302

the Privy Council Office, and would issue orders for the isola-tion of infected districts, the protection of disinfected districts,the regulation of fairs and markets, the cleansing of railwaytrucks, and other matters, on principles which he explained.Mr. HuNT acceded to this proposal, and, on the motion of

Sir G. GREY, the Lords’ amendments were ordered to be takeninto consideration that day six months.

Medical News.APOTHECARIES’ HALL. - The following gentlemen

passed their examination in the Science and Practice of Medi-cine, and received certificates to practise, on the 8th inst.:—

Bush, Richard Hake, York-terrace, Regent’s-park.Pugh, Richard, Llandovery, South Wales.Rickard, Frederick Martyn, Stoke Devonport, Devon.Rugg, Robert, Dispensary, Stepney.Wadd, Frederick John, Priory-road, Kilburn.

The following gentleman also on the same day passed hisfirst examination :-

Duke, Benjamin, Guy’s Hospital.

PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN.-The following are the names of candidates who passed theexamination on the 14th of March, as pharmaceuticalchemists :-Alfred Barrowclough, Mirfield ; William Beckett,Heywood ; Robert Keevil, Clifton; James John Owles, GreatYarmouth ; William Phillipps, Newcross-road; JosephSpencer Robinson, Alfreton; Philip Stoneham, London;Samuel John Weston, London.DECLINE OF CATTLE PLAGUE. - The cattle plague

returns up to Saturday last report 7310 only, as against 10,167the previous week.MR. BAKER BROWN has just been elected a member

of the Medical Society of Christiania, in recognition of his ser-vices in operative surgery.DANGERS OF THE STREETS.-No less than ninety

persons injured by street accidents have been taken to Charing-cross Hospital within the last six months.THE CHOLERA IN GERMANY.-The cholera has broken

out with great virulence in some swampy villages of theGrand Duchy of Luxembourg and the adjacent district ofRhineland.

ROYAL HOSPITAL FOR INCURABLES.—The anniver-sary festival of this institution was celebrated on the 9th inst.by a public dinner at the London Tavern. The secretary an-nounced a list of subscriptions, amounting in all to 92100.

ODONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY.-At the ordinary monthlymeeting, held at its rooms, Soho-square, on the 5th inst., Mr:Mummery read a paper " On Certain Forms of Irregularity ofthe Teeth," exhibiting models of cases where great success hadfollowed his efforts to reduce the deformity.THE CHOLERA IN ALEXANDRIA.- Official information

on the llth inst. received from Alexandria by telegraph statesthat cholera has reappeared there. The Government of Maltahas placed all arrivals from Alexandria in thirty days’quarantine.HIPPOPHAGY IN BERLIN.-Great success has attended

the introduction of horse-ilesh in Berlin as an article of humanfood. In 186.5, 2241 horses were slaughtered for this purpose.The meat is perfectly wholesome, and tolerably palatable, re-

sembling rather coarse beef.PHAROAH’s SERPENTS. - Three young workwomen

entered the service of a Paris manufacturer of these toys, and,after a few days, were seized with alarming illness, and re-moved to the Lariboisière Hospital. Their lives have beensaved, but their health is for ever gone.

TESTIMONIAL To DR. LOBB.-A valuable testimonial,consisting of a silver salver and a tea and coffee service,accompanied by a handsomely illuminated volume, containingthe names of the subscribers, was presented at the AlbionTavern, on the 3rd instant, to Dr. Lobb, of Aldersgate-street,by several of his friends and patients, on his retirement frompractice, in which he had been actively engaged for upwardsof forty years. After the presentation, Dr. Lobb was enter-tained at dinner. Dr. C. Brodie Sewell, the treasurer of the’testimonial fund, presided.

DOUBTS AS TO OZONE.-In a lecture lately deliveredby Professor Frankland at the Royal Institution, he statedthat the alleged presence of ozone in the atmosphere cannotbe proved. Thus, there is no evidence that atmospheric ozonehas any effect on the prevalence or absence of infectious dis-eases, as commonly supposed.THE CHOLERA CONFERENCE AT CONSTANTINOPLE.-

A proposal made by the French representative at the CholeraConference to stop the sea communication between Hedpazand Egypt in the event of another epidemic, has been adopted.The Porte, however, will not accept or enforce the measure,fearing an insurrection among the pilgrims.GERMAN HOSPITAL, DALSTON. - The twenty-first

anniversary festival in aid of the funds of this institution wascelebrated on Monday evening at the London Tavern; theEarl of Dudley presiding. The receipts for the general fundduring the year were £4516 108. 9d., and the expenditurewas £ 4522 18s. 8d., showing a deficiency of E6 7s. lld.

DWELLINGS FOR THE POOR.-A conference of Poor-law guardians was held on Friday last at St. James’s Hall inreference to the Houseless Poor Act; Dr. Brewer presided. Aresolution was carried, declaring it to be desirable that thepresent Houseless Poor Act should be repealed and a moresuitable measure passed.EXTRAORDINARY FEMALE LONGEVITY. - The severely

cold weather which has so suddenly set in appears to be tellingseriously on the aged, judging from the obituarv in1J’he Timesof Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday last, where the deathsof 23 ladies and 8 gentlemen are recorded, whose unitedages amounted to 2632 years. Of the ladies, 23 were octoge-narians and three nonogenarians, whose united ages amountedto 1969 years, giving an average of 85 years and 7 months toeach. The oldest was 95 and the youngest 80 years of age.The united ages of the 8 gentlemen amounted to 663 years,giving an average of 82 years and 10 months to each. Theoldest was 86 and the youngest 80 years of age.THE SEWING MACHINE.-It may not be generally

known, but the fact deserves to be recorded in THE LANCET,that the principle of passing and arresting the thread inSinger’s sewing machine was taken from an instrument in-vented by a distinguished member of our profession, Mr. W.Rawlings Beaumont, of Toronto, an honorary fellow of theRoyal College of Surgeons of England, who used the ingeniousinstrument for passing sutures in vesico- and recto-vaginalfistula. Singer took his idea from Mr. Beaumont’s instrumentexhibited in the shop of Freeman, a surgical instrument makerin New York.

THE DODO.-At a meeting of the Zoological So-ciety, on the 9th of January last, Professor Owen read a papergiving a full account of the discovery, and describing in de-tail some bones of this wonderful extinct bird, theDidus ineptus,which formerly belonged to the Mauritius. During the pastautumn, a small morass, the "Mare aux Songes," has beendrained for agricultural purposes, and during the operationthese bones were discovered and collected by a gentleman re-siding near the spot, by whom they were sent to England fordisposal. This was done by Mr. Stevens, on Tuesday last,at his auction rooms, where they were submitted in nine lots,the first of which was knocked down for £15. Mr. Flower,the conservator of the Hunterian Museum, secured the nextmost interesting lot for £10. The University of Oxford pur-chased another lot for the same amount, and a small portionwent to Dublin. Altogether, the nine lots realised £ 83.

FiELD SURGERY.-Dr. Rennie, in his recently published" Bhotan and the Story of the Dooar War," calls attention tothe necessity of giving soldiers instruction in the smaller opera-tions of field surgery, such as stopping haemorrhage, &c. Heillustrates this need by the death of Lieutenant Urquhart,who, early in the attack on Dewangeri, had his femoral arterysevered by a jingal bullet. He fell into the arms of one of hismen, and bled to death before surgical aid could be procured,the sapper not knowing that by tying a handkerchief roundthe leg, immediately above the seat of the injury, and tighten-ing it by passing his ramrod underneath, and turning it roundonce or twice, the bleeding might have been arrested, and thelieutenant’s life spared.

PREVENTION OF HYDROPHOBIA.-It is suggested as apreventive of hydrophobia that the dog tax should be reducedto half of its present amount, and that all dogs should be

303

required to wear a chain curb collar, having a number stampedthereon, as well as the name of the town where it is issued.Such collars to be supplied by all tax-collectors at a charge ofIs. each, and the name and address of the owner of the doginserted in a register against the number of the collar issued.The police should be enjoined, and any individual be at liberty,to destroy at once any dog found straying at large having nocollar; and the constables should be allowed a reward of Is.for each dog so destroyed.

Obituary.JOHN CONOLLY, M.D.

ON the 5th of March, at his house in the village of Hanwell,near the asylum, in which he loved so well to work, andwhere he had effected so much good, died, at the age of seventy-one, John Conolly, a name that will long remain beloved andhonoured, as that of one of the foremost and most energeticin the humane task of ameliorating the condition of the

insane, and the abolition in their treatment of all physicalrestraint. A humane physician, an intelligent philanthropist,Dr. Conolly-to adopt the eloquent language of Lord Shaftes-bury-" had been called to do good work in his generation,and had answered to the call;" and his last days were madehappy by the realization of the wish of Lord Shaftesbury, ex-pressed on the same occasion, that he might feel " he had beeninstrumental in alleviating the miseries of mankind, and, underthe blessing of Almighty God, had served, and effectuallyserved, his fellow-creatures." "

Dr. Conolly was born on the 27th of May, 1794, at Market-Rasen, in Lincolnshire ; his father, a branch of the Conollysof Castletown in Ireland, died early, leaving the care andtraining of his family to their mother, awoman of much judg-ment and energy. Through this lady Dr. Conolly was con-nected with the family of D’Eyncourt, and with the PoetLaureate.

Dr. Conolly entered life at the age of eighteen as an ensignin a militia regiment. In 1818 he married Elizabeth, a daugh-ter of Sir John Collins ; and it marks the energy and deter-mination of his character that soon afterwards he entered him-self as a graduate in the University of Edinburgh, and took hisdegree with distinction in 1821, selecting "Insanity" as thesubject of his thesis in graduating as Doctor of Medicine.After some further prosecution of his medical studies in Paris,he engaged in the practice of his profession for a short time atChichester. He then removed to Stratford-upon-Avon ; he wasthere to some extent successful, and much liked, being twiceelected mayor of the town. In 1827 he came to London ; therehis charm of manner and his real talent engaged the attentionof Lord Brougham, and, mainly through that nobleman’s in-fluence, Dr. Conolly was appointed Professor of Medicine in theUniversity of London, a great distinction for so young a man.During the four years he retained this chair Dr. Conolly en-

gaged much in literary work, in conjunction with Dr. Tweedieand Sir John (then Dr.) Forbes ; he edited the " Cyclopaediaof Practical Medicine," contributing many articles. In 1830he published his first and best work, the " Indications of In-sanity." His other publications were, a work " On Asylums,"1847 ; a volume " On the Non-Restraint System," 1856 ; an"Essay on Hamlet," 1863 ; his admirable "Lectures" pub-lished in THE LANCET, and those delivered before theCollege of Physicians. There is much of his writing in theAnnual Reports of the Hanwell Asylum, 1839 to 1842. Thosewritten by him are models of composition and of sound prac-tical sense.In 1830 Dr. Conolly returned to the provinces, and be-

came inspecting physician to the asylums in Warwickshire. In1839 the great wish of his life was gratified by his appoint-ment as Physician to the Hanwell County Asylum.

In spite of his great and varied talent, Dr. Conolly wouldnever have attained any distinction as a general consultingphysician : the defects of his early training, his desultory edu-cation, and the late period of his life at which he entered uponthe study of medicine, combined to prevent his obtaining anymastery of its principles, or ever feeling that pleasure in itspractice without which no physician can hope to becomefamous.In his appointment to the direction of the Hanwell Asylum,

Dr. Conolly found the exact field fitted for his genius. He hadan intellect prompt at analysis : the functions of the mind inhealth, its deviations in disease, had been his favourite study.In his diagnosis of mental disorders he was singularly happy ;and the natural kindness and benevolence of his heart madethe system of treating the insane without mechanical restraint,which he inculcated with so much ardour and success, a labourof love indeed.

It is a mistake to suppose that Dr. Conolly originated thissystem. Without him it probably never would have attainedits present development, and might possibly have been strangledin its birth ; but to Dr. Conolly the merit belongs of in-

augurating a new feeling in relation to the insane-gentlenessand kindness, the utmost forbearance, the most tender pityfor those under his care, was the example he set and the lessonhe inculcated. A new school of physicians arose under hisauspices ; and, to again quote Lord Shaftesbury, Dr. Conolly" was an eminent instrument in a great work of wisdom andhumanity. "The labours of Dr. Conolly were fully appreciated by his

professional brethren. Few men had so many devoted friends.He was for years a Vice-president of the Medical Association,and on the unanimous vote of its members obtained the honourof the degree of D.C.L. from Oxford at the same time as SirJohn Forbes and Sir Charles Hastings. He was twice Presi-dent of the Medico-Psychological Association, and countedamong its members his most loved and cherished friends.

Dr. Conolly ceased to reside in the Hanwell Asylum in 1844,continuing to retain the title of its consulting physician. Hethen removed to Lawn House, Hanwell, and at various resi-dences in London obtained a very large consulting practicein cases of mental disease.

Dr. Conolly’s health had never been robust; he had sufferedmuch from rheumatic fever, which had left traces of heartdisease. Of late years he was unfitted for much exertion. Theproximate causes of those serious attacks which ultimatelyterminated his life was characteristic of his tender and sensi-tive feelings. In 1862 he lost a favourite grand-daughter.The day before the child’s funeral he spent an hour alone byits little coffin, weeping passionately ; the same night he wasattacked with convulsions of an epileptic character, followedby paralysis of the right side. In 1863 he had another similarseizure; and again a slighter one in 1864. Latterly his healthappeared to improve, and he talked of coming to reside inLondon. On Sunday, March the 4th, of this year, anotherslight attack was felt. This passed off, and no immediatedanger was apprehended; insensibility, with violent convul-sions, however, recurred on the morning of Monday, and,within an hour, the gentle and kindly spirit of John Conollyhad passed away to its everlasting home.

ANDREW MELVILLE M’WHINNIE, F.R.C.S.THis gentleman was articled pupil of the late Mr. Stanley,

and at an early age became one of the Demonstrators ofAnatomy at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. He was elected

assistant-surgeon to that establishment in 1852, but retiredbefore obtaining the surgeoncy. He was well informed, bothprofessionally and generally, but had with him a peculiarity ofmanner which interfered with his success as a lecturer. He

’

was of kind disposition, and had many friends, who saw withregret the depressing effect of the disease from which he ulti-mately died.

- .-

MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS.’ JULIUS ALTHAUS, M.D., M.B.C.P., has been appointed Physician to the London; Infirmary for Epilepsy and Paralysis, Charles-street, Portman-square.

Prof. R. BELL has been elected a Member of the Chemical Society.D. CALDERWOOD, L.R.C.S.Ed., has been elected Medical Officer for the 10th

District of the City of Glasgow Parish, vice D. Cannon, Surgeon, re-signed.

Dr. F. CAMPBELL has been elected a Member of the Anthropological Society.i

E. CARVER, M.B., F.R.C.8.E., of St. John’s College, has been appointed De-monstrator of Anatomy in the University of Cambridge.

A. CoLLIE, M.D., has been appointed Assistant Medical Officer to the LondonFever Hospital.

Mr. W. H. CORFIELD has been elected a Member of the Chemical Society.Mr. F. S. DEwsof has been appointed Resident Dispenser at the Queen’s

! Hospital, Birmingham, vice Mr. G. Smith, resigned.. C. B. Fox, M.D., M.R.C.P., has been elected a Fellow of the Obstetricall Society of London.

H. S. GALE, M.B., has been elected Medical Officer to the Western District,

of the Poplar Union.F. W. GIBSON, M.B., has been appointed Assistant Medical Officer to the

; Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum, near Wokingham, Berks.Dr. J. MonRis has been appointed Medical Officer and Public Vaccinator for

the Inkberrow District of the Alcester Union, vice Mr. G. P. Dunn, re-signed.