464

Honorary Staff and Out-patients and also an OutdoorShelter in connexion with the Children’s Ward havebeen built as a memorial to King Edward VII.,and fire-escape staircases erected. Plans have beenprepared for an increase in bed accommodation to200 beds; also Pathological Laboratory and twonew Operating Theatres.York County Hospital.

This hospital at York contains 180 beds. Thereare balconies for outdoor treatment, X Ray depart-ment, electrotherapeutic and massage department,actinotherapy installation, clinical laboratory, anda Zund-Burguet apparatus for treatment of chronicdeafness. There are clinics for Functional NervousDisorders, Venereal Diseases, and Electrocardio-graphy.

______________

MEDICAL EXAMINING BODIES AND

SCHOOLS IN SCOTLAND.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

Four Degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferred Iby the University of Edinburgh-viz., M.B.,Ch.B., M.D., and Ch.M. The degree of Ch.B.shall not be conferred on any person who does not atthe same time obtain the degree of M.B., and thedegree of M.B. shall not be conferred on any personwho does not at the same time obtain the degreeof Ch.B. No one is admitted to the degrees who hasnot been engaged in study for five years.

Candidates for the degrees of M.B. and Ch.B. musthave attended for at least three academic years themedical and surgical practice either of the Royal Infir-mary, Edinburgh, or of a general hospital elsewherewhich accommodates not fewer than 80 patients andpossesses a distinct staff of physicians and surgeons.They must have attended courses of instruction inClinical Surgery and Clinical Medicine each of ninemonths, and courses of instruction in all thesubsidiary subjects. They must have attended acourse in Clinical and Practical Midwifery andhave personally conducted 12 cases.With respect to the places and institutions at which

the studies of the candidates may be prosecuted the fol-lowing regulations have effect :-Three of the five yearsof medical study must be spent in the University ofEdinburgh. The remaining two years may be spentin any University of the United Kingdom, or inany Indian, Colonial or Foreign University or medicalschool recognised for the purpose by the UniversityCourt. Women are admitted to graduation inmedicine under the same conditions as men.

Bachelors of Medicine and Bachelors of Surgery mayproceed to the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Masterof Surgery after they have spent one year in themedical or surgical wards respectively of a hospital,or the Military or Naval Medical Services, or inscientific work bearing directly on their profession,or two years in practice. In each case an examinationmust be passed and a thesis submitted.

Post-graduate Instruction.-The University takespart in the Courses given under the auspices of theEdinburgh Post-graduate Courses in Medicine. Inthe departments of the Faculty of Medicine provisionis made for research by students of graduate standing.In the University laboratories facilities will be pro-vided for approved candidates for the Degree of Ph.D.

In connexion with the University and RoyalColleges Post-graduate Instruction is given each year,chiefly in the Summer Vacation (July-September).Special Courses are arranged for, and particulars maybe had on application to the Hon. Secretary, Post-graduate Courses in Medicine.The University of Edinburgh is especially rich in

scholarships and prizes in medical subjects. Fullparticulars concerning these, as well as concerningthe fees at different stages, can be obtained from theDean of the Medical Faculty.

Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.At this institution there are 1006 beds, includ-

ing 42 cots for children. The clinical work of theEdinburgh student is done at the Royal Infirmary.Courses of Clinical Medicine and Surgery are givenby the physicians and surgeons to male and femalestudents. Special instruction is given on Diseasesof Women, Physical Diagnosis, Diseases of theSkin, Diseases of the Eye, the Ear, the Larynx,and the Teeth. Separate wards are devoted toVenereal Diseases, Diseases of Women, Diseases ofthe Eye, the Ear, Throat and Nose, and the Skin,and also to cases of Incidental Delirium or Insanity.There is also a large and complete RadiologicalDepartment. Post-mortem examinations are con-

ducted in the anatomical theatre by the pathologistand his assistants, who also give practical instructionin Pathological Anatomy and Histology.The appointments are : 1. Resident physicians

and surgeons are appointed and live in the house freeof charge. The appointment is for six months, butmay be renewed at the end of that period by specialrecommendation. 2. Non-resident house physiciansand surgeons and clinical assistants are appointed forsix months. The appointment may be renewed for alike period by special recommendation. 3. Clerks anddressers are appointed by the physicians and surgeons.These appointments are open to all studentsand junior practitioners holding hospital tickets.4. Assistants in the Pathological Department.

’, Facilities are given in connexion with the Post-graduate Courses arranged by the Edinburgh Univer-sity and the two Royal Colleges jointly.

Royal Hospital for Sick Children. ,The hospital at Sciennes-road, Edinburgh, has132 beds, fitted with every modern improvement.

A fully equipped out-patient department (medicaland surgical) is conducted daily. Systematic coursesof instruction, which qualify for graduation in theEdinburgh University and elsewhere, are given thricethroughout the year by the staff. Each course

consists of 50 meetings and combines medicine andsurgery. Post-graduate Courses of Lectures are heldduring the summer vacation. Full particulars withregard to teaching can be obtained from the Dean’sOffice, University New Buildings, Edinburgh.

Edinburgh Eye, Ear, and Throat Infirmary.Clinical Lectures and Instruction are given in this

institution (with which is incorporated the EdinburghEye Dispensary) at 6, Cambridge-street, Lothian-road, open at 1 o’clock daily for out-door patientsfor Eye Diseases ; Mondays, Thursdays, and Satur-days at 12 noon, and Tuesdays and Fridays at4 P.M. for out-door Ear, Nose, and Throat Patients.Patients whose diseases require operations or extracare are accommodated in the house (10 beds).Practical Ophthalmoscopic Classes may be arranged,and Clinical Assistants are appointed from time totime. A Post-graduate Course in Diseases of the Ear,Nose, and Throat is held each academic term, com-mencing in May, October and January, and continuingfor six weeks. The next course commences inOctober. The class meets at 5 P.M. on Tuesdaysand Fridays, and the instruction, which is practical,is supplemented by lantern demonstrations. Fullparticulars from the Secretary, 32, Charlotte-square.

UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW.

The University of Glasgow is both a teaching and adegree-granting body, but admits to graduation onlycandidates whose preliminary’ examination and courseof study conform to its own regulations. Withincertain limits instruction given by recognised medicalschools and teachers may be accepted, but not lessthan one-half of the subjects other than clinical mustbe taken in this or some other recognised university,and at least two years of the course must be taken inGlasgow University. Seven degrees, open both to men

465

and women, are conferred : M.B. and Ch.B. (alwaysconjointly), M.D. and Ch.M. ; B.Sc. in Public Health ;7).<S’c. in Public Health ; B.Sc. in Pharmacy ; andPh.D. in the Faculty of Medicine. A Diploma inPublic Health (D.P.H.) is also granted.

All information as regards the extent and standardof the Preliminary Examination may be obtained byapplication to the Secretary, Scottish UniversitiesEntrance Board, 81, North-street, St. Andrews.For the degrees of M.B. and Ch.B. a curriculum of

five years is required. The candidate must attenda course or courses of instruction in eachof the following subjects of study, extendingover not less than the’ number of terms specifiedin each case, and including such class exami-nations as may be prescribed in connexion withthe several courses : Chemistry (including OrganicChemistry), with Practical Chemistry, three terms ;Physics (with practical work), one term ;Botany (with practical work), one term ; Zoology(with practical work), one term ; Anatomy andPractical Anatomy, five terms; Physiology andPractical Physiology, three terms ; Materia Medicaand Therapeutics (together or separately), eachsubject, one term ; Pathology and Practical Patho-logy, three terms ; Medical Jurisprudence and PublicHealth (together or separately), each subject, oneterm ; Midwifery and Diseases peculiar to Womenand to Infants, two terms; Surgery two terms ;Medicine, two terms. Candidates must attend forat least three years the Medical and Surgical Practiceof a recognised hospital accommodating at least80 patients and having a distinct staff of physiciansand surgeons. At least nine months’ hospital attend-ance is required on both Clinical Surgery and ClinicalMedicine with nine months more of general hospitalpractice ; the student must have acted for six monthsas clerk in medical and dresser in surgical wards,and must have had six months’ outdoor practice ;he must also have attended a course of MentalDiseases and of Practical Pharmacy (25 meetings),must have been properly instructed in Vaccinationat a public vaccination station, and must haveattended at least 20 cases of labour and the Practiceof a Lying-in Hospital. The University also requiresfurther study in various special subjects : Ophthal-mology, Diseases of the Ear, Diseases of the Throat andNose, Venereal Diseases, Tuberculosis, Fevers,Vaccina-tion. The final year consists of three intensive termsof study : one devoted to Midwifery and Diseases ofWomen, one to Surgery, and one to Medicine.There are four Professional Examinations, the first

comprising Botany, Zoology, Physics, and Chemistry ;the second comprising Anatomy and Physiology;the third comprising Materia Medica and Therapeuticsand Pathology ; and the fourth or final, comprisingMedical Jurisprudence and Public Health, Surgeryand Clinical Surgery, Practice of Medicine andClinical Medicine, and Midwifery and the DiseasesPeculiar to Women and to Infants.

The degrees of M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) and Ch.M.(Master of Surgery) are granted to candidates, notunder 24 years of age, who have previously obtainedthe double bachelorship on completing examinations,in Clinical Medicine for M.D. and in Surgical Anatomy,operations on the dead body, and Clinical Surgery forCh.M. The higher degree of Doctor of Philosophy(Ph.D.) is also conferred in the Faculty of Medicine. ICandidates must already have obtained a degree (or equivalent diploma) from an approved University orCollege and must prosecute a course of special study z’

or research for two or three years and given evidenceof satisfactory progress. A thesis must be presentedfor approval by the Senate on the recommendationof a Special Committee. The candidate may berequired to undergo an oral or other examination onthe subject matter of the thesis.Post-graduate Medical Teaching is available under

the auspices of Glasgow Post-Graduate Medical Asso-ciation, which is representative of practically all theTeaching Institutions in Glasgow. Weekly demon-strations for practitioners are given throughout the

winter and spring, and comprehensive courses ofinstruction during the summer and autumn. Thereis a General Medical and Surgical Course duringthe last two weeks of August and the first two weeksof September. This is a whole-time course andincludes most of the subjects of interest to thegeneral practitioner. The forenoons are occupiedwith General Medicine and Surgical Diagnosisand Minor Surgery in the Royal Infirmary and inthe Victoria Infirmary. In the afternoons specialsubjects are dealt with in some of the specialhospitals or in the special departments of thegeneral hospitals-two subjects each afternoon. Onthe four Saturday forenoons Tuberculosis andInfectious Fevers are demonstrated at Ruchill FeverHospital. Arrangements have also been madewhereby a limited number of graduates may becomeattached to wards or out-patient departmentsnominally as clinical assistants for definite periodsthroughout the year. As such they work underthe direct supervision of the physician or surgeonin charge, and carry out such detailed investigationsas directed. Further information may be obtainedfrom the Secretary of the Association, 9, Woodside-terrace, Glasgow.

There are many Bursaries, Scholarships, and Prizesin connexion with the Medical Course.

Glasgow Royal Infirmary.The ancient connexion between the University of

Glasgow and the Royal Infirmary was revived in 1911,when four University Chairs and several UniversityLectureships were established at the infirmary. NewLectureships in Materia Medica and PathologicalBiochemistry were established recently, and a lecture-ship in Bacteriology has been founded. St. Mungo’sCollege, which embraces and continues the originalRoyal Infirmary Medical School, is situated in theinfirmary grounds. The infirmary has, including theOphthalmic Department, over 800 beds. In additionto the large medical and surgical departments, thereare special wards for diseases of women, of the throat,nose, and ear, skin, eye, burns, septic cases, andbiochemical investigation. The wards are open toWomen Students. Six house physicians and nine housesurgeons, who board in the hospital free of charge, areappointed every six months ; also five non-residenthouse physicians, nine non-resident house surgeons,and one non-resident dental house surgeon. Clerks anddressers are appointed by the physicians and surgeons.As a large number of cases of acute diseases and acci-dents of a various character are received, these appoint-ments are very valuable and desirable. Thereis a modern and fully equipped Electrical Pavilionand Massage Department, and year by year thelatest and most approved apparatus for diagnosis andtreatment has been added. Post-graduate Classesare held during August and September in ClinicalMedicine, Clinical Surgery, Clinical Gynaecology,Diseases of the Skin, Biochemistry, Diseases of theThroat, Nose and Ear, and in Diseases of the Eye,Tutorial Classes for senior students are also heldin August and September.For information regarding fees and other particulars,

application should be made to the Superintendent.

Glasgow Western Infirmary.This hospital of 642 beds adjoins the University.

Special wards are set apart for Diseases of Women,Throat, Nose, and Ear, and for Affections of the Skin.In the out-patient department there are special clinicsfor Diseases of Women and for Diseases of the Throat,Ear, Nose, Teeth, Skin, Venereal Disease, and Electro-therapeutics. Radium centre for Glasgow and theWest of Scotland. The Clinical Courses are givenby the physicians and surgeons, each of whomconducts a separate class, and students require toenter their names at the beginning of the sessionfor the class which they propose to attend. Specialinstruction is given to junior students by tutors orassistants. and clinical clerks and dressers are selectedfrom the members of the class. All the courses of

466

clinical instruction are recognised by the Universityof Glasgow and the other boards in the kingdom. Inthe Pathological and Bacteriological Departmentsthe courses are both systematic and practical, andextend through the winter and following summer ;these are likewise recognised by the University forgraduation. In addition Post-Graduate Courses areheld. Eighteen resident assistants are appointedannually from those who have completed theircourse. In the Clinical Laboratory students receivelaboratory instruction from the lecturer on clinicalmethods. A School of Massage, Medical Electricity,and Swedish Remedial Exercises has been establishedto qualify for the Certificate of the Chartered Societyof Massage and Medical Gymnastics. Secretary :J. Matheson Johnston, C.A.

Victoria Infirmary.This institution, situated at 67, Carlton-place,

Glasgow, has 380 beds, and is the third of the extensivegeneral hospitals in Glasgow to afford opportunityfor clinical instruction to students. In addition toa full general staff there is a clinical research laboratorywith pathologists and bacteriologists attached, radio-logical instructor, and a full assortment of specialists.The Bellahouston Dispensary, also with a clinicalstaff, is conducted in connexion with the VictoriaInfirmary. For further particulars of the clinicalpractice application shoud be made to the Secretary Iand Treasurer.

Anderson College of Medicine. ICourses are given at Dumbarton-road, Glasgow, W.,

which qualify for all the licensing boards and for theUniversities of Oxford, Cambridge, London, Durham,Edinburgh, and Glasgow (the latter two under certainconditions). Extensive accommodation is providedfor Practical Anatomy, Practical Chemistry, PracticalBotany, Practical Zoology, Practical Physiology,Practical Pharmacy, Operative Surgery, and PublicHealth. Ample provision has also been made for thecomfort of students. Women students are admittedon the same terms as men, and the Carnegie Trustextends its benefactions to students of the College.(Full particulars may be obtained from the CarnegieTrust Offices, Merchants’ Hall, Edinburgh.)

Candidates for the L.D.S. can obtain the fullmedical curriculum in Anatomy, Chemistry, Physio-logy, Surgery, Practice of Medicine, and MateriaMedica. The courses special to Dentistry are con-ducted at the Dental Hospital, Glasgow.Communications relating to the College to be

addressed to the Secretary of the Medical Faculty.Communications relating to the Preliminary Examina-tion in General Education to be addressed to theEducational Institute Office, 47, Moray-place, Edin-burgh ; and relating to the Triple Qualification andto the Dental Qualification to be addressed to RoyalFaculty Hall, 242, St. Vincent-street, Glasgow.Queen Margaret College.Queen Margaret College (Women’s Department of

the University) is an integral part of the Universityof Glasgow. The classes are taught by professorsof the University and other lecturers appointed bythe University Court, and it is governed bythe University Court and Senate. The curricula,regulations, and fees are the same as those of the malestudents, and the University degrees are opP-"l towomen on the same conditions as to men. Theschool of medicine is a special feature of the College,and gives full preparation for the medical degrees ofthe University. The women students attend classesin the various University Buildings at Gilmorehilland Queen Margaret College, the Royal Infirmary,the Western Infirmary, and the Victoria Infirmary.Facilities for clinical work are given in the Royal,Western and Victoria Infirmaries, in the Maternity,Royal Sick Children’s, and other hospitals. TheArthur Scholarship is open every third year to studentsof first year ; other Bursaries are open in Arts andMedicine, and women are admitted to certainUniversity bursaries and fellowships. I

St. Mungo’s College and Glasgow Royal Infirmary.The classes in St. Mungo’s College qualify for the

medical qualifications of the English, Scotch, andIrish Conjoint Boards, for the dental diplomas ofthe English, Irish, and Scottish Boards and, undercertain conditions, for the various universities,including the University of London. Students whohave fulfilled the conditions of the Carnegie Trustare eligible for the benefits of this Trust during thewhole course of their studies at St. Mungo’s College.Further particulars can be obtained from the Secretaryof the Medical Faculty.Royal Hospital for Sick Children.

This institution consists of : (1) a hospital atYorkhill containing 275 cots, built on an elevatedand central site close to the University, and openedin July, 1914 ; (2) a Dispensary, or Out-patientDepartment, in West Graham-street, opened inOctober, 1888 ; and (3) a Country Branch at Drum-chapel, Dumbartonshire, containing 80 cots, openedin 1903. Children treated must not be over 13 yearsof age, nor suffer from infectious diseases. In 1929there were 5359 patients treated in the wards, andthe number of attendances of out-patients was

81,960. There are one professorship and fourlectureships in the University of Glasgow in connexionwith the hospital, one professorship and one lecture-ship on the Medical Diseases of Infancy and Childhood,one lectureship on Surgery and Orthopaedics inrelation to Infancy and Childhood, one lectureshipon Biochemistry in relation to Infancy and Childhood,and one research lectureship on the Pathology of theDiseases of Infancy and Childhood. The lectures areboth systematic and clinical, but particularly andchiefly the latter. In addition, special facilities aregiven for post-graduate study. Resident HousePhysicians and Surgeons are appointed every sixmonths at May 1st and Nov. lst. Full informationmay be obtained from the Medical Superintendent.Glasgow Royal Maternity and Women’s Hospital.The average daily number of patients in the hospital

at Rottenrow is 140, and of the 4000 cases admittedto the wards per annum, over 60 per cent. areclassified as abnormal. There are also about3500 mothers attended per annum in their ownhomes. The work of the antenatal wards with their40 beds is supplemented by large antenatalclinics where over 4000 new patients are seen inthe course of the year. Splendidly equipped ResearchLaboratories were opened in 1926. The Visiting Staffof the hospital includes a Psediatrician, who givesdaily attendance. The practice of the hospitalaffords a wonderful field for post-graduate study andexperience. In addition to the joint courses for post-graduates as organised by the Glasgow Post-GraduateAssociation, the resources of the hospital are alwaysavailable for those who wish to make a special studyof obstetrics. Inquiries should be addressed to theHouse Superintendent.Glasgow Royal Samaritan Hospital for Women.

Increased to 160 beds by building extensionscompleted in 1927, the hospital offers excellentfacilities for clinical instruction in the diseasespeculiar to women. Lectures and clinical demonstra-tions are given by members of the surgical staff tostudents and to post-graduates ; and the hospital isrepresented on the Board of the Glasgow Post-Graduate Medical Association formed for coordinatingpost-graduate medical teaching in all the hospitals.The Royal Samaritan Lectureship in Gynaecology is aUniversity Lectureship associated with the hospital.

For further information, application may be madeat the hospital, or to the Secretary, 200, St. Vincent-street, Glasgow.Glasgow Lock Hospital.The hospital at 41, Rottenrow, Glasgow, contains

80 beds for the treatment of females suffering fromVenereal Diseases. There is also a Labour Ward,and a well-equipped Dispensary for out-patient

467

attendances. There is a Lecture Room and a

Laboratory, equipped with modern appliances, whereUniversity classes on the subject are dealt with. Post-

graduate classes are also held. Recently the hospitalhas been completely renovated and modernised.Full information from the Secretary and Treasurer,Mr. J. Neilson Gray, LL.B., 65, Bath-street, Glasgow.

Glasgow Ophthalmic Institution.This institution, at 126, West Regent-street, and

131, .Wellington-street (30 beds and six cots), isadministered by the Royal Infirmary. Clinicaland systematic courses of lectures for students duringthe winter and summer sessions. Operations on

Wednesdays and Fridays. Post-graduate classes anddemonstrations are arranged during the summer.For information regarding fees and other particularsapplication should be made to the Superintendent,Royal Infirmary.

Glasgow Eye Infirmary.The wards and dispensary at Berkeley-st,reet and

Charlotte-street are recognised by the University ofGlasgow for the purpose of instruction in ophthalmo-logy for graduation in medicine, and by the RoyalColleges of Physicians and Surgeons of England forthe Diploma in Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery.A Venereal Centre has been established, and a BranchDispensary has been opened in Clydebank. Post-graduate Classes are held. Secretary and ActingTreasurer, Mr. William M. Moore, 171, West Regent-street, Glasgow.

Glasgow Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital.The hospital contains 54 beds. At out-patient

and indoor departments at 306, St. Vincent-street,clinical instruction is given. A Research Departmenthas now been installed. Post-graduate Courses areheld during the year. Secretary : D. N. Mackay,38, Bath-street, Glasgow.

UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS.

Four Degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferredby the University of St. Andrews (United College,St. Andrews and University College, Dundee)-viz.,M.B., Ch.B., M.D., Ch.M., a Diploma in PublicHealth, and Diploma in Dental Surgery (L.D.S.).The extent and standard of the Preliminary

Examination is determined by the Scottish Univer-sities Entrance Board, constituted under OrdinanceNo. 70 of the Scottish University Courts (GeneralNo. 3-Regulations as to Admission to the ScottishUniversities for purposes of graduation), in accordancewith the terms of that Ordinance. A degree inArts or in Science in any of the Universities ofthe United Kingdom and in some colonial and foreignuniversities exempts. The Preliminary Examina-tion for graduation in Medicine and Surgery, Arts orScience, of the University of St. Andrews is acceptedas equivalent to the RegistrationExamination requiredby the General Medical Council (the certificate toinclude the required subjects). Also the FinalExamination for a degree in Arts or Science.Degree8 of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of

Surgery.-A pre-registration examination is heldin Physics and Chemistry. Candidates musthave been engaged in medical study for at leastfive years. In each of the first four years thecandidate must have attended. at least two coursesof instruction in one or more of the subjects ofstudy specified below, each course extendingover a session of not less than five months, eithercontinuous or divided into two terms, or, alternatively,one such course along with two courses, each extendingover a session of not less than two and a half months.During the fifth or final year the candidate shall beengaged in clinical study for at least nine months atthe Infirmary of Dundee or at one or more of such

public hospitals or dispensaries, British or foreign,as may be recognised for the purpose by the TTni-versity Court. The candidate must have receivedinstruction in each of the following subjects ofstudy, including such examinations as may beprescribed in the various classes-viz., Anatcmy,Practical Anatomy, Chemistry, Materia Medica,Physiology, Practice of Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery,and the Diseases peculiar to Women and Infants,Pathology, Bacteriology, Practical Chemistry, Physics,Elementary Botany, ElEmentary Zoology, PracticalPhysiology, Practical Pathology, Forensic Medicine,and Public Health. The candidate must haveattended for at least three years the Medical andSurgical Practice either of the Infirmary of Dundeeor of a General Hospital elsewhere with not fewerthan 80 patients, with a distinct staff of physiciansand surgeons, and recognised for the purpose by theUniversity Court. Additional subjects of study arePractical Pharmacy, Mental Diseases, PracticalMidwifery, Operative Surgery, Vaccination, Children’sDiseases, Fevers, Ophthalmology, Diseases of theEar, Throat, and Nose, Anaesthetics, Dermatology,Venereal Diseases, Tuberculosis, and Post-mortemExaminations.

With respect to the places and institutions at whichthe studies of the candidate may be prosecuted thefollowing regulations shall have effect :-1. Two ofthe five years of medical study must be spent in theUniversity of St. Andrews. 2. The remaining threeyears may be spent in any University of the UnitedKingdom or in any Indian, Colonial, or ForeignUniversity recognised forthepuiposeby the UniversityCo urt, or in such medical schools or under suchteachers as may be recognised for the purpose by theUniversity Court. Women are admitted to graduationin Medicine.

Professional Examinations for the Degrees of Bachelorof Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.-Each candidatewill be examined both in writing and orally, and alsoclinically where the nature of the subject admits, inthe following divisions-viz., first, in Botany, Zoology,Physics, and Chemistry ; second, in Anatomy andPhysiology; third, in Materia Medica, Pathologyand Bacteriology, Forensic Medicine and PublicHealth ; and fourth, in Surgery, Clinical and Opera-tive Surgery, Practice of Medicine and ClinicalMedicine, and Midwifery and Gynaecology (Systematicand Clinical).

University College, Dundee.The Medical School in St. Andrews University is

carried on as follows. Part or whole of the medicalcurriculum of St. Andrews University must be takenhere. Provision is made by St. Andrews Universityfor instruction in the work of the first two years,including Anatomy and Physiology, in both St.Andrews and Dundee. The last three years of thecurriculum must be taken in Dundee in UniversityCollege, which is a constituent part of St. AndrewsUniversity.Dundee Royal Infirmary.

In addition to the ordinary Medical and SurgicalWards (461 beds), there are special departmentsfor Midwifery (In- and Out-door), for Diseasesof Women, of Children, of the Eye, of the Ear, Nose,and Throat, and of the Skin ; and for Clinical Patho-logy, Radiology, Electrotherapeusis, and Electro-cardiography. A new Maternity Department isbeing built at a cost of 37,000. Clinical teachingis given to male and female students by the HonoraryStaff ; post-mortem examinations are conductedby the pathologists. All courses of instruction arerecognised by the University of St. Andrews andthe other Universities and Boards of the United King-dom. Ten Resident Medical Officers are appointedevery six months. Clinical clerks and dressersare attached to the Physicians and Surgeons ; andStudents are appointed as assistants in the patho-logical department. Further information may beobtained from the Medical Superintendent.

468

UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN.

The University of Aberdeen grants four degrees inMedicine and Surgery-viz., 111.D., Ch.M., M.B., andCh.B. The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)is also granted in the Faculty of Medicine.

Degrees of l11.B. and Ch.B.-Candidates, beforeentering on the curriculum, must have passed thePreliminary Examination or hold a qualificationrecognised as exempting from such examination,have attained the age of 17, and have passed thePre-registration Examination in Physics andChemistry.The curriculum for the degrees extends over a

period of five years, during which attendance isrequired in the following subjects : Botany, Zoology,Physics, Chemistry (Systematic and Practical),Anatomy (Systematic and Practical), Physiology(Systematic and Practical), Materia Medica andTherapeutics, Practical Pharmacy, Pathology (Sys-tematic and Practical), Medical Jurisprudence, PublicHealth, Surgery, Medicine, and Midwifery.

Candidates must attend for at least three years themedical and surgical practice of a recognised hospital,they must have attended courses of at least ninemonths in clinical medicine and clinical surgery,and have acted as clerk in the medical and dresser inthe surgical wards of a hospital. Attendance isrequired on the practice of a dispensary or the out-practice of a hospital and also on courses in MentalDiseases, Fevers, Ophthalmology, Post-mortem Exami-nations, Venereal Diseases, Tuberculosis, Radiology,X Ray, Therapeutics and Electrical Treatment, andClinical Chemistry, and other special subjects. Thecandidate is also required to have been properlyinstructed in Vaccination and to have attended atleast 20 Midwifery cases.

Degrees of M.D. and Ch.M.-Candidates for eitherof these degrees must already hold the degrees ofM.B. and Ch.B. of Aberdeen. A thesis (in duplicate)has to be presented and an examination has to bepassed in Clinical Medicine (or in some specialDepartment of Medical Science) or Clinical Surgery,as the case may be.

Degree of Ph.D.-For this degree candidatesmust pursue a course of special study or researchduring a period of nine academical terms as ResearchStudents in the University of Aberdeen or in anyCollege or Institution that may be affiliated thereto.A Thesis (in duplicate) must be presented for approval.A diploma in Public Health is granted by the

University to graduates in Medicine of a Universityin the United Kingdom, after a special examination.

Scholarships and P7izes.-In the Faculty of Medicineof the University of Aberdeen there are the followingBursaries, Scholarships, and Prizes :-Bursaries :about 24 Bursaries (competition and presentation)are open each year, of &pound; 10 to .845 per annum in value,most of them being tenable for three years. Scholar-ships : five Post-graduate Scholarships, ranging invalue up to ;E250 per annum. Prizes and Medals:15 Gold Medals and Prizes for proficiency in specialdepartments.Aberdeen Royal Infirmary.

There are 366 beds. The main clinical work of thestudents is done in the infirmary with its general andspecial facilities, including a Department of ClinicalChemistry.

Aberdeen Royal Mental Hospital.This hospital contains about 900 beds. The class !

of Mental Diseases meets at the University of Aberdeen, ’,and clinical instruction is given at the hospital duringthree months in summer. Physician-Superintendent,Dr. R. Dods Brown. ’

Other Hospitals.Students have the opportunity of attending the

following institutions: City Fever Hospital, SickChildren’s Hospital, General Dispensary, Lying-inand Vaccine Institutions, and Ophthalmic Institution.

SCOTTISH MEDICAL CORPORATIONS

GRANTING DIPLOMAS.1

CONJOINT EXAMINING BOARD.

The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh,the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, andthe Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons ofGlasgow have made arrangements by which, afterone series of examinations, held in Edinburgh or

Glasgow, or both, the student may obtain the diplomasof the three bodies. This is the Scottish Conjoint Board.The three bodies grant their Single Licences onlyto candidates who already possess legal qualificationsin Medicine or Surgery.The hospitals which are recognised by the Scottish

Conjoint Board as places where professional study fortheir diplomas can be pursued are all those institutionswhich feed the medical faculties of the universities,as well as all the places which are recognised bythe English and Irish Conjoint Boards.

Professional Education.-The candidate must pro-duce certificates or other satisfactory evidence ofhaving attended the following separate and distinctcourses of instruction : Physics, three months;Elementary Biology, 2 terms ; Elementary OrganicChemistry, one term ; Anatomy, Practical Anatomy,5 terms; Theoretical, including Biochemistry andBiophysics, 5 terms ; Physiology, Materia Medica,2 terms ; Pathology (including Practical Pathology),3 terms ; Practice of Medicine, 2 terms ; ClinicalMedicine, 3 terms ; Principles and Practice of Sur-gery, 2 terms ; Clinical Surgery, 3 terms ; Midwiferyand Gynaecology, 2 terms; Diseases of Children,one term ; Medical Jurisprudence, one term; andPublic Health, one term. The certified attendance onlectures, demonstrations, and practical work must notbe less than three-fourths of the total number ofroll-calls. Every student undergoes a course ofPractical Midwifery, but before attending at labourshe is required to attend a course of lectures on Surgeryand Midwifery and to hold the offices of ClinicalMedical Clerk and Surgical Dresser. He must alsoattend for two and a half months’ instruction inPractical Pharmacy ; the certificate to be signed bythe teacher, who must be a member of the Pharma-ceutical Society of Great Britain, or the superintendentof the laboratory of a public hospital or dispensary, ora registered practitioner who dispenses medicines tohis patients, or a teacher of Practical Pharmacy.The student must attend for 27 months the Medical

and Surgical practice of a public general hospitalcontaining on an average at least 80 patients availablefor clinical instruction and possessing distinct staffs ofphysicians and of surgeons. He must act as SurgicalDresser and Medical Clinical Clerk for not less thannine months in the wards in each case, and receivepractical instruction in administration of anaesthetics.He must attend for three months the practice of apublic dispensary especially recognised by any of theabove authorities, and three months’ attendance atthe out-patient department of a recognised generalhospital. This attendance should be made after thestudent has passed the First and Second examinations.

Candidates are also required to attend the followingthree-monthly courses : Diseases and Injuries of theEye ; Insanity; Infectious Diseases; Gynaecology;Diseases of Children. The curriculum lasts for fiveyears, the fifth year being devoted to clinical work.

There are four professional examinations :-First Examination includes Systematic and Prac-

tical Biology; Chemistry and Physics.The Second Examination must be Written, Practical,

and Oral, and consist of the following subjects:-(1) Anatomy and Embryology, and (2) Physiology,including Histology (if not included in Anatomy),Biochemistry, and Biophysics. Candidates may be

1 Regulations which apply to candidates who register asmedical students after Oct. 1st were issued just before going topress.