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concluded with declarations of loyalty which were receivedwith cheers for His Imperial Majesty. The elections thentook place, Dr. Stekoulis being re-elected President. In the

evening 23 members dined together to celebrate the forty-fourth anniversary of the society.

Mortality in Constantinople.The mortality returns for January show a total of 1445

deaths, of which 887 were of Mussulmans (444 males and 443females), 474 of Christians (272 males and 202 females), and 84of Israelites (40 males and 44 females). Unusually fine as thewinter has been this year there is, nevertheless, much illnessabout, more especially pneumonia and other affections of therespiratory organs brought on by imprudent exposure andcarelessness. During last week 53 deaths-nearly 18 percent. of the total-were due to diseases of this character.

Small-pox.In view of the spread of small-pox in different parts of the

metropolis, 14 deaths from this cause having occurred lastweek, an Imperial Irade has been issued which orders

especial precautions and efficient measures to be takenagainst the spread of the disease. Public vaccinators havebeen appointed whose duty will be to visit every quarter ofthe city and compulsorily vaccinate the pupils of differentschools as well as grown-up persons. Some of the thicklypopulated quarters are in an excessively unhygienic condi-tion and the authorities are trying to cleanse the streets.I am sorry to record that the British Postmaster, Mr.Frederick Stewart Cobb, died on Feb. 16th at the FrenchHospital, at the age of 56 years. Mr. Cobb was takenunwell on Feb. 7th and small-pox declared itself on

Feb. 10th, when he was at once conveyed to the French

Hospital. Being unfortunately in a very enfeebled stateof health he was unable to offer much resistance to thedisease. His death is a calamity for the British colonyhere.Feb. 21st.

Medical News.ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND:

FELLOWSHIP EXAMINATION. — The following candidateshaving passed the necessary examination have been admittedFellows of the College :-Mr. J. Knox Denham, L.R.C.S. Irel., Mr. E. J. Moore, L.R.C.S. Irel., Iand Mr. T. G. Stevens, L.R.C.S.Irel.

The following candidates have passed the primary part of theexamination for the Fellowship of the College :- ’

Mr. R. J. Coulter, B.Ch. R.U.I., Mr. J. P. Frengley, B.Ch. R.U.L.,Mr. R. D. Joyce, M.R.C.S. Eng., Mr. C. R. Boyce, Mr. E. Glenny,Mr. P. J. Hanafin, Mrs. H. L. Hennessy, Mr. J. M. S. Levis, andMr. J. F. Peart.

APOTHECARIES’ HALL OF IRELAND.—The follow-ing candidates have passed the recent examinations for theLicence in Medicine, Surgery, and Midwifery :-Physiology.-S. Adye Curran and L. J. Farrell.llnatomy.-S. Adye Curran and A. J. Barnes.Material Medica.—A. J. Barnes.Pa.thology.-W. P. Harding.Surgery.—W.W. Feris.Midwifery.—W. W. Feris.Ophthalmic Surgey.-W. W. Feris.Completed third professional examination.-W. P. Harding.The following have received the diploma of the Hall :-F. G. Adye

Curran, W. P. Delahunt, J. D. Power, M. P. O’Brien, and J. J. Ahern.

VACCINATION AT GLOUCESTER.-At the meetingof the Gloucester Board of Guardians held on Feb. 21st it wasdecided by 28 to 15 votes to rescind a former resolution withregard to vaccination and the appointment of publicvaccinators and to proceed to the appointment of a vaccina-tion officer and public vaccinator for No. 1 district and tootherwise carry out the requirements of the General Order ofthe Local Government Board in regard to vaccination.

CREDITON BOARD OF GUARDIANS AND MIDWIFERYFEES.-At the meeting of the Crediton Board of Guardiansheld on Feb. 18th the case of Mr. Haycroft, M.R.C.S. Eng., iand the midwifery fee which was reported in THE LANCET i

of Feb. 18th was discussed. A member moved a resolutionthat the case be carried to a higher court. This wasseconded, hut an amendment moved by Sir John Shelley thatthe matter be dropped was carried by a large majority.

Up to the present £1287 have been received bythe council of the Hospibal Sunday Fund at Bristol.

MEMORIAL TO THE LATE DR. MARSHALL.—The-Dean of Bristol has received L400 towards erecting amemorial to the late Dr. Henry Marshall of Clifton. With,this sum a tablet to the memory of the deceased has bee&bgr;

placed in the Bristol Cathedral and the remainder has beeninvested. The dividends of this are to be devoted to anannual prize to be given to the best dresser of four years"standing at the Bristol General Hospital, of which institution.the late Dr. Marshall was formerly consulting surgeon.

CHRONIC ARSENICAL POISONING.-At the meet-ing of the Tavistock Board of Guardians held on Feb. 24th.Mr. C. C. Brodrick, medical officer of health of the Tavis--tock rural district, and Mr. A. Bowhay, medical officer ofhealth of the Calstock rural district, presented a reportupon the pauperism prevailing among families of men,

formerly employed in arsenic works at Calstock. Theyattributed this to the early age at which arsenic worker&were disabled through inhaling arsenical fumes and made-suggestions for their better protection while at work. The-

guardians decided to send copies of the report to the LocalGovernment Board and managers of arsenic works in the*district.

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. - Sir William.Mac Cormac will publish immediately, through Messrs..Smith, Elder, and Co., the " Hunterian Oration " which hedelivered on Feb. 14th at the Royal College of Surgeons ofEngland in the presence of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.--G. P. Putnam’s Sons announce the publication of a new-

quarterly journal devoted to the interests of anthropology.This periodical which has been established under the auspices*of Section H of the American Association for the Advance-ment of Science, to which section is given over the study ofanthropology will be issued under the title of " The-American Anthropologist (New Series) " and the secretaryand managing editor is Mr. F. W. Hodge, 1333, "F "-street,.N.W., Washington, D.C.

ACTION AGAINST A DENTIST.-The case ofWilkins v. Hayman and Kendall was tried at the BristolAssizes before Mr. Justice Mathew on Feb. 21st. The-plaintiff claimed damages against Mr. H. Hayman,L.D.S.R.C.S. Eng., and Mr. H. Kendall, L.R.C.P. Lond.,.M.R.C.S. Eng., for negligence. Evidence showed that,

plaintiff consulted Mr. Hayman in reference to his teeth,and he was advised to have some removed under ether.This anæthetic was administered by Mr. Kendall and the-plaintiff alleged that Mr. Hayman removed more teeth thanhe (Wilkins) agreed to and that Mr. Kendall gave too much,ether and left him before he had recovered from it.Witnesses stated that the plaintiff had suffered from asevere attack of malaria contracted abroad and that afterthe operation there was a considerable amount of h2emor-rhage and that a portion of a tooth was left in the mouth.The defence was that the dentist was authorised to remove-what teeth were necessary, that the plaintiff was sufficientlyrecovered after the operation to speak to the defendants-who had left their addresses with the patient’s friends incase their services should be required. The plaintiff’s.friends, however, sent for his regular medical attendant.Eventually after two minutes’ deliberation the jury returneda verdict for the defendants with cutss.

MANCHESTER HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTION.-The-annual meeting of this institution was held on Feb. 21st.when the report of the board of management was receivedand passed unanimously. It stated that the total cost ofthe in-patient department was E1894 16s., as againstS2027 2s. 3d. in 1897. The increased cost was due to thefact that from Jan. 1st until July 31st the women’s wardswere entirely closed owing to the alterations, while no-

reduction could be made in the permanent staff. The open-air treatment now so generally recommended was about to betried at the hospital at Bowdon through the liberality of thechairman. This would be one of the first hospitals in this-country at which this system would be tried. The report of-the medical board regarding the out-patient departmentstated that although the number of the total attendances ofpatients did not reach the record of 1894, yet the number ofnew patients treated was considerably above the average ofpreceding years. The number of new patients was 10,914.

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Of these patients over 3000 were suffering from phthisisand other tuberculous affections, over 1000 from diseasespredisposing to phthisis, over 2000 from diseases of the upperair-passages, and over 2000 from other diseases of the lungs.It was announced that an offer had been made to builda. hospital to contain 100 beds, on the condition that it wasmaintained by the public of Manchester.

ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS.-The Irish can-didates at the recent examination were remarkably fortunate.The 4 Licentiates of the Royal College of Surgeons inIreland secured first and second places together with sixother places out of the 24 vacancies.

POISONING BY COAL-GAS.-The Maryland MedicalJournal of Feb. 18th states that Dr. Robert C. Stewart, aprominent physician of Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, wasaccidentally asphyxiated by illuminating gas at his home.Dr. Stewart graduated at the University of Pennsylvaniain 1872.

PRESENTATION TO A MEDICAL MAN. - OnFeb. 18th in the board-room of Dulwich College Mr. E. R.Ray, M.R.C.S. Eng., on the occasion of his leaving the neigh-bourhood of Dulwich, was presented with a silver bowland salver, together with a cheque for £116. This testi-monial was largely subscribed by Mr. Ray’s patients, many ofwhom had received his advice and attention for a period of30 years.

THE SURGICAL HOME FOR BOYS, BANSTEAD.-The annual meeting of the above useful institution washeld at Banstead on Feb. 25th. There were 21 littlepatients in the home, all looking bright and happy, underthe excellent management and nursing of Miss Chinnery, thematron. 85 new cases had been received during the year.Only one death had occurred and that from a disease whichcould not have been prevented. The home contains 25 beds.The majority of the patients are sent in from London hos-pitals. The building stands in its own grounds. The fine,pure, dry air of Banstead proves particularly beneficial tothe many cases of tuberculous disease sent to the home.

MANCHESTER’S LATEST SEWAGE SCHEME.-Mr.Baldwin Latham has estimated the cost of the proposedbacteria beds for Manchester, consisting of 60 acres, withall necessary adjuncts for dealing with the sewage from’600,000 persons, together with the storm water, at £300,000.The city will be saved from .E8000 to .f:.10,000 spentannually on chemicals, and Mr. Baldwin Latham says therecan be no doubt that the proposed works will be successfuland will relieve Manchester from all future embarrassmentso far as the purification of the sewage is concerned. The

report will be considered at the next meeting of the Council.

THE CRUSADE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS IN MAN--CHESTER.-On Feb. 25th the inaugural meeting of the YorkAssociation for the Prevention of Consumption was held.at Manchester. The Lord Mayor of York, who presided,was supported by Mr. Malcolm Morris, F.R.C.S. Edin.,Dr. Jane Walker (London), the Dean of York, Mr.J. G. Butcher, Q.C., M.P., Dr. Tempest Anderson, J.P.,Mr. F. Shann, Dr. James Ramsay, Mr. W. H. Jalland, J.P.,the Rev. Canon Watson, the Rev. Canon Argles, Mr. W.Draper, the Rev. F. A. Russell, the Rev. J. S. Pawlyn,Mr. Alderman J. S. Rymer, J.P., Mr. R. Kay, Mr. W.F. H. Thomson, J.P., hon. treasurer, and Mr. H. M.Platnauer and Dr. E. Smith, hon. secretaries pro tem.The following rules of constitution were adopted. Themethods of working are as follows : (1) Familiar and wellillustrated lectures given in schoolrooms, drawing-rooms, atmothers’ meetings, &c., on the prevention of phthisisand on the rules of health generally ; (2) the distribution ofleaflets and other forms of literature bearing upon thesubject ; (3) assisting the sanitary authorities in carryingout sanitary improvements by calling their attentionto any particular insanitary conditions; (4) the collection ofstatistics and other information bearing upon the occurrenceof phthisis and other tuberculous diseases; and (5) the pro-motion of open-air sanatoria in the district. The council ofassociation for the ensuing 12 months will be :-President: theRight Hon. the Lord Mayor of York, ex-officio. Vice-presi-dents : the Very Rev. the Dean of York, the Earl of Fever-sham, Lord Deramore, the Sheriff of York (ex-officio), Mr.J. G. Butcher, Q.C., M.P., Lord Charles Beresford, M.P., Rev.Canon Watson, Rev. F. A. Russell, Hon. Reginald Parker,

Sir C. A. Milward, J.P., the President of the York MedicalSociety (ex-officio), the Senior Member of the HonoraryMedical Staff of the York County Hospital, the SeniorMember of the Honorary Medical Staff of the Dispensary,the City Medical Officer of Health (ex-officio), Mr. J. S.Rowntree; Hon. Mrs. Wilkinson, Mrs. Edwin Gray, Mrs.Jalland, Mrs. Phillip Newman, Miss Wilkinson, Dr. Tempest’Anderson, J.P., Mr. Butterfield, Dr. Evelyn, Mr. EdwinGray, Capt. Dunnington-Jefferson, Mr. W. H. Jalland, J.P.,Mr. Robert Kay, Dr. Macdonald, Dr. James Ramsay, andRev. H. Robinson ; honorary treasurer, Mr. W. F. H.Thomson, J.P.; honorary secretary, Dr. Macdonald.

CHESHIRE FARMERS AND THE MANCHESTER MILK-SUPPLY.-At the meeting of the Cheshire Chamber of Agri-culture held at Crewe on Feb. 19th the Manchester proposalsfor securing pure milk were again criticised. The secretary,Mr. C. B. Davies, read a paper setting forth the objections ina very moderate tone. Resolutions were passed (1) in favour ofany action dealing with tuberculosis in cattle being national,not looal ; (2) against power being granted to a local autho-rity to enter any cowshed within the area of another localauthority for examining or inspecting cows kept therein ;(3) that only duly qualified veterinary surgeons be authorisedto act as inspectors or examiners of cattle under theseregulations ; (4) that in case of temporary disease of theudder rendering milk unfit for human coa sumption, onrecovery inspection shall take place within 24 heurs of anintimation to that effect, and if the eow is healthy a certifi-cate to that effect shall be given ; and (5) that " ’compensationshall be paid for animals condemned by an inspector of alocal authority as tuberculous and whose milk is unfit forhuman consumption." As first proposed the last resolutioncontained conditions which would have prevented some

possible abuses.WEST-END HOSPITAL FOR DISEASES OF THE

NERVOUS SYSTEM, EPILEPSY, AND PARALYSIS. - OnFeb. 28th the children’s wards of this hospital were

re-opened by Her Grace the Duchess of Devonshire beforea distinguished audience of ladies and gentlemen interestedin the welfare of the hospital. Her grace was present at ameeting held in the large out-patients’ room at the hospitalwhich was elegantly decorated with palms and exotics.The daughter of the chairman, Mr. G. E. Porter, havingpresented the Duchess with a bouquet of choice flowers,the chairman addressed the meeting, calling attention to thecircumstances which led to their meeting, and after giving abrief history of the hospital which was founded in 1878called upon the "senior physician, Dr. T. Outterson Woodwho drew attention to the large increase in the number ofpatients and the work being done at the hospital and advo-cated a further extension of the building to meet theincreased demand for the accommodation of in-patients’.Colonel Boxall, C.B., having proposed a vote of thanks to theDuchess for her attendance, and this having been secondedby General T. W. Mercer and carried with acclamation, theRev. F. A. Ormsby pronounced the Doxology and the

meeting terminated.

Parliamentary Intelligence.HOUSE OF COMMONS.

THURSDAY, FEB. 23RD.Enteric Fever in India.

GENERAL RusSELL asked the Secretary of State for India whether hecould state the result of the iivestigations which on May 5th, 1898, hestated were then proceeding ralative to the causes of the great increaseof enteric fever among Europeans living in India ; whether he couldstate the number of cases that occurred in the years 1897 and 1898 andhow many ended fatally, or if he had any objection to a return beingmade furnishing these particulars ; and whether it was true that inocula-tion had ,been :widely introduced as a preventive against the disease.-Lord GEORGE HAMILTON replied: I am unable at present to add any-thing material to the information which I gave my hon. and gallantfriend on May 5th last on the subject of enteric fever in India. Thematter continues to engage the attention of the military and medicalauthorities. Inoculation has not, however, been adopted as a pre-ventive. The number of cases of, and deaths from, enteric fever amongthe troops in India for 1897 will be shown in the report of the ArmyMedical Department for that year which may be expected shortly ; thefigures for 1898 will not be available for some time to come.

Dispensary Doctors in Ireland.Mr. HAYDEN asked the Attorney-General for Ireland whether the

Local Government Board for Ireland ;had acted within its powers in