1225 always held in highest veneration. For eight years this work was technically occasional only, but it took up most of his time. One of his earliest inquiries was into the working of the Vaccination Laws, and he then acquired that profound belief in the protective power of that operation which he maintained to the end of his career. He also reported on typhus fever and other ques- tions arising out of the Cotton Famine, and it was at this period of his life that, whilst studying the influence upon mortality of large works of public health that he wrote his classical reports to show how the death-rate from phthisis had been reduced in proportion to the lowering of the subsoil water by means of works of sewerage. In 1869 Sir George Buchanan permanently joined the public health service of the State, and in December, 1879 he succeeded to the post of principal medical officer formerly held by Sir John ’Simon and Dr. Seaton. From that date his work was mainly administrative, and it included the organisation of a Cholera Survey of the country during the Earopean epidemic of 1884-85, which was renewed with such success in 1892-94. But the annual reports which he issued as medical officer show that be was ever at work at the scientific aspects of preventive medicine, and they abound in introductory papers from his pen which placed him in the rank of the foremost sani- tarians of the world. When he resigned his official position he was still glad to work to the utmost of his ability. He had duties as a Member of the Senate of the University of London ; he took an active interest in the work and welfare of the Court of Assistants of the Society of Apothecaries; he advised the Grocers’ Company as to their Research Scholar- ships ; and he served on the Royal Commission on Taber- culosis. When Lord Basing, the chairman of that Commission, died, Sir George Buchanan was asked to take his place; and at this juncture he had to decide between at once submitting to an operation to relieve the serious progress of his malady and his desire, as he himself put it, to serve the Queen as long as he could. The latter motive overcame all other con- siderations, and only the other day he submitted to Her Majesty the report of the Commission. This little incident is, indeed, the key to his life’s history. He loved work for work’s sake, and this, above all, when it tended to the welfare of others. He was never self-seeking, but he always aimed to promote the advancement and welfare of those who worked with and under him. Though the State did but little to recognise his merits, others sought to honour ’him as best they could. The University of Edinburgh con- ferred on him the honorary LL. D. ; and his numerous friends established the "George Buchanan" Gold Medal of the Royal Society. It was on his retirement only that he received the honour of knighthood. The first part of the service connected with his burial was I conducted by the Rev. Llewellyn Davies at St. Martin’s-in-the- Fields on Thursday, and the second part at the Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey. At one or other of these services many ,, of his friends were present. Most of his colleagues at White- tall, including Dr. Thorne Thorne, C.B., F.R.S., and Mr. W. H. Power, F.R.S., were present. The President of the Local Government Board was represented by his private ’, secretary, Mr. H. C. Monro ; the secretarial department and ’’ the general staff were represented ; and amongst others present were Sir Anthony Home, V.C , K.C.B., and Professor ’, Michael Foster, Secretary to the Royal Society. CARL VOGT. THis distinguished German biologist died at Geneva on May 6th at the advanced age of seventy-eight. He was born at Giessen on July 5th, 1817, and was the son of Philipp Friedrich William Vogt of Bern, a well - known Swiss pharmacologist. He studied under Valentin, and early devoted himself to physiology. In 1839 he went to Neufcbatel and assisted Agassiz in various zootomical researches, in particular contributing the whole of the first part of Agassiz and Desor’s great work on I ’Freshwater Fishes of Central Europe." In addition, he wrote at this period his work "On Mountain and Glacier " (1843), " Text-book of Geology and Paleontology (1846), the last edition of which was published in 1879, and Physiological Letters " (1845). In 1844 he went to Paris, where he remained for two years, then visited Italy, living at Rome and Nice, and returned to Germany in the summer of 1847. He was appointed privat- docent at Giessen, but the revolution of 1848 arrested his professional career. He threw himself with ardour into the movement as a democrat, was elected Colonel of the Civic Guard of Giessen, and became a Deputy to the German National Assembly, where he distinguished himself as a brilliant orator and an untiring advocate of democratic progress. He followed P Mliament on its transfer to Stutt- gart, and was one of the ablest as well as one of the last supporters of the National party. He was compelled, how- ever, to fly from Germany, and returned to Bern and Nice, where he resumed his zoological studies, the fruits of which were contained in his " Ocean and Mediterranean Sea." In 1852 he was nominated Professor of Geology at Geneva, and was subsequently appointed to the chair of Zoology in that city. He from this time identified himself with the civic life of Switzerland, becoming a member both of the Federal and National Councils. He was a voluminous writer, as, in addition to the works quoted above, he wrote " Pictures of Animal Life," "Researches upon Animal Com- munities," which contained much covert satire on political life; "Superstition and Science," a book advocating strong ma,terialistic ideas and directed against the views of Wagner, Zoological Letters," "Artificial Fish Culture," "Lectures on Useful and Noxious Animals," and many others. In 1861 he conducted a scientific expedition to the North Cape. He was one of the earliest men of standing and science in Germany to accept the views of Darwin, and was a consistent and zealous supporter of them. GEORGE LAFFAN, M.D., M.Ch. R.U.I, SURGEON-MAJOR, ARMY MEDICAL STAFF. WE regret to announce the death of Surgeon-Major Laffan, which took place on April 27th in the Presidency of Madras. He was born in county Coik in 1845, and studied medicine in Qaeen’s College, Cork, graduating as M.D. in 1876. In the following year he entered the Army Medical Service, and became surgeon-major in 1889. Surgeon-Major Laffan took part in the Soudan Expedition of 1884-85, and in the Manipur Expedition of 1891, his services in each of these operations gaining him the award of a medal with clasp. SAMUEL DAVIDSON, M.D. ABERD., M.R.C.S. ENG. BY the death of Dr. Samuel Davidson of Meikle Wartle, Aberdeenshire, which took place on April 30th, our profes- sion loses a venerable and highly respected member. The deceased gentleman, who had attained his eighty-third year and was the oldest medical practitioner in the county, having outlived most of his early contemporaries, became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England as far back as 1834, and graduated as M.D. at Aberdeen in 1857. For the greater part of his life he resided at Meikle Wartle and enjoyed a considerable practice carried on throughout an extensive rural district, where he was regarded by all classes as a sound adviser and a trusty friend. , Medical News. UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD: EXAMINATIONS IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY, TRINITY TERM, 1895.-The Regius Professor of Medicine gives notice that the following exami- nations will take place in Trinity Term on each day at 10 A.lsz. :- Final Examinationfor the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.-To com- mence on Monday. June 10th, in the examination schools. Examination for the Degree of Master in Surgery.-To commence on Wednesday, June 19th. First Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.-To com- mence on Friday, June 28th. The secretary to the Board of Faculties gives notice that he will receive the names of candidates-either by letter, at any time not later than the under-mentioned days respectively, or from the candidates in person-at his office in the Clarendon-building as follows :— 1. Final Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.-Fee £1 11s. 6d. On Saturday, May 25th, from 9.30 A.M. till 10.30 A.M. 2. Examination for the Degree oj hsaater in Surgery.-Fee £5. On Wednesday, June 5th, from 9.30 A.M. till 10.30 A.M.
Transcript
1225
always held in highest veneration. For eight years thiswork was technically occasional only, but it took up mostof his time. One of his earliest inquiries was into the
working of the Vaccination Laws, and he then acquiredthat profound belief in the protective power of that
operation which he maintained to the end of hiscareer. He also reported on typhus fever and other ques-tions arising out of the Cotton Famine, and it was at
this period of his life that, whilst studying the influenceupon mortality of large works of public health that hewrote his classical reports to show how the death-rate fromphthisis had been reduced in proportion to the lowering ofthe subsoil water by means of works of sewerage. In 1869Sir George Buchanan permanently joined the public healthservice of the State, and in December, 1879 he succeeded tothe post of principal medical officer formerly held by Sir John’Simon and Dr. Seaton. From that date his work was mainlyadministrative, and it included the organisation of a CholeraSurvey of the country during the Earopean epidemic of 1884-85,which was renewed with such success in 1892-94. But theannual reports which he issued as medical officer show thatbe was ever at work at the scientific aspects of preventivemedicine, and they abound in introductory papers from hispen which placed him in the rank of the foremost sani-tarians of the world. When he resigned his official positionhe was still glad to work to the utmost of his ability. Hehad duties as a Member of the Senate of the University ofLondon ; he took an active interest in the work and welfareof the Court of Assistants of the Society of Apothecaries; headvised the Grocers’ Company as to their Research Scholar-ships ; and he served on the Royal Commission on Taber-culosis. When Lord Basing, the chairman of that Commission,died, Sir George Buchanan was asked to take his place; andat this juncture he had to decide between at once submittingto an operation to relieve the serious progress of his maladyand his desire, as he himself put it, to serve the Queen aslong as he could. The latter motive overcame all other con-siderations, and only the other day he submitted toHer Majesty the report of the Commission. This littleincident is, indeed, the key to his life’s history. He lovedwork for work’s sake, and this, above all, when it tended tothe welfare of others. He was never self-seeking, but healways aimed to promote the advancement and welfare ofthose who worked with and under him. Though the Statedid but little to recognise his merits, others sought to honour’him as best they could. The University of Edinburgh con-ferred on him the honorary LL. D. ; and his numerous friendsestablished the "George Buchanan" Gold Medal of the
Royal Society. It was on his retirement only that he received the honour of knighthood. The first part of the service connected with his burial was I
conducted by the Rev. Llewellyn Davies at St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields on Thursday, and the second part at the BrookwoodCemetery in Surrey. At one or other of these services many ,,
of his friends were present. Most of his colleagues at White- tall, including Dr. Thorne Thorne, C.B., F.R.S., and Mr. W. H. Power, F.R.S., were present. The President of theLocal Government Board was represented by his private ’,secretary, Mr. H. C. Monro ; the secretarial department and ’’
the general staff were represented ; and amongst otherspresent were Sir Anthony Home, V.C , K.C.B., and Professor ’,Michael Foster, Secretary to the Royal Society.
CARL VOGT.
THis distinguished German biologist died at Geneva onMay 6th at the advanced age of seventy-eight. He was bornat Giessen on July 5th, 1817, and was the son of PhilippFriedrich William Vogt of Bern, a well - known Swiss
pharmacologist. He studied under Valentin, and early devotedhimself to physiology. In 1839 he went to Neufcbatel andassisted Agassiz in various zootomical researches, in
particular contributing the whole of the first part of Agassizand Desor’s great work on I ’Freshwater Fishes of CentralEurope." In addition, he wrote at this period his work "OnMountain and Glacier " (1843), " Text-book of Geology andPaleontology (1846), the last edition of which was publishedin 1879, and Physiological Letters " (1845). In 1844 hewent to Paris, where he remained for two years, then visitedItaly, living at Rome and Nice, and returned to Germanyin the summer of 1847. He was appointed privat-docent at Giessen, but the revolution of 1848 arrested his
professional career. He threw himself with ardour into themovement as a democrat, was elected Colonel of the CivicGuard of Giessen, and became a Deputy to the GermanNational Assembly, where he distinguished himself as a
brilliant orator and an untiring advocate of democraticprogress. He followed P Mliament on its transfer to Stutt-gart, and was one of the ablest as well as one of the lastsupporters of the National party. He was compelled, how-ever, to fly from Germany, and returned to Bern and Nice,where he resumed his zoological studies, the fruits of whichwere contained in his " Ocean and Mediterranean Sea." In1852 he was nominated Professor of Geology at Geneva,and was subsequently appointed to the chair of Zoologyin that city. He from this time identified himselfwith the civic life of Switzerland, becoming a member bothof the Federal and National Councils. He was a voluminouswriter, as, in addition to the works quoted above, he wrote" Pictures of Animal Life," "Researches upon Animal Com-munities," which contained much covert satire on politicallife; "Superstition and Science," a book advocating strongma,terialistic ideas and directed against the views of Wagner,Zoological Letters," "Artificial Fish Culture," "Lectureson Useful and Noxious Animals," and many others. In 1861he conducted a scientific expedition to the North Cape. Hewas one of the earliest men of standing and science inGermany to accept the views of Darwin, and was a consistentand zealous supporter of them.
GEORGE LAFFAN, M.D., M.Ch. R.U.I,SURGEON-MAJOR, ARMY MEDICAL STAFF.
WE regret to announce the death of Surgeon-Major Laffan,which took place on April 27th in the Presidency of Madras.He was born in county Coik in 1845, and studied medicinein Qaeen’s College, Cork, graduating as M.D. in 1876. In
the following year he entered the Army Medical Service, andbecame surgeon-major in 1889. Surgeon-Major Laffan tookpart in the Soudan Expedition of 1884-85, and in the ManipurExpedition of 1891, his services in each of these operationsgaining him the award of a medal with clasp.
SAMUEL DAVIDSON, M.D. ABERD., M.R.C.S. ENG.BY the death of Dr. Samuel Davidson of Meikle Wartle,
Aberdeenshire, which took place on April 30th, our profes-sion loses a venerable and highly respected member. Thedeceased gentleman, who had attained his eighty-third yearand was the oldest medical practitioner in the county,having outlived most of his early contemporaries, became aMember of the Royal College of Surgeons of England as farback as 1834, and graduated as M.D. at Aberdeen in 1857.For the greater part of his life he resided at Meikle Wartleand enjoyed a considerable practice carried on throughout anextensive rural district, where he was regarded by all classesas a sound adviser and a trusty friend.
,
Medical News.UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD: EXAMINATIONS IN
MEDICINE AND SURGERY, TRINITY TERM, 1895.-The RegiusProfessor of Medicine gives notice that the following exami-nations will take place in Trinity Term on each day at10 A.lsz. :-Final Examinationfor the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.-To com-mence on Monday. June 10th, in the examination schools.
Examination for the Degree of Master in Surgery.-To commence onWednesday, June 19th.
First Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.-To com-mence on Friday, June 28th.
The secretary to the Board of Faculties gives notice thathe will receive the names of candidates-either by letter, atany time not later than the under-mentioned days respectively,or from the candidates in person-at his office in the
Clarendon-building as follows :—1. Final Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.-Fee
£1 11s. 6d. On Saturday, May 25th, from 9.30 A.M. till 10.30 A.M.2. Examination for the Degree oj hsaater in Surgery.-Fee £5. On
Wednesday, June 5th, from 9.30 A.M. till 10.30 A.M.
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3. First Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.-OnFriday, June 14th, from 9.30 A.M. till 10.30 A.M.
Fee for Organic Chemistry and Materia Medica 16s. each, and for theremaining subjects £1 11s. 6d.
Names must be transmitted or given in on one of theforms issued for that purpose. These forms can be had onapplication at the secretary’s office. Candidates whosenames have not been received at the above-mentioned timescan still be admitted to examination on payment of anadditional fee of two guineas, provided that their forms andfees reach the secretary at his office before noon on Thurs-day, June 6tb, for (1) ; on Saturday, June 15th, for (2) ; andon Monday, June 24th, for (3). Candidates for the finalexamination must have passed the several subjects of thefirst examination-viz., (1) Organic Chemistry, (2) MateriaMedica and Pharmacy, (3) Human Anatomy, and (4) HumanPhysiology; but any candidate who has obtained a first orsecond class in Animal Physiology in the Honour Schoolof Natural Science is exempt from Human Physiology,and any candidate who has obtained a first or secondclass in Chemistry in the Honour School of NaturalScience is exempt from Organic Chemistry. Candidateswho passed all the examinations for the degree of B.A. beforethe end of Trinity Term, 1886, and who were registered asmedical students on or before March 16th, 1886, are exemptfrom Organic Chemistry. Candidates for the examinationfor the degree of Master in Surgery, if they be not alreadymembers of the surgical staff of a recognised hospital, mustproduce a certificate countersigned by the Regius Professorof Medicine of having acted in such a hospital as dresser orhouse surgeon for six months. Candidates for the firstexamination must have passed in all the subjects of the Pre-liminary Examination-viz., (1) Mechanics and Physics,(2) Chemistry; (3) Animal Morphology ; and (4) Botany ; butany candidate who passed all the examinations for the
degree of B.A. before the end of Trinity Term, 1886, or anycandidate who obtained a class in Animal Morphology, orAnimal Physiology, or Botany in the Honour School ofNatural Science in or before Trinity Term, 1888, is exemptfrom Animal Morphology and Botany.
UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM : FACULTY OF MEDI-CINE.—The following candidates aatiafied the examiners atthe First Examination for the Degree of Bachelor in Medicineat the College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in April,1895 :I.-Elementary Anatomy and Physiology, Chemistry with ChemicalPhysics, and Botany with Medical Botany.-John Robert llcKinlay,Westminster Hospital; and Bertram Crossfield Stevens, St.Thomas’s Hospital.
2.-Anatomy and Physiology.-Thomas Harold Gibbs, College ofMedicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
3.-Chemistry with Chemical Physics, and Botany 2vilh MedicaiBotany.-Vincent Burrow, St. Mary’s Hospital; Francis WardCrossman and Henry Reginald Ellis, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital ;Thomas Haylock Hulme, London Hospital; and Stanley Southam,Owens College, Manchester.
4.-Botany with Medical Botany.-Charles Henry Dickens, M.R.C.S.L.R.C.P., St. Thomas’s Hospital.
The following passed under the New Regulations :-1.—ELEMENTARY ANATOMY AXD BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, AND PHYSICS.Second-class Honours.-Robert Lowis Routledge and Carl Wahlgrelvon Bergen, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Pass List.-Arthur Samuel Arthur, Thomas Pousford Cann, Henr;Edward Davison, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-TyneThomas Stokoe Elliot, Cooke’s School of Anatomy ; Henry Eggleston, James Andrew Hartigan, James McConnell, College o
Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; and Edgar Sheldon WilkinsonSt. Bartholomew’s Hospital.
2.-ELEMENTARY ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY.William Cowan Brown, Henry Adamson Fielden, Lawrence FieldeHemmans, Ernest Inman, Hugh Robert Kendal, Guy BrougharPicton, all of the College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
3.—CHEMISTRY PHYSICS.Thomas Blandford Watson, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upoJTyne.
4.-BIOLOGY AND PHYSICS.William Henry Isaacs Bathurst, King’s College.
5.-ELEMENTARY ANATOMY, CHEMISTRY, AND PHYSICS.Francis Gerrard Hamilton Cooke, Cooke’s School of Anatomy.
The following passed the Second Examination for tldegree of Bachelor in Medicine :-
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND MATERIA MEDICA.Second-class Honours.-John Robert McKinlay, Francis William RiWestminster Hospital; and John Aston Swindale, Mason CollegBirmingham.
Pass List.-Thomas George Drabble Adams, Walter Osborne ArnolCollege of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Charles Henry DickerSt. Thomas’s Hospital ; Frank Chubb Ford, St. BartholomevHospital; Thomas Haylock Hulme, London Hospital; Hen
Herbert Markham, Daniel Wells Patterson, Walter Angustus.Peverley,1’heodore John Phillips, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Charles Seaver Smith, Mason College, Birmingham and Robert Alfred Wilson and Thomas Woodman, College ofMedicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
At the Convocation held on Saturday, April 27th, the-following gentlemen were recommended for the Degree ofDoctor in Medicine for practitioners of fifteen years’ standing,viz. :-William Percy Ashe, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.; Edward Ferrand, L.R.C.P.,M.R.C.S.; Stanford Harris, M.R.C.S., L.S.A.; Benjamin Jones.L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.; Henry Arthur Latimer, M.R.C.S., L.S.A.William Moxon, L.R.C.S.Edin., M.R.C.S.; John Taylor, L.R.C.P.Edin., L.F.P.S. Glasg. ; Ebenezer Stanley Smith, M.R.C.S,]L.R.C.P.; and Thomas Frederic Young, M.R.C.S., L.S.A.
The following gentlemen were recommended for the Degreof Doctor in Medicine, viz. :-George Henry Vane Appleby, M.B., B.S. Durh. ; Francis William
Fullerton, M.B., B.S. Durh., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.; Reginald Green,M.B., B.S.Durh.; Walter William Hodgins, M.B., B.S.Durh.M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. ; William Harvey Maidlow, M.B., B.S.Durh.,F.R.C.S.; and Francis Herbert Marson, M.B., B.S. Durh., M.R.C.S..L.It.C.P.
The following gentleman was recommended for the Degreeof Doctor in Hygiene, viz. :-William Henry Turnbull, M.B., B.S., B.Hy. Durh.The following gentleman was recommended for the Degree
of Master in Surgery, viz. :-William Martin, M.A., M.B., B.S., College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.The following gentlemen were recommended for the degree
of Bachelor in Medicine (M.B.), viz. :-First-class Honours.-Charles Allan Brough, L.R.C.P. & S. Edin.,
College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.Second-class Honours.—James Atkin Henton White, Mason College..Birmingham ; John Ralph Prior, King’s College; Edward Turner.St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Sidney Herbert Hawley, MasonCollege, Birmingham; and Harold Dickinson Senior, Charing-crossHospital.
Pass List.-Norman Bennett, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Robert Montagu Le Hunter Cooper, St. Mary’s Hos-
pital ; William I’Anson Charlton; Percival Davidson, College ofMedicine, Newcastle-upon Tyne; Ernest Edward Frazer, ErnestRowland Fothergill, Guy’s Hospital; Frank Chubb Ford, M.R.C.S.,St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; John Reginald Fuller, St. Mary’sHospital; Edward Fielden, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Richard Withers Gilmour, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital:Gilbert Gocher, Guy’s Hospital; Charles Hanks, Ernest RohertKendall, Wilfred Robert Kingdon, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; George Edwyn Middlemist, London Hospital:William Harland Peake, Guy’s Hospital; Marcus Sinclair Paterson,St. Mary’s Hospital; Ernest Percy Satchell, Mason College,Birmingham; and George William Scott and Tom Sanderson,College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.The following gentlemen were recommended for the Degree
of Bachelor in Surgery (B.S.) :-Norman Bennett, William I’Anson Charlton, College of Medicine,Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Robert Montagu Le Hunter Cooper, St.Mary’s Hospital; Percival Davidson, College of Medicine, New-castle-upon-Tyne; Ernest Edward Frazer, Guy’s Hospital; JohnReginald Fuller, St. Mary’s Hospital; Ernest Rowland FothergiJI,Guy’s Hospital ; Edward Fielden, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Richard Withers Gilmour, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital;Gilbert Gocher, Guy’s Hospital; Charles Hanks, College of Medicine,Newcastle-upon-Tyne; William Harland Peake, Guy’s Hospital ;Marcus Sinclair Paterson, St. Mary’s Hospital; John Ralph Prio’.King’s College; Ernest Percy Satchell, Mason College, Birming,
Lham; George William Scott, Tom Sanderson, College of Medicine.Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Edward Turner, St. Bartholomew’s He"
pital ; and James Atkin Henton White, Mason College, Birmingham. The following gentlemen were recommended for the DegrEef of Bachelor in Hygiene :-’
George John Awburn, M.B., M.S. Edin.; George Henry Vane Applel,M.B., B.S. Durh.; Edward Turner, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.; and EdwardCecil Willcox, M.B., B.S. Durh.
r And the following gentleman was recommended fer theaDiploma in Public Health (D.P.H.) :—
William Henry Symons, L.S.A.r FOREIGN UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.—Cracow.’
Dr. Alexander Rosner has been recognised as privat-doeeiit inObstetrics.- Gratz Dr. Adolf Tarisch has been promoteto an Ordinary Professorship of Dermatology.-Prague:Dr. Eduard Nessel, dental surgeon, has been promoted to an
e Extraordinary Professorship in the University of Bohemia,-e Yienncc Dr. Norbert Ortner has been recognised as priva-docent in Medical Pathology. Dr. Leopold Réti has been
x , recognised as privat-docent in Laryngology.e,
ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY CLUB, LONDON.—Thed, May dinner of this club will be held at the Holborn Restaurantr’s on Wednesday, the 15th inst., at 7.30 P.M., when the Rev.ry Donald MacLeod, D.D., will occupy the chair.
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THE Local Government Board has confirmedthe appointment of Mr. F. J. Brown of Newark as medicalofficer and public vaccinator for the Caunton and Etstondistricts of the Southwell Union, at a salary of ;E32 a year.As Mr. Brown does not reside within these districts theappointment is sanctioned for one year only, and mnwt beannually confirmed.
OXFORD MEDICAL SOCIETY.-A special meetingwill be held in the anatomical lecture theatre on Friday.May 17th, at 8.30 P.M. Dr. Sidney Martin will read a paperon the Pathological Results of the Royal Commission onTuberculosis. The President of the society, Professor BardonSanderson, one of the Commissioners, will take part in thediscassion. Visitors will be welcomed.
ROYAL VISIT TO THE CHELSEA HOSPITAL FORWOMEN.—Her Royal Highness the Princess Mary Adelaide,Duchess of Teck, has graciously consented to visit theChelsea Hospital for Women on Wednesday, May 22nd, at4 P.M., when her Royal Highness will open and name the"Mary Adelaide " Ward, and also receive purses of moneyfrom ladies who are willing to aid this institution. Pursesmay be obtained from the Secretary, at the hospital.
THE Ckarity .Reccrd announces the following com-plete list of Baron de Hirsch’s benefactions to hospitals &c.,for 1895 :-
Parliamentary Intelligence.NOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS.
The Olniuin Commission. Sia JOSEPH PEASE has given notice that on Friday, May 24th, he will call attention to the Report of the Royal Commission on Opium,
and move: "that this House, having had before it its resolution of
June 30th, 1893, pressing on the Government of India to continue theirpolicy of greatly diminishingthe cultivation of the poppy and the pro- duction and sale of opium, and having had presented to it the Report ofthe Royal Commission, appointed Sept. 2nd, 1893, to inquire into
various matters connected with the cultivation of the poppy in India,is of opinion that the system by which the Indian Opium revenue israised is morally indefensible, and would urge upon the Indian Govern-ment that they should cease to grant licenses for the cultivation of the poppy and sale of opium in British India, except to supply the legiti-mate demand for medical purposes, and that they should at the Sametime take measures to arrest the transit of Malwa opiam throughBritish territory."
Factories and Workshops Bill.The Factories and Workshops Bill is now being considered by the
Grand Committee of the House of Commons on Trade, but so far veryfew amendments have been made in the measure. On Tuesday,May 7th, there was an important debate in connexion with the clausevliich provides a penalty for the employment of persons in placesinjurious to health. Alr. William Allen proposed an amendmentmaking it obligatory on the occupiers of factories and workshops toobtain a license every year from the inspector of the district.Mr. Buxton, on behalf of the Government, expressed sympathywith the object of the amendment, but said the apathy of many localsanitary authorities was notorious, and they could not leave this im-Portant matter in their hands. He added, however, that with regardto new premises the Government are going to propose some form of!icence or certificate. Mr. Asquith spoke in the same line. What, heasked, would be the use of inspecting these places at the beginning ofthe year unless their sanitary condition were afterwards kept underconstant observation ? Several members took the view that the amend-;r.ent would interfere with cottage industries in rural districts and drivetrade into the hands of the large factory owners in towns. In the endthe amendment was defeated by a large majority.
The Midwives Registration Bill.This Bill, which has been introduced into the House of Lords, con-
sists of eighteen clauses. The text of the Bill is printed in full inanother column.
____
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
THURSDAY, MAY 2ND.The Operation of the Merchandise Jfarks Act.
Mr. Bryce, President of the Local Government Board, answering aquestion on this subject put by Mr. Brookfield for Colonel HowardVincent, said that ten summonses in all have been issued under the Actsince Jan. lst, 1894, and in all of these convictions had been obtained.Other cases were also submitted to the Solicitor for his opinion as toproceedings, but as to some he advised that they did not come withinthe Act, and in other cases there was not evidence to secure a conviction.
The Veterinary College for Ireland.Mr. John Morley, in reply to Mr. Johnston, said it is the intention of
the Government to bring in a Bill to make certain provision in con-nexion with the proposed Veterinary College for Ireland, an institutionwhich, in the opinion of the Government, will be of considerableeducational advantage. The provision will not be for the endowmentof the college, but merely a grant of a lump sum in aid towards theacquisition of buildings and fittings. The grant will not reduce theannual sum paid to the Intermediate Education Board as their share ofthe local taxation duties, but will be withdrawn from an accumulationin their hands in respect of their share in these duties not expended bythem in former years.
Weather Forecasts for Agriculturists.Mr. Herbert Gardner, President of the Board of Agriculture, said, in
answer to Mr. Strachey, that so far as he could gather from theinformation which had reached him the experimental exhibition ofthe weather forecasts at the telegraph offices in rural districts has notbeen so beneficial as he had hoped, and he was doubtful whether theassistance rendered to agriculturists is sufficient to justify him inmaking a further application to the Treasury on the subject. Heshould be glad, however, to further consider the matter, and if itshould appear that the arrangement is of real service to agriculturistsduring harvest time he would do his best to secure its continuance inlocalities where it is appreciated.
The Eudget.The Chancellor of the Exchequer at this sitting of the House made
his annual statement as to the finances of the country. The onlychanges in taxation he proposed were the withdrawal of the extra 6d.per gallon duty on spirits and the reimposition for another year of theextra, 6d. per barrel on beer. In the course of his statement Sir WilliamHarcourt made some interesting references to the food and drink ofthe year. With regard to tea, he said that the duty had yielded£3,587,000, or £94,000 more than in the year 1893-94. This increaserepresented in quantity 5,650,000lb., and in ratio 2’6 per cent., thispercentage being a good deal more than twice as great as the increase ofthe population. The teas of India and Ceylon now constitute 86 percent. of the whole, whilst in 1864 they constituted only 3 per cent. ofthe consumption. The yield of tobacco in the past year hadbeen £810,416,000, or £.9s,CO’) more than in 1893-9t. This increase,Sir Wiliiam Harcourt said, was probably not to be takenas a normal figure. as the consumption in the latter yearwas no doubt depressed by the long -continued coa.1 strike andother circumstances of depression, which made the tobacco revenuepractically l1tagnant; but it would be found that the average annualincrease opver seven years had been nearly 3 per cent.. per annum, whichwas about three times as great as the increase of population. The con-sumption of coffee had been steadily decreasing. In 1885-86 therevenue from it was £203.00O; Last year it vas only £170,000. Cocoa, onthe other hand, was steadily growing in consumption. In the lastyear there had been an incr. ase of 3,383,OOOlb., as compared with1893-94, and an improvement of :E14,CCO in the revenue. Dried fruitsshowed an increase of £30,000 beyontl the figure of the preceding year.Turning to another class of commodities, Sir William Ilarcourtaaidthat,as he had indicated on several fonrer occasions, the consumption of winewas constantly on the decrease. The receipt, in 1894-95 was £1,144,OOO,as against £1,210,000in 1893-94. Since 1875 the quantity had fallenfrom 17.250.0CO gallons to 13,830,GCO, and in the last year" the fall was250,000 gallons. The quantity of sparkling. wine, which stood at
825,000 Gozens in 1890, ha.-l fallen to 65,060 dozens in the last year.The pioduce cf the duty on spirits had been. £4,197,000, or £ 67,C00 inexcess of 1893-94. For the first three quarters up to Dec. 31st there hadbeen no increase on the previous year, and it wsuld seem that if thingshad gone on in thtir ordinaly course, m pite of the extra, sixpence,there would have been little or no increase ot revenue, but owing to theextraordinary severity of the weather in February the receipts fromnurrr rose suddenly to an exeeps of £100,000. Brandy fell £891,00;) belowthe yield of 1893-94. The taste for this diink was evidently on thedecline, for in fifteen years the quantity had diminishedby I,OCO,000 gallons, or 31 per cent., while the population hadincreased 13 per cent. An examination of the increased and in-
creasing consumption of nnn-dutiable articles-such as meat, eggs,sugar, butter, and cheese; fruit, such as apples oranges, andiemons ; fuel, a coal; light, as petroleum—showed From year to year, andmarkedly last year, an inrrease in the average consumption of thesefu’ticies. There was one article which was perhaps a greater test thanany other, and that was meat. In the three years 1882 to 1884 the con-sumption cf meat was 108 15. per head; and in the tnrwe years 1891 to1893 the consumption was 119 lb. per head, or an increase ofU per cent. The consumption of foreign and home-grown meat inthese latter three years was the largest that ever took place, and theincrease in the consumption of au article like meat was a significantindication d the well-being of the people. To sum up, Sir WilliamHarcourt said that the figures went to show that the mass of thepeople had in the past year, and in many years past, been able to obtain,and had enjoyed, still larger quantities of the necessaries and comforts3f life at lower prices.
MONDAY, MAY 6TH.
Quarantine in South America.Sir Edward Grey, in the course of a reply, said that the South American
Republics had been approached on the subject of their quarantine
