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drains being examined it was found that they were thoroughlyclogged, the fall given to them being insufficient to allowthe sewage to flow freely away, the result being the stag-nation and fermentation of the matter in the pipes, and theproduction of sewer gas which penetrated into the asylum.There is no truth whatever in the statement whichhas obtained currency, that a young woman had beenadmitted as a patient who was suffering from thefever. The fact is that the first cases were those of menwho were living in the detached convalescent buildingwhere the drainage has been found to be more defectivethan anywhere else. These men were also engaged on theland employed for sewage distribution. The drainage ofthe chaplain’s residence was also found to be extremelydefective ; it is entirely independent of that of the asylum,and is conveyed into cesspools at no great distance from thehouse. The drinking water of the chaplain’s house is alsoquestionable as to its purity. Dr. Davidson, the medicalsuperintendent, has, I believe, made great efforts to as-certain the cause of the outbreak, and now that it isdiscovered the best means are being adopted in thedaily flushing of the sewers to prevent any fresh cases

from arising. The cases, some twenty in number-oneof which, the chaplain’s wife, proved fatal -are now,with the exception of four, convalescent, these fourbeing male inmates who are suffering from a severe formof the disease. Every precaution is being taken byDr. Davidson to prevent the spread of the fever, andas no cases have recently occurred, it is hoped the epidemichas succumbed to the sanitary precautions adopted.The Government engineer has entirely condemned thesystem of drainage, and it is to be’ completely reconstructed.For two years and over the sewage of the asylum has been asgreat a nuisance to the residents in the suburbs of Chester asit has been a difficulty to the Visiting Committee of theQuarter Sessions. The asylum is situated in the Liverpool-road, contiguous to the Bache estate, and just without theborough boundaries of the city of Chester. From the Liver-pool-road the asylum appears to be built on the level, but ongoing to the rear a dip in the land trends away to a brookrunning through the valley beneath. The incline is notvery stiff, and only two fields intervene between theasylum and the brook. One is an arable field and theother pasture. The arable field on certain occasions takes11 quantity of the sewage. Down to this point the brookis a pure stream. After this it becomes an open sewer ; fora hundred yards farther down its course it receives theeffluent water from subsidence tanks erected by Mr. R. S.Hudson on the Bache estate to receive the whole of theBishopsfield drainage. These tanks send the water into thebrook in a very filthy condition, and the stream from thispoint, where it enters the city boundaries, down to where ittinds an outlet in the Dee, is a nuisance and a source ofdanger to the people living on its banks.

PARIS.(From our own Correspondent.)

PROFESSOR BALL commenced his course of lectures on Men-tal and Nervous Diseases on the 16th instant. A numerousaudience crowded the amphitheatre. Amongst those presentwe noticed Professors Brouardel and Bouchard ; Assistant-Professors Chantreuil, Charpentier, Damaschino, Duguet,Desprès, Le Groux, Constantin Paul, Ollivier, and Proust;the celebrated alienists, Moreau de Tours, La Segue, Luys,Lunier, Dagonet, Mesnet, and Ritti; and a number of

literary and scientific men, prominent amongst whom wereMM. Etienne Arago, Pilon, Bottentint, and Krishaber.The Professor took the History of Mental Science as thesubject of his introductory lecture, and rapidly reviewedthe different theories which have been successively held byphilosophers and physicians.The following sentence may be quoted here, as it contains

Dr. Ball’s profession of faith :-" I would recommend toyou a certain degree of scepticism;

by that I do not understand that morbid disposition whichleads us to receive every new idea with a scofhng smile,Lut that scientific reluctance to accept an idea until obliged

by evidence and overcome by proof. Let us not have tomourn too often over hypotheses, prompt in their appear-ance, but prompt also to die."The Professor’s remarks were received with the greatest

attention ; and the termination of the lecture was followedby prolonged applause.A case of lead-poisoning from the use of red wafers is

reported in the Revue d’Hfcine by Dr. 112argueritte, ofHavre. The subject of the observation had been undertreatment with saturnine symptoms for some days, but noother clue to the means of ingestion being found, it occurredto his medical attendant that the use of coloured wafersmight be the fons et origo mali, as instances of lead poison-ing produced in this way have been reported to the Con-gress of Hygiene of Paris by Drs. Manouvriez, Layet, andMarmisse. This supposition turned out to be correct, thepatient admitting that, besides putting the wafers to theirlegitimate use, he often amused himself by eating a few.The case of the man Prunier, who was recently executed

at Beauvais, furnishes a new proof of the necessity of supple-menting judicial testimony by scientific evidence-at anyrate before carrying out the extreme penalty of the law.In a fit of mania, brought on by alcoholic excess, Prunierassaulted and abused an old woman ; he then strangled herand threw the body into a river. Half an hour later hetook the corpse out of the water in order to further fulfil hismaniacal impulses. Upon being arrested he had no recollec-tion of what had occurred. He was condemned to death,and having refused to petition for a commutation of thesentence, was executed a short time since. SociallyPrunier’s loss can scarcely be regretted, but the post-mortemexamination of his brain throws some doubt upon the justiceof his end. Important cerebral lesions were found; amongstothers, thickening and adherence of the membranes over thefrontal convolutions.

Medical News.ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.

, The following gentlemen, having passed the required ex-: amination for the diploma, were duly admitted Members of

the College at a meeting of the Court of Examiners on: the 20th inst. :—

Allen, T. W. James, Louth.Bulteel, Marcus Henry, Stonehouse, Devon.Cock, John, South Molton, Devon.Jones, Arthur Henry, Llandilo.King, David Alexander, Finsbury-circus.Lukis, Charles Pardey, Southampton.Maclean, Caird R., M.D. New York, Ontario.Marsh, Charles James, Yeovil.Morse, Thomas Herbert, Lound, near Lowestoft.Pepler, W. H. 0. Cadmey, Kensington-park.Pilkington, Francis Sergent, Leyland, Lancashire.Rake, Beaven Neave, Fordingbridge.Rice, Edward, Stratford-on-Avon.Rolston, J. Resatrick, Stoke Devonport.Thomas, Walter Duncan, Llanelly.Townsend, Knowlton, Wellington-road.Webster, Ridley Manning, Colebrook-row.Wooldridge, Leonard Charles, Bernard-street.

Of the 99 candidates examined during the last week,66 passed to the satisfaction of the Court and obtainedtheir diplomas; 6 passed in Surgery, and when qualifiedin Medicine will be admitted Members ; the remaining 27failed to reach the required standard, and were referred forsix months’ further professional study. Twenty-one candi-dates who had passed in Surgery at previous examinations,having subsequently obtained a medical degree or licencerecognised by the College, were also admitted Members.The following gentlemen passed the first part of the

Professional Examination for the diploma of Fellow of theCollege at a meeting of the Board of Examiners on Tuesdayand Wednesday last:—Henry Finch, Cambridge and University College Hospital; James

Taylor, Glasgow ; James Brown, Birmingham ; Herbert HenryTidswell, St. George’s Hospital; John Barlow, Glasgow; WilliamA. Duncan, St. Thomas’s Hospital; Frederic Dale, Cambridge andSt. George’s Hospital; Alexander Haig, Oxon. and St. Bartholomew’sHospital; James Turton, Charing-cross Hospital; Frederick H.Norvill, King’s College; Wm. H. P. Lewis, St. George’s Hospital ;Alfred D. Maitland, University College ; William H. Sharples,Manchester; Arthur Cutfield, Cambridge; Arthur K. Willis, St.George’s Hospital; William J. Collins, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital ;James Hardie, Manchester and Edinburgh; James H. Lilley, Cam-bridge and University College.

Of the 32 candidates examined on the above-named days,

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14 failed to satisfy the Board of Examiners, and were re-ferred for six months’ further anatomical and physiologicalstudy.

[In the list of gentlemen who passed the final examinationon the 19th inst., the name "John B. Barnes" should havebeen Henry Jollu Barnes.

APOTHECARIES’ HALL. -The following gentlemenpassed their examination in the Science and Practice of Medi-4W e, and received certificates to practise, on Nov. 20the

Hackman, Leonard King Havelock, Landport, Hants.Hewitt, John, Leaf-square, Manchester.lliunyard, Thomas Uuiilaume, Coombe Bury, Kingston-hill.Neale, William Henry, Boundary-road, N.W.Pound, Francis Joseph, Odihaui.

The following gentlemen on the same day passed the PrimaryProfessional Examination:-Arthur Kent Bissill, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Elden Harvey,

St. Thomas’s Hospital ; Thomas Henderson Pounds, Charing-crossHospital ; Alex:,nder Mathew Moore, Guy’s Hospital; Wm. HenryQuicke, Westminister Hospital.THE Newry Guardians have increased the salary of

Dr. Samuel E. Martin, medical officer to the workhouse,from :E100 to i120 per annum.

NOTICES have been published of an intendedapplication in the next session of Parliament for leave tobring in a Bill for the incorporation of a company to conveysea-water from Lancing to the metropolis.

DR. ALFRED GRANDISON has been presented witha valuable clock in gilt frame, inscribed "Presented toAlfred Graudison, Esq., by the Officers of the Dover UnionWorkhouse, as a partiug gift. November 15th, 1879."

Medical Appointments.ANDERSON, W. H., 1BLB., C.M., has been appointed Assistant

Physician to the Children’s Hospital, Newcastle-on-Tyne.ANGELL, A., Ph D., F. I.C., has been appointed Public Analyst for the

Borough of Andover, at 10 10s. per annum and 5s. per analysis.BEATTIE, R., M.D., C.M., has been appointed Resident House-Surgeon

to the Loughborough Infirmary and Dispensary, vise Pike, resigned.BOOTH, T. C., yi.R.C..E., L.R.C.P.Ed., has been appointed House-

Surgeon to the Oldham Infirmary.BUTLER, G. H., L.R.C.P.L., M.R.C.S.E., has been appointed House-

Surgeon to the Westminster Hospital, vice Elliott, whose appoint-ment has expired.

CALCOTT, G. W. B., M.R.C.S.E., L.S.A.L., has been appointedCertifying Factory Surgeon for the District of Oundle, Northampton-shire.

CARTER, F., L.R.C.P.L., M.R.C.S.E., has been appointed MedicalOfficer of Health for the Billericay Rural Sanitary District, Essex,at 115 per annum.

CRISP, T., M.R.C.S.E., has been appointed a Resident ClinicalAssistant to the Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of theChest, Brompton, vice Dallaway, whose appointment has expired.

DAVIES, F. J., F.R.C.S.E., L.R.C.P.L., has been appointed CertifyingFactory Surgeon for ’the District of Newport, Mon., vice W. J.Davies, F.R.C.S.E., resigned.

DENNIK&, F. A., L.R.C.S.I., L.A.H.D., has been appointed Apothecaryto the Sligo Dispensary, Sligo Union, vice Nixon, deceased.

DODSWORTH, F. C., L.R.C.P.L. M.R.C.S.E., has been appointedMedical Officer and Public Vaccinator for the No. 2 District of theBrentford Union, vice F. C. Dodsworth, M.R.C.S.E., deceased.

BTAKS, A. L., L.R.C.P.L., M.R.C.S.E., has been appointed AssistantMedical Officer to the Leeds Union Workhouse Infirmary andSchools, vice Robbins, resigned.

GRANDISON. A., M.B., Has been appointed Resident MedicalOfficer to the United Friendly Societies’ Medical Association,Leicester.

GRAY, J. A., M.A., M.B., has been appointed Assistant to theProfessor of Medical Jurisprudence, Edinburgh University, viceAffieck, resigned.

HAMILTON, S. G., L.R.C.P.Ed., M.R.C.S.E., has been appointed House-Physician to the Westminster Hospital, vice Butler, whose appoint-ment has expired.

HUME, G. A., M.D., L.R.C.S.Ed., has been appointed Certifying FactorySurgeon for the District of Crumlin, co. Antrim.

LOWTHER, H., L.F.P.S.G., L.R.C.P.Ed., has been appointed House-Surgeon to the Torbay Hospital and Provident Dispensary, Torquay,vice Marsh, resigned.

LUNN, J. R, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.E., L.S.A.L., has been appointedAssistant House-Physician to St. Thomas’s Hospital.

MUSSEN, A., M.D., has been appointed Certifying Factory Surgeon forthe District of Glenavy, co. Antrim.

MYLES, G., L.R.C.P.Ed., L.R.C.S.Ecl., has been appointed a Surgeonto Barrington’s Hospital and City of Limerick Infirmary, viceKavanagh, deceased.

NEWSHOLME, A., 1B1.R.C.S.E., L.S.A.L., has been appointed AssistantHouse-Surgeon to St. Thomas’s Hospital.

NUNDY, E., L.R.C.S.E(I., has been appointed a Resident ClinicalAssistant to the Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of theChest, Brompton, vice Gulliver, whose appointment has expired.

O’BRIEN, R., 1B1.B., C.M., has been appointed Medical Officer to theYork Friendly Societies’ Medical Association, vice Love, resigned.

O’HAGAN, P. J., L.K.Q.C.P.I. & L.M., L.R.C.S.L, has been appointedMeduxtl Officer, Public Vaccinator, &c., for the CastlebelJingbam

, Dispensary District of the Ardee Union, co. Louth, at £ I00per annum and fees, and ae15 per annum as Medical Officer ofHealth, vice Callan, appointed to the Workhouse and FeverHospital.

PARSONS, F. J. C., L.R.C.P.L., M.R.C.S.E., has been reappointedMedical Officer of Health for the Bridgwater Urban SanitaryDistrict, at ,e50 per annum, and for the Port Sanitary District, at15 per annum.

QUIRK, M., M.D., C.M., has been appointed Certifying Factory Surgeonfor the District of Blaenavon, Monmouthshire, vice Pearse,resigned.

RAWSON, W. F., L.R.C.P.Ed., L.R.C.S.Ed., L.S.A.L., has been re-appomted Me(lical Officer of Health for the North Bierley UrbanSanitary District, Yorkshire, at £ 70 for one year.

RUTHERFORD, R. L., L.K.Q.C.P.I., has been appointed AssistantMedical Officer to the Durham County Lunatic Asylum.

SHARKEY, S. J., M.B., has been appointed an Assistant-Physician toSt. Thomas’s Hospital, vice Harley, appointed a Physician.

SxnRp>;, J., A3.D., 1B’1. R.C.S.E., has been appointed Certifying FactorySurgeon for the District of Cootehill, co. Cavan.

SHEPPARD, C. E., 1B1. B. , L.R.C.P.L., M.R.CS.E., L.S.A.L., has beenappointed Resident Accoucheur to St. Thomas’s Hospital.

SKINNER, C. G. L., M.D., has been appointed Medical Officer andPublic Vaccinator for the Blackley &e. District and the Workhouseof the Prestwich Union, Lancashire, vice Buckley, resigned.

SMITH, F. P., 1B1. B., M.R.C.S.E., L.S.A.L., has been retppointedMedical Officer of Health for the Shepton Mallet Rural SanitaryDistrict, Somersetshire, at 650 per annum.

STIrPHwsoN, F. L., M.B., C.M., has been reappointed Medical Officerof Health for the Honiton Urban Sanitary District, at E20 for oneyear.

TIRARD, Dr. N. 1. C., has been appointed a Physician for Out-patientsto the Evelina Hospital for Sick Children, vice Hayes, resigned.

TODD, J., 1.D., L.R.C.S.Ed., has been reappointed Certifying FactorySurgeon for the District of Newtown-Stewart, co. Tyrone,

TouGH, W. R., 11.8., C.M., has been appointed Medical Officer toCourt No. 2128 of the Ancient Order of Foresters, Audlem, Cheshire,vice Jay, whose appointment has expired.

WALLIS, G., M.1i.C S.E., has been appointed a Surgeon to Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge.

.WARD, W. J. C., L.R.C.P.Ed., M.R.C.S.E., has been appointed MedicalOfficer of Health for the Harrogate Urban Sanitary District, at£ 100 for one year, vice Short, deceased.

WATSON, E. J., L.S.A.L., has been appointed House-Surgeon to theNorth Shields and Tynemouth Dispensary, vice Callender, resigned.

WHERRY, G. E., 1B1.B., C.1T., F.R.C.S.E., has been appointed a Surgeollto Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge.

Births, Marriages, and Heaths.BIRTHS.

COCKERTON.-On the 21st inst., at Oxford House, New North-road, N.,the wife of Charles E. Cockerton, lB1.R.C.S.E., of a daughter.

CORFIELD. - On the 17th inst., at Bolton-row, the wife of WilliamHenry Corfield, M.D., of a son.

MCCLURE. - On the 19th inst., at Worle, Somersetshire, the wife ofThomas McClure, M D., of a daughter.

MAcDOVELL.-On the 19th inst., at Baltinglass, the wife of Francis V.MacDowell, L.R.C.S.I., of a son.

! MORE.-On the 21st inst., at the Royal Naval Hospital, Plymouth, thewife of Robert HaU More, M.D., StaS-Surgeon li. N., of a son.

’ SAMUELS.-On the 21st inst., at Parkga,te-street, Dublin, the wife of’ William Frederick Samuels, L.K.Q.C.P.I., Surgeon, Army Medical

Department, of a son.’ SWANSON.—On the 24th inst., at Lawrence House, York, the wife of

George I. Swanson, M.D., of a son.

’ MARRIAGES.; DAVIES—RANKIN.—On the 26th inst., at St. James’s, Handsworth, byt the Rev. J. Sheldon. M.A., Vicar, assisted by the Rev. J. M.

Guest, M.A., William Bowen Davies, 1.R.C.P.L., M.R.C.S.R,l L.S.A.L., of Brynarlais, Llandrindod Wells, to Jessie Constance,, second daughter of W. Rankin, Esq., of Beechwood, Handsworth,

Staffordshire.J LAWS—GRAY.—On the 15th August, 1879, at Blantyre lB1ission Station,) Shird Hills, East Africa, the Rev. Robert Laws, M.A., lB1.D. Aberd.

to Margaret Troupe Gray, daughter of the late Charles Gray, 01Aberdeen.

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DEATHS.r

CORRIE.—On the 18th inst., at Grafton House, Leeds, James Johnstone_ Corrie, M.R.C.S.E.

JESSETT.-On the llth inst., at Sheffield, George Jessett, Surgeon,’

aged 63.I PINCHIN. - At Brooklyn, New York, Thomas Fitzmaurice Pinchm,

Surgeon.r QUIN.-On the 24th inst., at Queen Anne’s Mansions, Westminster,

Frederic Hervey Foster Quin, M.D., aged 78.a ROBERTSON. - On the lOth inst., at Tredegar, Alexander Ro.e bertson, M.D.

SMITH.-On the 16th inst., Arthur William Smith, M.D., of Auburn,t South Australia, aged 31.

WALKER.-On the 22nd inst., at Holland-road, Kensington, Surgeon-J Major George Whitaker Walker, late of the Madras Medicale Service.

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N.B.—A fee of 5s. is chargedfor the insertion of Notices of Bi,rth8,Marriages, and Deaths.