SOUND KEY TERMSImages and Definitions for Revision

L/O: to know and understand sound key terms

Key Terms• Diegesis• Sound Scape• Atmos effect• Score (music)• Diegetic• Non-diegetic• Volume control• Crescendo • Diminuendo • Tempo• Timbre• Pitch• Dialogue

– Speech, language and accents• Mode of address• Direct Address• Voiceover• Ambient Sound• Sound bridging (part of continuity editing)• Sound perspective• Sound effects

– Naturalistic vs unnatralistic – Foley

• Synchronous• Asynchronous• Incidental music• Sound motifs• Parallel Sound• Contrapuntal sound

The power of sound

• Is part of the production process but mostly with the POST-PRODUCTION process

• Like good editing, it is invisible

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6ZSZbNfSpk You don’t realise how things are made!

Purpose of sound

• What purpose does sound have in TV/Film?

• Set mood/atmosphere– Romantic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBseVbq-5I8– Thrilling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCfWHqrYUqo

– Sad– Heroic/triumphful http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCjoOOrgVMM

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDC47NsoRE0 slumdog (what mood?)

• Emphasize reality– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3q17gkuOcc matrix

Diegesis/Diegetic world

• The world of film/TV programmes we see on screen is known as the DIEGESIS or the diegetic world.

• We can only see a section of this world.• The things that make up the diegesis are

diegetic elements

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juVb1SDHWrk (diegesis)

Sound Scape

Scape = the wider scene

•The whole set of sound used•Like ‘Mise-en-scene for sound’

Sound scape = ALL the sounds in a text

Atmos effect

• Sound effect to generate a certain atmosphere

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9NlVu2UEu0

Score (music)

Music composed, arranged and played specifically for the production

Example: 1) Adele = Skyfall (James Bond)2) Celine Dion = My heart will go on (Titanic)

Basically, any music that is written for TV/film…..

Purpose = sets mood and atmosphere to a scene

Diegetic sound

• Sounds that characters CAN hear.• Sound that comes from a person or object in

the diegesis and seen within the field of vision. (can be seen in screen)

Example: 1) Matrix = hearing helicopter sounds

Diegetic sound examples

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=276mzf_Go8U top gun

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRI15yhjeNQ night club

• Don’t make assumption that music is non-diegetic!

Non-diegetic sound

• Sounds that characters CANNOT hear• Sounds that are not in the diegesis

• Example: score (music) and voiceovers. – Score/music will often set mood/atmosphere

Non-diegetic sounds• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6-M8lXAE8k twelve trailer

• What parts are non-diegetic?

– Third personal narrator– Score music to set mood– Text on screen– Text on black screen– Sound with countdown (numbers)– Transition sound effect (swooshing)

Volume Control• The control of how quiet or how loud sound is• This is to set or emphasize mood/atmosphere• *Usually parallels with PACE (editing)

• When would sounds be quiet? Why? Effect on audience?• When would they be loud? Why? Effect on audience?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMx-Az5Da4M how does the volume level change? Why?

Crescendo/diminuendo

• Gradual increase of volume control

• Diminuendo – decrease….

tempo

• Speed of music

timbre

• Sound of instruments

pitch

• High and low notes

Dialogue (speech & language)

• Dialogue is speech made from characters when talking (what they say)

Consider:• Language (what they say and meanings of words)• Tone (aggressive, serious, sympathetic)• Accent (where from?)• Volume (whisper or shouting)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sNf-MwxTSE compare the dialogue between the men

Mode of address• This is the manner in which the narrative comes across to the audience. • Style of language used by character or narrator

– If characters are represented of an educated class perhaps they will use more sophisticated and complex vocabulary and are well spoken than of lower class

• The mode of address might cover accent used by characters of a particular regional identity (example liverpool)

• Mode of address would also cover the way in which a narrator speaks to an audience ……think of the tone– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_-7QtC2oms dove

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F08U2yCxbYg armani code

Direct address• When a narrator and character speaks directly to audience (looking at camera)• Brings reality and diegesis together• This technique breaks the verisimilitude (the world of the show) and

acknowledges the presence of the audience.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FG0y8efmMAQ miranda

Voiceovers• Where voice from outside the diegesis gives the audience

information. Often this voice tells us a story (narrator) or may be from a character in the story to communicate their thoughts or feelings.

• Example: this was common in film noir in 40/50’s and could give audience information about their thoughts (that perhaps only the audience should know)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JV1436VsnZY (diegetic)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bkwke3UCbCQ sex and the city (narrating = non-diegetic)

Ambient sound

• Background sound in diegesis • Does not have to be in field of vision

• IN field of vision = crowd in restaurant• OUT of field of vision = traffic outside

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bkwke3UCbCQ identify the ambient sounds

Sound bridge• Where sound (diegetic or non-diegestic) continues across one or more cuts/transitions.

• PART OF CONTINUITY EDITING• Called bridge because it connects and continues the sound like a bridge• It is applicable in ANY shot reverse shot when a character is talking

• Example: scene in freedom writers when guy was reading diary, and there was shot reverse shots between him and the classmates this is part of continuity editing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f8liieRepk

• Example: in love actually christmas scene = playing silent night continues http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KtVKu9CfDA

Sound perspective

• Sound recording that helps us place a sound as either near or distant or coming from a particular place within the diegesis

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1w_73ROcJuo

Sound effects

• Sounds added to the visuals in the editing

NATURALISTIC SOUND EFFECTS UNATURALISTIC SOUND EFFECTS

-sound of traffic outside the window added in editing-punching http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42oR8ZCmQpI&safe=active

-boing sound (for comical purpose)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qSB-JPQWbU

-whooshing sound in a flashback

Sound effect examples• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbliAXRxRhQ fighting

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sy_Aje0hnac record scratch

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjAQOjv3eg0 matrix neo swallow

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlZ5vkPS34M tron club fight

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i48Ab0rg2U cheap tricks (flying)

• http://vimeo.com/48955170 haha guys vs girls

Foley• Foley is trick used to create naturalistic sound effects. • It is to use different objects to imitate the sound of other objects (and

then add them in post-production (editing) to emphasize the sounds for an audience

• It is used because often sounds get compromised in filming process (production process)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jznye0iqYE types of foley

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHa98mDfOR4

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OONaPcZ4EAs 70’s

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nu2Va2CIxfE clothes ripping

Synchronous sound

• Where the sound is synchronized with the object giving off the sound

• Ex. You can see an alarm clock and you can hear it going off

• Ex. Radio playing silent night in love actually scene

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar0xLps7WSY which are the synchronous sounds?

• .

Asynchronous sound• Where the sound is deliberately out of sync (out of time) with what

we see. • You can hear but not see.• Sound that comes from an action but not precisely synchronized with

the action

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5T77JVoRYlM – Example: character has died on scene, shot remains on them but you can

hear phone ring and hear answering machine (but you cant see answering machine)

– Example: an advert for drunk driving where the advert visuals are of a girl on stretcher bleeding while the voiceover is her voice with her friends telling her to have another drink and deciding to drink

Asynchronous sound examples• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7j0avp3PVVE which is synchronous? Which is

asynchronous?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcjY-VN8_l4 taken abduction scene Why is the asynchronous sound asynchronous? and vice verse?

Incidental music/sound motif• Non-diegetic music that accompanies events or changes of the scenes

• Incidental music is often "background" music, and adds atmosphere to the action. It may take the form of something as simple as a low, ominous tone suggesting an impending startling event or to enhance the depiction of a story-advancing sequence.

• It could be a type of music that plays when things go wrong (example simpsons) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vK8NO-p1AA

• Example: Most films have 4 related motifs in theme tune: each indicating a narrative turning point: eg. Start or resolution of a chase sequence for example

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiRPWfz3HZw what does this music indicate?

• THIS IS LINKED TO PARALLEL SOUND• Music/sound that matches images on screen

• Fast paced rock music to car chase • Soft piano to romance scene

Sound motifs

• Sound associated with a character or place.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyBlKqktP_E (what is this sound usually used for?)

• Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzZAnq3kZQg

What would you expect to hear in a scene in a:School?Arcade?

Contrapuntal sound/music

• Music/sound that doesn’t match or parallel images

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9rIBE0KM-w

Homework

• GREEN = revise once• AMBER = revise twice• RED = revise three times