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Medical Ethics
Dr. Raid Jastania
Right and Wrong
MoralityValues
Principles and ConceptsRight and Wrong
Ethics
Aim and Benefit of Ethics
Understand the Boundaries Be Good Enough
Example:
Evidence-Based MedicineGuidelines and
Recommendations
Standards of Practice
Be Good Enough
What is expected from me?What is appropriate to do?What is inappropriate to do?
Watch my Behavior!Why do I do what I do!Evaluate, Assess, Analyze….
How did we reach where we are?
• Belief• Values• Principles• Concepts
• Assumptions• Directions• Behavior• Pressure: cultural,
society, political, educational….
So What should We Do?
So What should We Do?
• Think, think, and think….!
• Watch our Behavior….!
• Evaluate, Assess….! Why do we do this!!
• Consider Right and Wrong concept….!
• Consider change and Improvement….!
• In short: “Be Good Enough”!
OK….., HOW?!
A Suggestion for a Start!
Medical Ethics
Medical Ethics
• Field of applied ethics, the study of moral, values and judgments as they apply to medicine.
Medical Ethics: History
• Ishaq Rahawi wrote (Conduct of Physician) the first book written in medical ethics
• Alrazi• Jewish thinkers: Thomas Aquinas….• 18th, 19th century: self-conscious discourse• Thomas Percival• 1847: The American Medical Association
adopted the first Code of Ethics.
Medical Ethics: History
• 20th century: Liberal Prostant, Joseph Fletcher..
• 1960, 1970: Liberal theory, Procedural justice.
• Bioethics
• Influence: Review Boards, Evaluate experiments, Ethics Committees….
Hippocratic Oath
Values in Medical Ethics• Autonomy: the patient has the right to refuse or
choose their treatment.• Beneficence: a practitioner should act in the best
interest of the patient.• Non-maleficence: First, Do no harm.• Justice: who gets what treatment (fairness and
equality).• Dignity: the patient has the right to dignity.• Truthfulness and honesty: eg. Informed consent.
Values in Medical Ethics
الحريةاألفضل عمل
الضرر منعالعدل
الكرامةالصدق
That’s Easy!
• Values give a useful framework for understanding conflicts.
• When values are in conflict, the result may be ethical dilemma.
Let’s Think
Autonomy vs Paternalism
Beneficence
Is treating always beneficial?
Autonomy vs Beneficence
Non-Maleficence
Do no harm.
Understand risk and benefits.
Double effect
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Can we break confidentiality?
Conflict of Interest
• Referring patients to tests and receiving benefits
• Drug companies
• Treating Family members
• Sexual relation with patients and relative of patients
The Take Home Message
Take Home Message
• Think, think, and think….!
• Watch our Behavior….!
• Evaluate, Assess….! Why do we do this!!
• Consider Right and Wrong concept….!
• Consider change and Improvement….!
• In short: “Be Good Enough”!