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in the effects of malaria. For instance, he says, that in a very Ihot autumn, succeeding to a damp summer, in marshy plac(s, themiasma appeared to be copious and intense, and a patient whohad been reaping in those districts was brought to Guy’s Hospitalin a state of tplcus, or of severe continued fever."

This quotation, the Doctor says, is a total misapprehension ofhis meaning, and would imply, that he considered the fever

brought from the marshy district to be genuine typhus, or commoncontinued fever ; whereas, the case was intended to illustrate thevery reverse, and to show, that although it resembled continued

fever, or typhus, it was to be regarded a mere modification ofmarsh, or intermitting, or rather remitting fever ; and the proofof this being the case was, that after the patient was placed in a

well ventilated apartment, his bowels relieved, and his diet regu-lated, the remitting character became developed, and the diseasewas speedily cured by quinine.

It is also necessary that I should state, that Dr. Addison be-lieves that what we call idiopathic fever is of two kinds, and isof two kinds only, all over the world-.he one of vegetable, theother of animal origin; the former including intermittents, remittents, and those apparently continued fevers, in which, fromaccidental external causes, or from internal local irritations, havetheir remissions so masked, and the general disturbance so coli-siderable, as to put on the appearance of continued fever,-thelatter arising from contagion, and from contagion alone; allother reputed causes being merely such as predispose to thedisease. It is also the opinion of Dr. Addison, that in temperateclimates, like our own, as well as in the tropics, two poisons notunfrequently co-operate, and thereby modify the symptoms ofeach other_-I am. Sir. vour obedient servant.

Eveuwood, March, 1849. GEORGE TODD."

Medical News.ROYAL COLLEGE OF SuRGEONS.—The following gentlemen

having undergone the necessary examinations for the diploma,were admitted members of the college at the meeting of theCourt of Examiners on the 2nd inst.:-

ALLEN, PETER, Smarden, near Cranbrook, Kent.COOKE, WILLIAM, Gainsborough.GIBBS, JOHN GEORGE, Baker-street, Portman-square.GwYN, GEORGE FREDERICK, Long Stratton, Norfolk.HAYNE, WiLLiAM REYNOLDS, Sussex-terrace, Camden-town.JOHNSON, WILLIAM HENRY, Weymouth, Dorset.SMITH, JOHN, London.At the same meeting of the court, Mr. MARK HAMILTON

passed his examination for naval surgeon. This gentlemanhad previously been admitted a member of the college, hisdiploma bearing date June 20th, 1842.APOTHECARIES’ HALL.—Names of gentlemen who passed

their examination in the science and practice of medicine,and received certificates to practise, on Thursday,

March lst, 1849.CROWTHER, THOMAS, St. John’s, near Halifax.HENNING, RICHARD SKINNER, East Brent, Somerset.IZOD, FREEMAN, Esher.MARSHALL, THOMAS HARRISON, Kingston-upon-Hull.PROWSE, JOHN, Somerset.WEBB, WILLIAM, Shrewsbury.WHITBOURN, FREDERICK, Epsom.

THE CHOLERA IN PARIS.—Dr. Gardet has published, inL’Union Medicale, the case of a boy, twelve years old, whodied with all the symptoms of cholera.BEDFORD GENERAL INFIRMARY.-Paris Thomas Dick, Esq.,

M.D , has been appointed physician to this Infirmary, in theroom of Dr. Witt, resigned.THE USE OF UNFERMENTED BREAD.—This is a subject well

deserving attention, for several reasons: lst, The quality ofthe bread is superior to that made by any other process; it ismuch sweeter, and keeps much longer. 2ndly, The process bywhich it is made (without yeast, with soda and acid) is muchshorter, and so simple, that night-work is altogether obviated.And last, thongh not least, we believe it to be more wholesome,as it is also more economical, than the bread prepared in the usualway. Mr. Elsworthy, of Southampton-row, Russell-square, de-serves much credit for the perfection to which he has broughtthe process. We can speak from personal experience of itsexcellence.THE CROONIAN LECTURES.—Dr. Conolly delivered the first of

these for the present year, at the College of Physicians, on Wed-nesday, February 28th. It treated of the symptoms eharac-

terizing the access of insanity, and on the physical alteration ofthe brain in that disease. The second lecture was delivered onMarch 2nd, and the third on Wednesday last, the 7th inst. Weshall speedily present these lectures to our readers, revised spe-cially for publication, in THE LANCET, by the learned lecturer..UNIVERSITY COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL.—(fYoM the Times.)-

The annual meeting of the governors, council, and members ofthis college, was held lately, at the coHege,—Mr. Warburton,2il.P., in the chair. The annual report stated, that during thesession of 1847-48, 315 pupils in medicine, 252 in the arts, and303 pupils of the junior school, had entered the college, the feespaid by them amounting, in the whole, to 15,3021. 14s. Thecouncil lmd, during the session, been informed that the existinglibrary and lecture rooms were not large enough to accommodatethe pupils, and they had therefore engaged Mr. Donaldson, thearchitect, to erect premises in the rear of the college, in the placeof the erection destroyed by fire in 1836. The basement floorwas for models of machinery and drawing; and there were alsotwo large rooms, each to accommodate 150 students. The costof the building, which was nearly finished, would be 76571. Thecommittee regretted that the funds of the hospital were not in aflourishing condition, they having lately been 30001. in debt. Tomeet this demand, 12001. had been raised by subscriptions. AMr. Kennedy had bequeathed the sum of 5001.; her Majestyhad that morning presented them with 300/., out of the estate ofthe late Mr. Sawyer, of York; and there were several other sums,amounting to 16001., which would enable them to clear the in-come of the hospital from encumbrance. There were 120 bedsin the hospital, and there would soon be increased accommoda-tion. The comm;ttee had to express their deep regret at theloss of the Earl of Auckland, their late vice-president, and alsofor the deaths of Mr. Liston and other gentlemen of note, whosetalents were much missed. The expenditure of the college hadexceeded its income by 500/., which they had to draw from thefunded stock, and though the number of the pupils had greatly de-creased, they attributed that to the depressed state of the nation.

(‘ THE STATE OF THE NATION," forsooth ! What arrant non-sense ! Does not everybody know that it is the state of destitutioncaused by the state of intrigue, cabal, and misgovcrnment in theestablishment itself? If there be not be not speedily a radicalreform within the walls of the college and hospital, the numberof students is likely to decline, until, at last, the number will bereduced to a cipher. If it be the " state of the nation" which hascaused the decrease in the number of students at UniversityCollege, what is it that has produced the increase at King’sCollege, and the various other large medical schools of the

metropolis ?]LIFE ASSURANCE OFFICES.-It is gratifying to find that our

continued agitation to induce the directors of the above officesto remunerate medical men for their opinions is daily gainingground. We consider the medical profession bound to supportthose offices who recognise the principle that the labourer isworthy of his hire ; that his opinion is as valuable as the lawyer’s.At the anniversary dinner of the Engineers, Masonic, and Uni-versal Mutual Life Assurance Society, last Tuesday, at the Free-masons’ Tavern, Prof. Ansted truly observed, that the directorsdepended on the medical man for his opinion; that his time wasmoney; and that the above office had, from the commencement,remunerated the practitioner for his opinion ; an example that wasbeing followed by many other offices, in consequence of theexertions of THE LANCET, and the medical press generally-astatement that was warmly applauded to by a highly respectablecompany.

BENEFICENCE.—Mrs. Mary Tucker, of Bramford-Speke, inthe county of Devon, has bequeathed the following princely dona-tions to medical charities. The Devon and Exeter Hospitals,1000/.; Barnstaple Infirmary, 6001. ; Exeter Dispensary, 2001. ;Windsor Dispensary, 2001.; Hospital for the Cure of Consumption,100l.; Society for Incurables, 1001. ; and the SJ rian Medical AidSociety, 501. In addition to the above, this truly excellent

lady has bequeathed 12,000l. to other charities, principally, if notentirely, selected by Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart., M.P.

THE FELLOWSHIP."—The next examinations for this dis-tinction, will take place at the College ot Surgeons, on Mondayand Wednesday, the 2nd and 4th of April next. The particularsare given in our advertising columns.NORTH WALES HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.—This institution,

situated at Denbigh, is now open for the reception ot lunatics.MORTALITY OF THE METROPOLIS.—Deaths during the week

ending March 3rd, 1138, or 31 below the winter average, and adecline on the previous week of 53. Scarlatina, though it has

276

declined, continues considerably above the amount of previousyears, and hooping cough has become unusually fatal. Theformer disease carried off r7, average 32 ; the latter 89, average42. Deaths from diarrhoea and dysentery 23; from cholera 35,of which, with a case registered as "diarrhaea and collapse," fiveoccurred in Warburton’s Lunatic Asylum, Bethnal-green ; andtwo in the Refuge for the Destitute, Hackney-road. The mor-tality from small pox and measles is unusually low ;-that fromtyphus has fallen to the average, and is less than has been ob-served for a long period. Greatest mean height of the barometerin the week was on Saturday, when the reading was 30.288. Thehighest temperature was also on Saturday, and was 55°.5. Themean of the week was 42°.4. On Wednesday, February 28th,after 2h. p.m. the force of wind increased, and pressures of 10!bs.,151bs., and 161bs. occurred; at 2h. 55m. p.m. a very heavy andprolonged gust took place of 22lbs. pressure ; at this time thewooden building upon which Whewell’s Anemometer was placedwas blown over, and the instrument was broken to pieces; thegale continued till 6h. p.m. with an average pressure of 71bs.,and of frequent gusts varying from 101bs. to 171bs. At about6h. p.m. the wind suddenly subsided. The reading of Whewell’sAnemometer when it was broken, was such as to indicate thatthe horizontal movement of the air in the preceding 5 hours was105 miles.OBITUARY.-Died recently, at Market-Rasen, Lincolnshire, in

his 79th year, Thomas Jackson, Esq., late of Willingham, andformerly of Grantham, in the same county. Mr. Jackson hadretired from the profession for some years, but to the day of hisdeath, continued ardently attached to it, and devoted to its in-terests. He was actively engaged in practice for upwards of halfa century, and was the author of several works. As a surgeon,a philanthropist, or a gentleman, he was most worthy of example- and few men have left the world more highly esteemed, or de-servedly respected.DANGEROUS ILLNESS OF MR. WHITE.-At the moment of

going to press, we learn that Mr. Anthony White, Councillor ofthe College of Surgeons, is so dangerously ill that his life isdespaired of.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Desperandum.—They are all quacks, vile quacks! The complaint namedis curable. Apply to a respectable surgeon.Amicus is advised to address a letter on the subject to Dr. Francis Haw-

kins, Registrar of the London College of Physicians. We certainly feelthat we cannot reply satisfactorily to the questions proposed.

Collegian.—Such a physician is not entitled to practise in England. The

Medical Registration Committee has not yet concluded its labours, becauseit has not yet made a report. Owing to indisposition, Mr. Wakley has notbeen enabled to attend the House of Commons during the present sessionof parliament.

To the Editor of THE LANCET.

Sm,—I trust you will pardon me for intruding upon your time, but shouldfeel much obliged if, in your notice to correspondents, you will answer thefollowing question :-" Can a legally qualified medical practitioner recover,at the county courts, a bill, wherein he charges his patient for visits alone,supplying only such medicines as he deems really necessary, for which nocharge is made?

I have been in practice for twenty years, and my scale of charges hasbeen 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., and 5s. per visit, not charging for medicine 1 find neces-sary to supply; and I have been informed that the judge of the court willonly make an order for payment to a medical man for the medicines whichhe has furnished; I am induced to make this inquiry in consequence of oneor two of my patients withholdinh the payment of their bills, (having learntthe determination of the judge,) with a view of driving me to the court, inthe hope of having some curtailment made.

I am, Sir, your obedient servant,A COUNTILY PRACTITIONER.

*,‘ If the judges of the county courts do their duty, and follow the pre-cedent which was established by Lord Tenterden, in the case of Handeyv. Henson, medical practitioners will be enabled to recover reasonable andjust charges for attendance. Our correspondent should apply to the officersof the court to which he refers, and ascertain whether there has really beenany such decision in that court, as the one to which he has alluded.

WE are informed, by a correspondent, that the Sovereign Life AssuranceOffice, St. James’s-street, has joined the number of those offices which payall medical referees from whom they receive confidential communications.A Student of Nature.-There is no separate work on the subject which is

entitled to the slightest attention. The subject is necessarily included inworks of general anatomy and pathology.THE letter of Dr. McGee (Kirkcubbin) shall be published.G. F. E.-There is no work devoted to reports of such cases.A CORRESPONDENT has forwarded us the following paragraph extracted

from the Manchester Examiner. In the Medical Directory" for 1849, wefind the following entry :-MATTHEWS, SAMUEL, Gartside-street, Manchester-in practice prior to

the Act of 1815."Mr. Matthews, Surgeon, 5, Gartside-street, Manchester-Established

1813—in acknowledging the long-continued patronage of the public duringthirty ycm’s in his present residence, considers it due to himself, in respectof those who do not know him, to state that he is a regularly educated andduly registered surgeon in the annals of Medical Jurisprudence, and thatthe result of his hitberto successful practice has been to snatch thousandsfrom an untimely grave. Mr. M. may also venture to say that he is wellknown, and, he trusts, justly esteemed by his professional brethren, for histalents and integrity in the higher walks of the art. It is a fact which no-body can deny, that in eally life Mr. M. discovered a remedy to supersedethe use of mercury and other dangerous medicines, and he challenges theworld to produce a case wherein he has used them during fine-and-tweaatyyears.

All cases of debility arising from improper treatment are undertaken fora specified sum, which is che2rf ully returned if the party is not perfectlysatisfied.-Consultation free to the poor.—Ail letters containing a postagestamp duly replied to.The lecture forwarded by Mr Pettigrew has been received, as also the

note of Dr. P. B. Ayres.An Old Medical Reforinei-.-The money should not be sent, until after a

treasurer is appointed. The guarantee might be given in the followingterms :-

" Should subscriptions to the amount of ’50<) be guaranteed by legallyqualified members of the medical profession towards raising a Medical Re-form Fund of that amount, I (or we) hereby undertake to contribute andpay to the treasurer, on or before the day of Apfil, the sum of ."Or the following form might be adopted :-" I hereby undertake to subscribe the sum of , should a sufficient

number of legally qualified medical practitioners guarantee to raise the sumof ’500 for a Medical Reform Fund."THE half sovereign forwarded by Mr. Curoie shall be handed to the trea.

surer; but we must express a hope that until such an officer be appointed bythe subscribers, only the guarantees will be forwarded to us, and not themoney.

To the Editor of THE LANCET.

SIR,&mdash;Would you be kind enough to inform me if the services of a dispenserof medicines are required on board a man of war, if so, what are the quali-fications ? what the remuneration ? and what are the steps necessary to betaken to obtain such a situation ? with any other particulars. If unable toinform me on these subjects, could you point out to me the proper source ofinformation. Your answers to these queries will much oblige, and be of in-finite service to, Your obedient servant,

A MANCHESTER STUDENT OF MEDICINE.

Probably some of our naval correspondents will render us some aidin replying to the questions contained in this note.THE request of X. Y. shall be speedily complied with.THE letter of lllr. Crocke2- arrived too late for insertion this week; it shall

receive early attention.To the Editor of THE LANCET.

SiR,&mdash;Will you inform me if the public may rely on the insertions in theMedical Directory" as being correct, or does the editor merely insert thenames of every person who pleases to call himself a medical man, withoutaffixing date or locality to his professed qualification ?What is to be understood by such as the following, which I take from the

book in question, at random :-" Bird, Rd., Tamworth, M.R.C.S.; Booth, Jas., Millbridge, M.R.C.S.; Bry-

den, Jas., Gosforth, M.R.C.S.; Reilly J., Ware, M.R.C.S.; Warren, Hen.,Knighton, M.R.C.S."No date to any of the above.Now, Sir, I maintain, that to be useful to the public, and to the medical

profession, the date should be insisted on, or the name rejected, or placedon a black list. Otherwise the book will advertise numbers of quacks. Iknow of one who flourishes in the " Directory," and he lives about twentymiles from London.

I need not apologize for selecting the above names, as I have made nopersonal comment on them. I am, Sir, your obedient servant,

NON-MEDICUS.

WE cannot decipher the signature of the correspondent who has writtento us concerning " relief for the toothach."

To the Editor of THE LANCET.

Sir,&mdash;I am the son of a medical practitioner, and have ’been educated in aprivate establishment only, and I wish to know whether I can, under suchcircumstances, matriculate at the London University.

I should also be obliged if you could inform me, whether I can matricu-late after the age of twenty-three.-I am, Sir, your obedient servant,

Feb. 21st, 1849. S. W. N.Our correspondent can matriculate. There is no restriction as to age

after sixteen years; the only regulation that S. W. N. must conform to, isto send his certificate of birth to the registrar of the university, at least four-teen days before the period of examination.

ERRATUM.&mdash;In our last number, p. 240, column 2, 27th line from the top,for " 53rd" read " 55th."

Communications have been received from-Mr. Lawrance, (Engineers,Masonic, and Universal Mutual Life Assurance;) Medicus; Mr. Todd,(Evenwood;) S. W. N.; Desperandum; Mr. NF .kivell, (St. Columb ;) ;)G. F. E., (Bristol;) The Honorary Secretary of the Manchester Medico-Ethical Association; Research; Mr. Stammers, (Exeter Hall;) Collegian;Professor Syme ; Dr. Tilt; Mr. Yates, (Bedford ;) Dr. Clay, (Manchester.)Mr. Luke; Mr. Ferguson, (Manchester;) Amicus; W. H. C.; Dr. Ayre,(Hull;) One of the Unfortunates; Mr. Rolph; Dr. Brown, (Naples;) A;Dr. Moon, (Lewes;) Mr. Martin, (Reigate;) Dr. J. C. Hall, (East Retford;)Anaesthetic, (Sunderland;) X. Y.; An Old Subscriber; Justitia, (St. George’sHospital;) Mr. H. C. Stewart; An Old Correspondent; Mr. Nunneley,(Leeds.)The Hereford Journal, Feb. 28th; Dundee Courier, Feb. 21st.