SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Photothermal Venus Flytrap from Conductive
Polymer Bimorphs
Hanwhuy Lim, Teahoon Park, Jongbeom Na, Chihyun Park, Byeonggwan Kim, and Eunkyoung Kim*
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro,
Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea.
Fax: +82-2-312-6401; Tel: +82-2-2123-5752;
E-mail: [email protected]
SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES
Figure S1. (a) Absorption spectra and (b) absorbance at 400, 600, 900 and 1600 nm for the
bimorphs of PP-PEDOT (130 nm) on PDMS (160 μm) prepared by multiple dry transfer
process from the 1st to the 4th transfer.
Figure S2. (a) Temperature rise of the bimorphs for PP0.4PD70 (red), PP0.29PD70 (blue),
and PP0.13PD70 (black) upon NIR exposure for 10 s with different NIR intensity. (b) Stress-
strain curves for PP0.13PD300 for 10 % (red), 20 % (green), and 30 % (blue) and PD300 for
40 % (black).
Figure S3. Photothermal actuator movement of PP0.29PD70 on the x-y axis plane under NIR
laser irradiation (Io = 198 mW).
Figure S4. The theoretical (line) and experimental (points) bending angle under different
light intensity based on Eqn (5); for PP0.40PD70 (blue), PP0.29PD70 (red), PP0.13PD70
(black), PP0.40PD160 (navy), PP0.29PD160 (olive), PP0.13PD160 (magenta), PP0.40PD300
(wine), PP0.29PD300 (purple), PP0.13PD300 (violet). Red square indicates the matched
region between the simulation and experimental results.
Figure S5. Cyclability experiments for the displacement of the photothermally foldable
bimorph under (a) 102 mW and (b) 198 mW laser, which were repeatedly pulsed (3 s on, 12 s
off).
Figure S6. Worm-like movement of photothermal PP0.29PD70 (25 mm in length, 3 mm in
width) under NIR laser irradiation (Io = 253 mW).
Figure S7. Ashby-like plot for displacement (filled symbols) and bending (angles in open
symbols) properties comparing different PEDOT based soft actuators.
Figure S8. Photothothermal movement of sunflower-B under one sun condition (AM1.5, 100
mW cm−2) at room temperature.
Table S1. The electrical conductivity and sheet resistance of bimorph with different PP-
PEDOT thickness.
Thickness of PP-PEDOT
(nm)
Sheet resistance(Ω)
Electrical conductivity(S/cm) Δσave
(%)OnSi wafer
OnPDMSa
OnSi wafer
OnPDMS
129 102 103.5 760 749 1.4148 95.6 96 705 702 0.3232 44 42.7 981 1011.7 3.1257 47.3 50.3 823 774 6370 28.6 29 943 932 1.1380 29 26.3 907 999 10.1
a Thickness of PDMS = 300 μm
Table S2. Displacement and bending properties of PP-PEDOT/PDMS bimorphs as compared
to PEDOT based soft actuators.
Materials Extermal stimuliSample length
(mm)
displacement angle
(o)
displacement
(mm)References
PP0.4PD70 Photothermal 10 149 20.1 This work
PP0.29PD70 Photothermal 10 80 6.6 This work
PP0.13PD70 Photothermal 10 40 3.1 This work
PEDOT / NBRa Electronic 5 - 5.49 1
PEDOT / Ppyb Electronic 5 - 0.15 2
PEDOT:PSS / MWCNT
/ PPy-DBS / PETcElectronic 20 - 3 3
PEDOT:PSS / PVDFd Piezoelectric 30 - 12 4
PEDOT/NBR/RTILe Electronic 10 - 6 5
PEDOT:PSS / PVP
/ PMMA nanofiberfHydrogel 40 53 1.2 6
PEDOT/MWCNTg Electronic 60 - 0.7 7
a NBR: nitrile rubber.1 b Ppy:Polypyrrole.2 c MWCNT: multi-wall carbon nanotubes, PEDOT:PSS: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-vinylbenzenesulfonate) (polystyrene sulfonate), Ppy-DBS: polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate, PET: poly(ethylene terephthalate), respectively.3 d PVDF: poly (vinylidene fluoride).4 e RTIL: room temperature ionic liquid.5 fPVP: poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), PMMA: poly(methyl methacrylate).6 g 7
List of Supplementary Movies
Movie S1: Photothermal actuation of PP0.4PD70 bimorph under NIR exposure (Io = 198
mW), played at normal speed.
Movie S2: Reversible formation of Venus flytrap from 2 D array of PP0.4PD70 bimorph
(sunflower-B) by the NIR exposure (Io = 1.1 W), played at 2X speed.
Movie S3: Snapping and moving of an object by the excavator from 2 D array of PP0.4PD70
bimorph (sunflower-A) by the NIR exposure (Io = 1.1 W), played at normal speed.
References in supporting information
1. Cho, M., Seo, H., Nam, J., Choi, H., Koo, J., Song, K. & Lee, Y. A solid state actuator based on the PEDOT/NBR system. Sens Actuator B-Chem. 119, 621-624 (2006).
2. Zainudeen, U. L., Careem, M. A. & Skaarup, S. PEDOT and PPy conducting polymer bilayer and trilayer actuators. Sens Actuator B-Chem. 134, 467-470 (2008).
3. Kiefer, R., Temmer, R., Tamm, T., Travas-Sejdic, J., Kilmartin, P. A. & Aabloo, A. Conducting polymer actuators formed on MWCNT and PEDOT-PSS conductive coatings. Synth Met. 171, 69-75 (2013).
4. Lee, C., Joo, J., Han, S. & Koh, S. Multifunctional transducer using poly (vinylidene fluoride) active layerand highly conducting poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrode: Actuator and generator. Appl Phys Lett. 85, 1841-1843 (2004).
5. Cho, M. S., Nam, J. D., Choi, H. R., Koo, J. C. & Lee, Y. K. Preparation of solid polymer actuator based on PEDOT/NBR/ionic liquid. Key Engineering Materials; 2005: Trans Tech Publ; 2005. p. 641-645.
6. Zhou, J., Fukawa, T. & Kimura, M. Directional electromechanical properties of PEDOT/PSS films containing aligned electrospun nanofibers. Polym J. 43, 849-854 (2011).
7. Kim, T. H., Kwon, C. H., Lee, C., An, J., Phuong, T. T. T., Park, S. H., Lima, M. D., Baughman, R. H., Kang, T. M. & Kim, S. J. Bio-inspired Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Muscles. Sci Rep. 6, (2016).
