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logy; (4) Laryngology, Otology, and Rhinology.A thesis may be submitted as for M.D.

Bachelor of Pharmacy.—The Senate has approvedthe institution of the Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy,the course extending over three years.

Full details of the prescribed curricula can beobtained free on application to the Academic Registrar,University of London, South Kensington, S.W. 7.

MEDICAL SCHOOLS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.1

ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL AND COLLEGE.-The I

hospital contains 757 beds, of which 687 are forpatients in the hospital at Smithfield and 70 at theAlexandra Hospital, Swanley. Special departmentshave been organised for Diseases of Women andChildren, the Eye, Ear, Larynx, and Skin, as well asfor Orthopaedic and Dental Surgery, and for Electro-therapeutics and X Ray work. Whole-time ClinicalUnits under Professors of Medicine and Surgery have Ibeen established.Ten house physicians and ten house surgeons

are appointed annually, are provided with roomsand board, and receive JE80 a year as salary.A resident midwifery assistant, an ophthalmichouse surgeon, and a house surgeon for diseasesof the throat, nose, and ear are appointed everysix months, and are provided with rooms andboard and receive a salary of B80 a year. Threeresident administrators of anaesthetics are appointed,the senior for one year at a salary of 6150, and twojuniors for six months with a salary at the rate of 280per annum, with board and rooms. An externmidwifery assistant is appointed every three months,and receives a salary of 280 a year. The clinicalclerks, the obstetric clerks, the clerks to the medicalout-patients, the dressers to the surgical in-patientsand to the out-patients, and the dressers in the specialdepartments are chosen from the students. Aresidential College is attached to the hospital.There are quarters for the resident staff, casualty,

medical, surgical, and special out-patient departments,casualty wards, dispensary, and clinical lecturetheatre. There is a chemical laboratory attachedto the College as well as a laboratory devoted toinstruction in Public Health. A block is devoted toPathology, and contains the post-mortem room aswell as extensive laboratories for bacteriology, clinicalpathology, and pathological chemistry. The MedicalCollege Buildings include three large lecture theatres,a large dissecting room, laboratories for chemistry,biology, morbid anatomy and histology, and publichealth, as well as a spacious library (containing 14,500volumes), a well-appointed museum of anatomy,physiology, comparative anatomy, materia medica,botany, and pathological anatomy. The patho-logical museum is complete. A new block in Giltspur-street has recently been acquired and has been fittedup as lecture theatres and laboratories for physics,chemical physiology, experimental physiology, histo-logy, and pharmacology.Special Classes for the Primary and Final F.R.C.S.

are held twice yearly. Instruction in PreliminaryScience is given to University of London students inchemistry, biology, and physics throughout the year.Facilities for research work are afforded in the ClinicalUnits and Laboratories of pathological and otherdepartments. A Vacation Post-graduate Course,adapted to general practitioners, is given annually.

Scholarships given in aid of Medical Study.-Forfive of the Scholarships and the Exhibition-namely,(a), (b), two Entrance Scholarships in Science ofthe respective values of B75 and 2100 (c) EntranceScholarship in Arts, 2100 ; (d) Jeaffreson Exhibition,us50 ; and (e) Shuter Scholarship, 250-a full or

University course at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital is

1 For Metropolitan Centres affording Post-Graduate Facilitiessee p. 439.

required. The awards of (a) and (b) are made afterexamination in selections from the subjects ofChemistry, Physics, Zoology, Botany, Physiology,Anatomy, and Pathology ; (c) and (d) are awardedafter examination in Mathematics, Latin or

Greek or French or German, a second language orChemistry or Physics ; (e) is awarded after competitive eexamination among Cambridge Graduates in Anatomyand Physiology. The more important of the otherScholarships and prizes are as follows :-Four JuniorScholarships—(/) No. 1, 230, Anatomy and Physiology;(g) No. 2, .820, Anatomy and Physiology; (h) No. 3,225, Chemistry, Physics, and Biology ; (i) No. 4, J315,Chemistry, Physics, and Biology. (j) Senior Scholar-ship, 250, Anatomy, Physiology, and Chemistry ; (k)Kirkes Scholarship, 230 and medal, Clinical Medicine ;(l) and (m) two Brackenbury Scholarships, S39 each,one in Medicine and one in Surgery ; (n) Sir G.Burrows Prize, 10 guineas, Pathology ; (o) SkynnerPrize, 13 guineas, Regional and Morbid Anatomy;(p) Matthews Duncan Medal and Prize, 220, Midwiferyand Gynaecology; (q) Luther Holden ResearchScholarship in Surgery, awarded by election, B105;(r) Lawrence Research Scholarship and Gold Medalin Pathology, awarded by election, .8115; and(s) Baly Scholarship in Clinical Medicine, .875,awarded by examination.The recreation ground of 10 acres is at Winchmore

Hill for the use of the members of the Students’Union, which all students are expected to join. TheStudents’ Union contains a large reading and smokingroom, a committee and writing room, luncheon anddining hall, and a miniature rifle range.

Information may be obtained on application to theDean of the Medical College : Dr. T. W. Shore. TheWarden of the Residential College is Mr. R. M. Vick.

CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL.-The Hospital, to whichthe School is attached, contains 300 beds. Thereare special departments for Mental Diseases, Mid-wifery, Diseases of Women, of Children, of the Skin,Ear, Throat, Nose, and Teeth, for Orthopaedic Cases,X Ray work, and for Electrical Treatment.In the Medical School Demonstratorships and

Assistant Demonstratorships are open to studentsof the School. Medical, Surgical, and ObstetricRegistrars to the Hospital are appointed annually.Six House Physicians, six House Surgeons, and twoResident Obstetric Officers are appointed each year.Women students are admitted to the School andHospital upon the same terms and conditions as

men, and after qualification are eligible for residentHospital appointments.’, By an agreement with the University of Londonthe School sends its Primary and IntermediateStudents to receive their lectures and practical workat King’s College, which is situated within four minutes’walk.

Final studies are taken in the school and hospital,where systematic lectures, demonstrations, andtutorial classes are arranged to cover all the subjectsnecessary for qualifying examinations. Departmentsare also available for other final subjects of MateriaMedica and Operative Surgery.An Institute of Pathology with a whole-time staff

of scientific workers and fully equipped laboratorieshas been established. Students receive their trainingin Preventive Medicine, Pathology, Bacteriology, andBiochemistry here, and are encouraged to undertakeresearch. Special facilities are available for post-graduate research and study.The course in Ophthalmology is given in the Royal

Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital adjoining. Specialdemonstrations are arranged for Post-graduates.The Museum contains over 4000 specimens,

including a notable collection of over 800 gynaaco-logical specimens, the Cuthbert Lockyer Collection.The social comfort and convenience of students are

met by library, reading, and smoking-rooms, refresh-ment-room, in a Students’ Club. The Club, which

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is under the control of a committee of students,provides needful athletic recreation, and includes alsoa medical society.Further information may be obtained on application

to the Dean, Dr. W. J. Fenton, Medical School,Charing Cross Hospital, London, W.C.

ST. GEORGE’S HOSPITAL.-This hospital has a serviceof 436 beds, of which 180 are allotted to surgical, 150to medical cases, and 100 are at the ConvalescentHospital at Wimbledon. There are all the usualspecial clinical departments. One ward is set apartfor Diseases Peculiar to Women, and there is a

Maternity Ward of 11 beds. Children’s beds are

placed in the women’s wards. There are twoophthalmic wards.Twelve house physicians, 12 house surgeons, and

12 casualty officers are appointed annually. Specialattention is directed to the following paid appoint-ments, among others, which are open to studentsafter they have held house office :-Resident AssistantPhysician and Resident Assistant Surgeon, at B350per annum each ; Medical Officer to the Atkinson-Morley Convalescent Hospital, at 2300 per annum ;Medical Registrarship at 2200 per annum, SurgicalRegistrarship at 2200 ; Assistant Curatorship of theMuseum at 2100 ; Obstetric Assistantship (Resident)at 250 ; the post of Resident Anaesthetist at 2100 ; theposts (2) of Junior Anaesthetists, each at 230.Entrance Scholarships and Endowed Prizes of a

total value of 2700 are awarded annually ; a detailedlist is placed below. The entire teaching and labora-tories are now devoted to purely clinical subjects, andarrangements have been made with the authorities ofKing’s College for students who enter the first, second,or third year of the curriculum as students of St.George’s to carry out the necessary courses of instruc-tion at that College. Students then complete theircourse, without payment of any entrance fee, in aschool entirely devoted to clinical work.

Scholarships and Prizes.-At this school fiveentrance scholarships are given, the money value andthe subjects of examination being as follows : (a) and(b) two William Brown Exhibitions, 2120 and 280respectively ; (c) and (d) two University EntranceScholarships, 90 guineas and B70 respectively ; (e)Devitt-Pendlebury Scholarship, .850, Anatomy andPhysiology, except in the case of (c), subject ofexamination for which is General Pathology.This year, in addition to these Scholarships,

Exhibitions, each of the value of 240 and up tosix in number, will be awarded to candidates ofapproved merit in the Entrance Scholarships Exami-nation. The others are as follows : (f) AllinghamScholarship in Surgery for Students qualified not morethan two years, :885 ; ; (g) and (h) two BrackenburyPrizes, one in Medicine and one in Surgery, 233 each,open to students of not more than five years’ stand-ing ; (i) H. C. Johnson Memorial Prize, .819, PracticalAnatomy ; (j) Pollock Prize, .823, Physiology, Physio-logical Chemistry, and Histology ; (k) Clarke Prize,5; (1) Thompson Medal, ;89, Clinical Reports ;(m) Brodie Prize, 28, Clinical Reports ; (f2) WebbPrize, open to perpetual pupils, jB34, Bacteriology ;(o) Sir Francis Laking Memorial Prize, 265, open tostudents having registrable qualifications.The St. George’s Hospital Club, with smoking- and

luncheon-rooms, is on the hospital premises, and an’athletic ground at Wimbledon, is an amalgamation ofthe Hunterian Society, the Gazette, and the Rugbyfootball, cricket, lawn tennis, boxing, rifle, and golfclubs. Students have the advantage of a library ofmedical and scientific books which is kept up to date.Further information may be obtained from the

Dean of the Medical School, Dr. A. Feiling.

GCY’S HOSPITAL.-This hospital contains 616 beds.The whole of the medical school has been rebuiltduring the last 27 years. It provides ample accom-modation, with modern equipment, for all the non-clinical subjects of the medical curriculum.

, House physicians, house surgeons, out-patient. officers and assistant house surgeons, obstetric

residents, house surgeons in the departments ofl ophthalmology and genito-urinary diseases, house, physician in the department for diseases of children,

clinical assistants, clerks to anaesthetists, surgeons’dressers, clerks to medical units, post-mortem clerks,

. extern obstetric dressers, and dressers and clerks iní the special departments are appointed from amongi the students according to merit.i The following special departments are attached to, the hospital: Departments of ophthalmology, laryn-

gology, gynaecology, diseases of children, diseases of: the nervous system, dermatology, otology, actino-, therapeutics, anaesthetics; dentistry, orthopaedics,

vaccine, tuberculosis, genito-urinary and venerealdiseases, Salomon’s Welfare Centre (for Maternityand Children).

There is a Venereal Clinic, in accordance with theScheme of the Local Government Board and London

, County Council. Lectures and clinical instructionare given, to which Medical Students and Practitionersare admitted without fee.

Scholarships. - Six entrance scholarships are

awarded annually as follows :-(a) one War Memorialscholarship, of the value of 2200, to be awardedalternately in Arts and Science (next award, July,1928, in Arts ; (b) one Open Arts Scholar of 2100 forstudents under 19 years of age ; candidates may offerthemselves in either of the following groups :(1) English and any two of the following-viz., Latin,Greek, or Mathematics ; (2) English and any two ofthe following-viz., French, German, and Mathe-matics ; (c) one Open Junior Science scholarship forstudents under 20 years, 2100 ; subjects, any two ofthe following: Inorganic Chemistry, Physics, andBiology, and Mathematics ; (d) a confined JuniorScience scholarship of the value of 2100 is offered forcompetition, annually in July, to candidates who haveattended the Preliminary Science Classes at thisSchool ; (e) two open Science scholarships : (1) a WarMemorial scholarship of the value of 2100, awardedannually in September ; (2) an open scholarship ofthe value of 280, awarded annually in September, forstudents who have completed the curriculum for, orpassed the examinations in, Anatomy and Physiologyfor a medical degree in any University of the BritishEmpire, and who, during the nine months immedi-ately preceding the Scholarship examination, have notentered as students in any Metropolitan MedicalSchool other than Guy’s ; subjects, any two of thefollowing : Anatomy, Physiology, Organic Chemistry,Pharmacology, General Pathology.Within the grounds of the hospital are situated the

residential college, with accommodation for 35 students,the students’ club, with reading, smoking, luncheon,and dining-rooms, a fives court, and swimming bath.The athletic ground and club house is situated atHonor Oak Park, and can be reached in 20 minutesfrom the hospital.

Further information can be obtained from the Deanof the Medical School, Prof. T. B. Johnston.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON : EllCi’S COLL.EB.——TheMedical Faculty at this College deals with Preliminaryand Intermediate subjects, and instruction in thesesubjects is given in the College laboratories byuniversity professors and their assistants to studentsentering the College directly and also to students ofthe following four hospital schools which prepareonly for the final examinations-viz., King’s CollegeHospital, Westminster Hospital, St. George’s Hospital,and Charing Cross Hospital. The Faculty is opento both men and women.

Scholarships.-(a) Two Warneford Entrance Scholar-ships of 230 each for four years. Examination inApril, subjects selected from Divinity, Classics,Science. (b) Sambrooke Scholarship of .630 for threeyears. Examination in April, subjects selected fromClassics, Science. (c) Worsley Scholarships : 2100 in

five annual instalments of .620. (d) Rabbeth Scholar-

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ships of £ 30 and JB15 for best work in first year.(e) Second Year Scholarship of 220 tenable for oneyear. (f) Daniell Scholarship of S40 for one year.Awarded on University Honours Examination.(g) The Layton and the Berridge Research Student-ships of JE150 per annum each.For prospectus and further information application

should be made to the Dean of the Medical Faculty,King’s College, Strand, W.C. 2.

KING’S COLLEGE HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.-Thefinal subjects in the curriculum are taught at theMedical School of King’s College Hospital, which issituated at Denmark Hill, S.E. 5.The hospital has 400 beds, and provision will

ultimately be made for 600. There are specialdepartments for Bacteriology, Children, Clinical Patho-logy, Dermatology, Gynaecology and Obstetrics,Laryngology, Massage, Neurology, Odontology, Oph-thalmology, Orthopaedics, Otology, Physical Treat-ment, Psychological Medicine, Radiology, Rhinology,and Urology, each in charge of a specialist and his

_

staff. Clinics are also held in applied pharmacology,cardiology, and medical chemistry.The appointments open to ’students are those of

clinical assistant to the special departments ; medical,surgical, obstetric, and pathological tutorships ;resident casualty officers, house physicians and housesurgeons ; resident anaesthetist ; resident radiologist ;bacteriologist ; clinical pathologist ; pathological,medical, surgical, and obstetric registrarships. Six-teen resident medical and surgical officers are appointedhalf-yearly.

Scholarships and Prizes.-(a) Warneford Scholar-ships, (b) Sambrooke Scholarship, (c) RabbethScholarship, 220 ; (d) Medical Entrance Scholar-ships, 250 (Anatomy and Physiology), and 250(Pathology and Pharmacology) open to studentswho (1) propose to take a degree at any BritishUniversity, and have passed their Universityexamination in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics,and who (2) will become students at King’sCollege Hospital from date of entering uponScholarship ; (e) A Medical Entrance Scholarship inScience, value 50, tenable for five years, successfulcandidates to study at King’s College and King’sCollege Hospital; (f) Three Medical Scholarships, 240for fifth-year students, -820 for third-year students, and220 for second-year students ; (g) Three SambrookeRegistrarships, open to matriculated students whohave filled certain appointments in hospital; (h)Carter Prize, :1515, Botany ; (i) Tanner Prize, 210,Obstetrics and Diseases of Women ; (j) Todd Prize,24 4s. and medal, Clinical Medicine ; (k) Two BurneyYeo Entrance Scholarships, :680 each, open to studentsof Oxford and Cambridge on the nomination of theRegius Professors ; (l) two Raymond Gooch Scholar-ships, 2120 each, open to students of British Univer-sities on certain conditions ; (m) an Epsom CollegeScholarship, value £ 0 at least, offered annually to astudent of Epsom College who has taken the firstpart of the courses for Medical Degrees at the Univer-sities of Oxford, Cambridge, or London. The Warne-ford and Sambrooke Scholars are required to take thesubjects of the preliminary and Intermediate examina-tions at King’s College, and the final subjects atKing’s College Hospital.

Dental School.-When the Hospital was builtaccommodation was provided for a Dental Depart-m.ent. This Department, fully equipped, is nowin use, together with additional rooms forDental Metallurgy, by the Dental School, which wasopened in November, 1923, under the direction ofMr. A. Livingston, M.B., Ch.B., Mast. Dent. Surg.A full course is given in cooperation with King’sCollege, and includes arrangements for students whodesire to avail themselves of the special provisions ofthe Dentists Act.The King’s College Hospital Clubs and Societies

Union consists of the Listerian and Musical Societies,

the Students’ Common Rooms, and the variousathletic and sports clubs. The athletic ground, oversix acres in extent, is on Dog Kennel Hill, about tenminutes’ walk from the hospital. There are also" Tennis Courts in the grounds of the Hospital andof " The Platanes "-a hall of residence for studentsbelonging to the hospital.The Calendar of the School will be sent on applica-

tion to either of the following : Dr. H. WilloughbyLyle, Dean; Mr. S. C. Ranner, Secretary of theMedical School, King’s College Hospital, DenmarkHill, S.E. 5. ____

LONDON HOSPITAL.-The hospital, with its MedicalCollege and Dental School, is situated in Mile End-road, and contains 849 beds. There are specialdepartments for diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose andThroat, Skin, Teeth, and Pediatric, Orthopaedic,Venereal, Radiological, Electro- and Physico-thera-peutical and Inoculation Departments.A Clinical Unit in Medicine, under the charge of

a whole-time director, provides for the more elaboratemethods of diagnosis and treatment, and takes a

leading part in the initiation and coordination ofmedical research. The director has an assistantdirector, two assistants, and two house physicians.To each medical and surgical firm throughout the

hospital there is attached a First Assistant, who isresponsible for instructing the clerks or dressers ofthe firm in elementary medicine and surgery, andwho assists the honorary members of the firm inthe preparation of their demonstrations. In thedepartment of Obstetrics and Gyneecology there aretwo assistants and two resident accoucheurs. Specialcourses of lectures and demonstrations are arrangedin Medicine and Surgery and their ancillary subjects.Opportunities for research are provided under thesupervision of the staff.Owing to the large number of patients more appoint-

ments are open to students before and after qualifica-tion than at any other hospital. Holders of residentappointments have free board. Special classes areheld for the examinations of the University of London,for the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons,for the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians,and for other higher examinations. Special entries formedical and surgical practice can be made.

Scholarships and Prizes.-The following is a list ofthe Scholarships and Prizes :-Price Scholarship £ 100,and one Entrance Scholarship of 250, subjects of FirstMedical Examination at the University of London ;Epsom College Scholarship, free education, subjectsof First Medical Examination as above; Price

Scholarship, open to students of Oxford andCambridge Universities, (1) .6100, Pathology ; (2) 75.Human Anatomy and Physiology ; Buxton Prize, 40,subjects of Anatomy and Physiology ; three Prizesfor Clinical Work, £20 each, Medicine, Surgery, andObstetrics and Gynaecology ; . Sutton Prize, ;B20,Pathology ; Duckworth Nelson Prize, biennial, £10,Practical Medicine, and Surgery ; Letheby Prizes (2),£25, Chemistry and Chemical Pathology ; eightDressers’ Prizes, amounting to £40, zeal, efficiency,and knowledge of Elementary Clinical and Minor

Surgery ; Hutchinson Prize, triennial, £60, ClinicalSurgery ; Treves Prize; £15, Clinical Surgery; twoPractical Anatomy Prizes, £6 and £4 respectively;Andrew Clark Prize, £14, Clinical Medicine and Patho-logy ; T. A. Ross Proc. Acc. Prize, £10 10s., Clinical’ .Medicine and Pathology ; James Anderson Prizes.(4), £20, Elementary Clinical Medicine ; Arnold-Thompson Prize, £15, Diseases of Children ; K. E. D.Payne Prize, Research Scholarship, £20, Pathology ;and Liddle Prize, triennial, £120.

Medical Research Funds.—Funds to the value of over-£90,000 permit of financial assistance being given tostudents and graduates engaged in Medical Research.Two Residential Hostels are provided for students.

The recent additions to the hospital and collegebuildings include the Dunn Clinical Laboratories,The Bearsted Clinical Theatre, the Bernhard Baron

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Pathological Institute, and a hostel for 40 residentmedical officers. The Union Athletic Ground, 13 acres,is within easy reach of the hospital.

Dean : Professor William Wright, London HospitalMedical College, E. 1. ____

ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.—TheHospital and Medical School are situated close toPaddington station (G.W.R.) having on one side apoor district of 500.000 persons, and on the other sidethe residential districts of Kensington and Bayswater.The hospital contains 288 beds and extensions in

progress will raise this number to 334 and providetwo new operating theatres. By a scheme of affilia-tion, for teaching purposes, of certain neighbouringhospitals, the teaching facilities extend over 1000beds. The Medical School provides complete coursesof instruction, and students can join at once on

passing a Preliminary Examination in Arts. Termsbegin in October, January, and April.

Clinical Units in Medicine, and Surgery were estab-lished in 1920. Lying-in beds have recently beenadded, and, in addition to this, arrangements havebeen made by which all students take out a shortcourse of instruction in Practical Midwifery at QueenCharlotte’s Hospital without additional fee.Students specially interested in Pathology and

Bacteriology have singular advantages at St. Mary’s.The institute comprises seven special departments,the whole being under the personal direction of SirAlmroth Wright, F.R.S. Research Scholarships of£200 each are awarded annually to students workingin the departments of the institute ; and researchbeds have been instituted. Clerkships in Pathology,Bacteriology, and Chemical Pathology, lasting for aperiod of three months, are open to students of thefifth year, and enable them to carry out the Patho-logical and Bacteriological investigations of thewards, and learn the necessary technique undersupervision. Seventy-two of these posts are availableannually. Numerous appointments are open tonewly-qualified members of the Medical School, Iincluding ten salaried posts with salaries varyingfrom £200 to £750 per annum.

Entrance Scholarships.—Two Entrance Scholar-ships of the value of £210 each are awarded annually,by nomination in July, the Geraldine HarmsworthScholarship, £200, and one or more University Scholar-ships of £200 are awarded in July.The Athletic ground (10 acres) is situated at

Wembley and can be reached in 20 minutes by aconstant service of trains. A large pavilion hasrecently been added.For further information apply to the Dean of the

Medical School. ____

MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL.—The hospital contains over450 beds, with special wards for Cancer, Maternityand Gynaecological and Ophthalmological cases, andfor Diseases of Children. Other special departmentsinclude those for Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose andThroat, and Skin ; Nervous diseases, Orthopaedic cases,Diseases of the Rectum and Venereal Diseases. Thereis also an Electro-Therapeutic department. The CancerCharity, containing 92 beds and Special InvestigationLaboratories, offers unrivalled opportunities for thestudy of Cancer, both in its clinical and pathologicalaspects. In the Electro-Therapeutic Department,students obtain instruction in the Treatment of Lupusand Cancer by the X ray method of treatment.The Medical School, which includes the Bland-

Sutton Institute of Pathology and the Cancer ResearchLaboratories is fully equipped for the theoretical andpractical teaching of all the subjects of the medicalcurriculum, and for the Diplomas in Public Health, forwhich two courses are held yearly, commencing inApril and October. Ample laboratory and class-room accommodation is provided. The teachingstaff includes 6 Professors, 32 recognised Teachers,10 Demonstrators, 4 tutors. The Bland-Sutton Insti-tute of Pathology is completely equipped for routine

hospital investigations, teaching and research work,and contains a new lecture theatre and largepathological, bacteriological, biochemical, and clinicallaboratories, also smaller laboratories for individualresearch work. A well-equipped Anatomical andPathological Museum and Reference Library offerevery facility.

Other features of interest are : the institution of acourse in Medical Radiology and Electrology, underthe direction of the " Joel " Professor of Physics;D.P.H. course, under the direction of Dr. CharlesPorter, M.O.H., St. Marylebone. A primary F.R.C.S.class is held, and special classes to prepare studentsfor the Intermediate Examinations of the Universities.

All appointments are made without fee of anykind, and the following are appointed at intervalsannually : six house physicians, eight house surgeons,two obstetric and gynaecological house surgeons, twocasualty medical officers, two casualty surgical officers,two resident anaesthetists, and two resident officersto the special departments. The medical and surgicalcasualty officers are appointed twice a year. Nineregistrars are appointed annually. Non-residentqualified clinical assistants are appointed to assist inthe various out-patient departments. Clinical clerksand surgical dressers are also appointed in everydepartment.

Scholarships and Prizes.—Two Entrance Scholar-ships, value £100 each, and two University Scholar-ships, value £90 and £60, are awarded annually inSeptember. The successful candidates are requiredto become general students of the school. A FreerLucas Scholarship is awarded annually on the nomina-tion of the Headmaster of Epsom College. There arealso two Broderip Scholarships, value £60 and £40respectively ; the Lyell Gold Medal and Scholarship,value £55 5s. ; the John Murray Medal and Scholar-ship, value £25 (awarded every third year) : theFreeman Scholarship, value £30 ; the Hetley ClinicalPrize, value ;625 ; the Leopold Hudson Prize, value11 guineas ; and the Second Year’s Exhibition,value 10 guineas. There are also numerous classprizes.The Amalgamated Students’ Club includes the

following : Medical Society, Common Room Society,Musical Society, cricket club, football clubs, athleticclub, rowing club, chess club, lawn tennis club, andhockey club. There are a restaurant and gymnasiumin the school buildings, and large athletic grounds atN. Wembley, with new pavilion.For further particulars apply to the Dean or the

Secretary of the Medical School.

ST. THOMAS’S HOSPITAL.—This Hospital contains644 beds. There are special departments for the treat-ment of women, children, diseases of the eye, ear,nose and throat, skin, teeth, and for orthopaedics.Nervous and mental diseases are treated in specialdepartments. An electro-cardiograph has beeninstalled for the investigation of diseases of theheart. The Tuberculosis Department forms a partof the Lambeth scheme for treatment of patientsand for instruction. The Venereal Department hasbeen established as part of the London County Councilscheme. Departments for Radiology, Electro-therapy,Phototherapy, Massage and Remedial Physical Exer-cises are also special features. A speech clinic has beeninaugurated in connexion with the Children’s Depart-ment. Exceptional facilities are offered in the hospitallaboratories for the study of General Pathology, ClinicalPathology, Chemical Pathology, and of Treatment by Serums and Vaccines. Surgical operationstake place in the main theatres every day, exceptSaturdays, at 2 P.M. Clinical teaching in the wards,out-patients’ and special departments, is available-every day of the week. Clinical lectures are delivered.every Wednesday during the sessions. A ClinicalUnit in Medicine has been established.

All appointments in the hospital are open tc..students without extra fee. Clinical cleiks and

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dressers for in- and out-patients are selected fromstudents who have completed their third years’ work.Every student acts as clerk in the post-mortem room and in one of the pathological laboratories, takes his turn on maternity duty under proper supervision inthe maternity ward and district, thus obviating anynecessity for seeking instruction elsewhere. Studentsare instructed in the administration of anaesthetics bythe hospital anaesthetists. :

The arrangements are made to meet the require-ments of all the Examining Bodies. Special classesare held for the examinations at the University ofLondon and for the First and Final FellowshipExaminations of the Royal College of Surgeons ofEngland. Tutorial classes in all subjects precede thevarious examinations. The hospital is easily accessiblefrom all parts.

Appointments.—A Resident Assistant Physician anda Resident Assistant Surgeon, salary 2225 each perannum, and a Resident Anaesthetist, salary j3200 perannum, are appointed annually. Two HospitalRegistrars, Medical and Surgical, at an annual salaryof f:250 each are appointed yearly. The tenure ofthese offices may be renewed for a term not exceedingtwo years. A Pathological Registrar to the Depart-ment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (at an annualsalary of 2250), an Ophthalmic Registrar (at an annualsalary of £50), and an Orthopaedic Registrar (unpaid)are appointed yearly. Two Senior Resident CasualtyOfficers (Medical and Surgical) are appointed yearly.Eight Resident Casualty Officers and Anaesthetists

are appointed every six months. Seven House Phy-sicians (including two Obstetric House Physicians,and one House Physician to the Department of Diseasesof Children), nine House Surgeons (including twoOphthalmic House Surgeons, one Orthopaedic HouseSurgeon, and two House Surgeons to the Ear, Nose andThroat Department) are appointed every six months.Clinical Assistants in the Special Departments areappointed every three months, and hold office forsix months if recommended for re-election. Thereare three Assistants in the Department of Pathology ;the Senior receives 2600 a year, and the two JuniorsB450 each.

Scholarships and Prizes.-At this school there arefive Entrance Scholarships-namely, two in Arts,equivalent to the tuition fees for the first year ofstudy ; two in Natural Science, of the value of £150and 260 respectively ; and the University Scholarshipof f:l00 in any two of the following: Anatomy,Physiology, Pathology, Chemistry. The value of allentrance scholarships must be taken out in tuition fees.The money value and subjects of examination of theremainder are as follows : (a) William Tite Scholarshipfor second-year students, £25 ; (b) and (c) MusgroveScholarship or (alternately) Peacock Scholarship, eachfor third-year students and tenable for two years, 235each; (d) Mead Medal, Medicine, Pathology andHygiene ; (e) Wainwright Prize, Medicine ; (f) TollerPrize, Medicine ; (g) Cheselden Medal, Surgery andAnatomy ; (h) Clutton Memorial Medal in ClinicalSurgery, biennial; (i) Beaney Scholarship, £50,biennially, Surgery and Surgical Pathology; (j)Solly Medal and Prize, biennial, Reports of Cases ;(k) Sutton Sams Prize, biennial, Report of Cases ;(l) Bristowe Medal, Pathology and Morbid Anatomy ;(m) Hadden Prize, Pathology and Morbid Anatomy ;(f2) Grainger Testimonial Prize, £31 10s., Anatomy andPhysiology ; (o) Louis Jenner Research Scholarship,tenable for two years, 960 annually, Pathology;!p) School Council Research Scholarship, 2250 perannum, tenable for two years ; (q) John and TempleResearch Fellowship, tenable for two years, .8450,Children.

St. Thomas’s House, the New Students’ Clubrecently opened, comprises spacious dining-, smoking-,and reading-rooms, and accommodation for some60 resident students. There is no occasion for studentsto leave the hospital premises during working hours.

Further information may be obtained from theDean of the Medical School.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.-University College has been constituted a Univer-sity centre for the teaching of medical sciences.The College Faculty of Medical Sciences comprisesthe Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Botany,and Zoology (the Preliminary Medical Sciences);also the Departments of Anatomy, Histology, Physio-logy, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology (the Inter-mediate Medical Sciences), and the Department ofHygiene and Public Health. Research work is under-taken in all departments. The completion of theInstitute of Medical Sciences, which the generosityof the Rockefeller Foundation made possible, providesexceptional facilities for research and post-graduatestudy in anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology. Inparticular might be specified the opportunities forinvestigation in human and comparative embryologyand neurology, in histology, radiology, anthropology,biochemistry, and experimental physiology andexperimental embryology. Arrangements exist forthe close correlation of work in the Institute withUniversity College Hospital and Medical School.

Scholarships and Prizes.-The first three items onthe present list require a complete intermediate courseat University College. The money value and subjectsat examinations are as follows : (a) The BucknillScholarship, 160 guineas ; (b) and (c) two EntranceExhibitions, 55 guineas each, Chemistry, Physics,Botany, and Zoology ; (d) Cluff Memorial Prize, £15biennially, Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, andChemistry ; (e) Schafer Prize in Physiology, £18triennially ; (f) Sharpey Physiological Scholarship,B115, Biological Sciences; (g) Morris Bursary for sons ofdeceased professional men, by nomination, tenable fortwo years, £16 a year; and (h) five Gold and five SilverMedals awarded annually in various departments:Women students are admitted.

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.-The final subjects in the curriculum are taught atthe Medical School of the hospital, which has 500 beds,including 60 in the new obstetric hospital. The courseof instruction is suitable for the examinations at theUniversities of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, and otherBritish Universities, and for the medical educationrequired by the Examining Board in England and theSociety of Apothecaries. Clinical Units in Medicine,Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology are now inoperation. The whole-time Directors of the Units areconcerned with the organisation of the teaching gener-ally, but the honorary staff are responsible for thelargest share of the teaching in the wards and Out-patient Department of the hospital. The departmentof otology, rhinology, and laryngology (the Royal EarHospital) has been provided with a separate buildingin Hunter-street, adjacent to the obstetric hospital.It contains 38 beds, including eight private wards forpatients of limited means. The hospital is equippedwith all modern appliances for investigation. Thenew buildings of the Obstetric Hospital of 60 beds(rendered possible by the Rockefeller Benefaction),the new Residents’ House (with accommodation for30 residents and students), the extension to the Nurses’Home, and new research laboratories for the MedicalSchool are now finished and in full occupation.Those who are desirous of carrying out original

research in Pathology, including Morbid Anatomy,Bacteriology, Experimental Pathology, and ChemicalPathology, are admitted to work in the labora-tories of the school by the Professor of Pathology,and under certain conditions can receive grants fromthe Charles Graham Medical Research Fund. Aspecial course of instruction is given in conjunctionwith University College for preparation for the exam-inations for Diplomas in Public Health of the variousuniversities and examining bodies. In the DentalSchool in Great Portland-street, formerly knownas the National Dental Hospital, there is affordedthe opportunity for attending lectures and practicalinstruction in diseases of the mouth and teeth,

Appointments.—Clerkships and dresserships to thephysicians, surgeons, anaesthetist, and pathologist are

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allotted amongst the students of the hospital.Maternity students are appointed each month andreside in the Students’ House connected with theMedical School and Hospital. Fourteen housephysicians, six house surgeons, ten obstetric assistants,two house surgeons to the Royal Ear Hospital (of thetotal number of resident officers not more than threemay be held by women students at any one time) areselected annually by examination from among thesenior students who have a medical qualification.All house officers reside free in the hospital. Inaddition to these posts there are certain specialappointments which are vacant from time to timeand are filled by senior students of the hospital:Resident Medical Officer, Surgical Registrar. MedicalRegistrar, Obstetric Registrar, Harker-Smith CancerRegistrar, Ophthalmic Registrar, Registrar to theRoyal Ear Hospital, Casualty Medical Officer and aCasualty Surgical Officer, Assistants in Ear andThroat, Skin and Venereal Diseases Departments,and House Anaesthetist.

Scholarships and Prizes.-At this School the firsttwo Scholarships (a) and (b) entitle the holder to acomplete course at University College and UniversityCollege Hospital Medical School ; the second two (c)and (d) entitle to a final course at the Medical School.The money value and subjects of examination are asfollows :-(a) Entrance Scholarship, Bucknill, 135guineas, Chemistry, Physics, Botany, and Zoology ;(b) Epsom Free Medical Scholarship, subjects ofPreliminary Scientific Examination and Nominationby Epsom College ; (c) and (d) two Goldsmid EntranceExhibitions 112 guineas each, Anatomy or Physiology,or General Pathology; (e) Graham Scholarship inPathology, £300 per annum for two years, awardedby the Senate of the University of London ; (f)Atkinson Morley Scholarship, tenable for three years,£45 per annum, Surgery ; (g) Atchison Scholarship,tenable for two years, £55 per annum, GeneralProficiency in Medical Studies ; (h) Magrath ClinicalScholarship, about £150, Clinical Cases ; (i) PercivalAlleyn Scholarship, about £75, Surgery; (j) FilliterExhibition, £30, Pathology; (k) Erichsen Prize, £10 10s.,Practical Surgery ; (l) two Senior and two JuniorFellowes Clinical Medals for Clinical Medicine ; (m) twoListon Gold Medals for Clinical Surgery ; (n) AlexanderBruce Gold Medal for Pathology and Surgery ; and(o) Tuke Silver and Bronze Medals for Pathology.(p) Radcliffe Crocker Travelling Scholarship forDermatology. (q) Leslie Pearce Gould TravellingScholarship for Surgery.The Museum of Pathological Anatomy is open for

study daily, and microscopic sections of most of thespecimens have been prepared and are available forthe use of students on application to the Curator.The Anatomical Museum of the University of London,University College, is open to all students of UniversityCollege Hospital and Medical School on the recom-mendation of the School Committee. The MedicalLibrary, open daily to every student of the School,contains about 20,000 works on medical subjects,including all the current text-books and works ofreference required for study or research.The Medical Society of University College Hospital

Medical School exists for the dual purpose (1) ofpromoting the study of medical and surgical science,and (2) of promoting social intercourse among itsmembers. All male students of the Medical School arerequired to become members. Meetings are held oncea fortnight for the purpose of discussing subjectsconnected with the study of medicine. In its socialaspect the society includes various athletic clubs andsuperintends the gymnasium and squash racquetcourt in the Medical School, and the Athletic Groundat Perivale.

University College Hall, Ealing, is recognised bythe authorities as a residential hostel. The Students’House in University-street contains large and com-fortable rooms. The Maternity Students occupythem on payment of a moderate charge.

Full information can be obtained from the Deanof the School.

WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL.—The Hospital contains236 beds. By a scheme for the concentration of theteaching of the preliminary and intermediate subjectsof the curriculum, which has the support of theLondon University, an arrangement has been madeby the Westminster School for the teaching of thesesubjects at King’s College. Students, however, mayjoin the Westminster Medical School as formerly andmay compete for Entrance Scholarships as heretofore.There are separate departments for Diseases of the

Eye, Skin, Teeth, Ear, Nose, and Throat, for Ortho-pædic practice, for Diseases of Women, for Diseases ofChildren, for Radiography, for Venereal Diseases,and for Massage, Electrical and Light Treatment.The Anatomical, Pathological, and Materia MedicaMuseums are open to all students of the school.The usual registrars hips and house appointments

are open to male and female students.

Scholarships and Prizes.-The following EntranceScholarships are offered for competition: WinterSession: Two Scholarships in Anatomy and Physio-logy, £70 each. Summer Session : Two Scholarshipsin Anatomy and Physiology, £70 each. A certainnumber of Scholarships have been allotted to Univer-sities of England, Wales, and the Colonies, and toPublic Schools. These Scholarships are awardedentirely on the nomination of the principal of theuniversity or school. During the period of study thefollowing prizes may be competed for: Sturges Prizein Clinical Medicine, about £6, Reports on Cases ;Clinical Surgery Prize, £5, Reports on Cases ; ChadwickPrize, £21 in books or instruments-Medicine andSurgery, including Pathology and Applied Anatomyand Physiology ; Frederic Bird Medal and Prize, opento Fourth-year Students, £14 in medal and books orinstruments-Midwifery, Diseases of Women, Medicine,Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Bacteriology, andPublic Health and Toxicology ; Abrahams Prize inClinical Pathology, 5 guineas, a Paper and Tests inPractical Work ; Alfred Hughes Memorial Prize, opento Second-year Students, about £5 in books or instru-ments-Anatomy; Huxley Memorial Prize, 3 guineasin books or cash, open to Second-year Students-Physiology ; Carter Gold Medal and Prize for Botany,open to Students of not more than three years’ attend-ance, gold medal and books of the joint value of £15 ;Jelf Medal awarded to Third-year Students ; Second-year Scholarship £20, Elementary Anatomy, Physio-logy, Histology, and Organic Chemistry; DaniellScholarship, £40, Chemistry ; Rabbeth Scholarshipsopen to First-year Students, one of £30 and one of £10 ;Class Examinations in the Preliminary ScientificCourse.The Athletic Grounds are situated in Tooting and

are reached in 20 minutes from the hospital.Inquiries should be addressed to the Dean of the

Medical School. ____

LONDON (ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL). SCHOOL OF

MEDICINE FOR WOMEN, 8, Hunter-street, W.C.-The Royal Free Hospital contains 240 beds. TheHospital also has large Casualty and Out-patientDepartments, and Departments for Special Diseases.A new and specially equipped block contains theObstetrical and Gynaecological Unit, which controls68 beds. A Children’s Department, including 18 cots,an Orthopaedic Department, and a Light Depart,ment have recently been added to the Hospital.Maternity Districts are attached to the Unit

operating in the Gray’s Inn-road and Essex-roadareas. A new Maternity Hostel has been acquired at434, Essex-road. Students also attend the in-patientand out-patient practice of the Elizabeth GarrettAnderson Hospital, Cancer Hospital, Hospital forSick Children, Great Ormond-street, National Hospitalfor Paralysed and Epileptic, South London Hospital,and Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital.A Clinical Unit in Obstetrics has been established.

Courses are arranged for the Primary FellowshipExamination of the College of Surgeons ; also fordental students in conjunction with the Royal LondonDental Hospital, Leicester-square.

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The School buildings have been entirely rebuilt inrecent years, and there are spacious, well-equippedlaboratories, which afford every facility for efficiencyof teaching and practical work in all departments.

There are residential chambers at 8, Hunter-street,25, Gordon-square, 16, Brunswick-square, 5, Mecklen-burgh-square, and 36, Tavistock-square, and theWarden can be consulted on the subject of otherresidences for students. The Students’ Unionarranges the social, athletic, and other clubs andsocieties. The School sports ground, consisting of7 acres of freehold land, is situated at Sudbury(easily reached from Euston Station).

Students after qualification can hold the posts ofhouse physicians, house surgeons, obstetric assistants.clinical assistants, assistant anaesthetist, medical,gynaecological, and surgical registrars, and assistantpathologist; and at the Medical School the posts ofdemonstrators in the departments of Anatomy,Physiology, Pharmacology, Biology, Chemistry, andPhysics. Many other resident posts in London andelsewhere are also open to them.

Scholarships and Prizes.-(a) Isabel Thorne Scholar-ship, £30. (b) St. Dunstan’s Medical Exhibition, £60a year, tenable for three or five years. (c) Mrs.George M. Smith Scholarship,. £50 a year, tenablefor three or five years. (d) Bostock Scholar-ship, tenable for two or four years, £90 (e) MabelSharman-Crawford Scholarship, tenable for four years,£20 a year. (f) Sir Owen Roberts Scholarship, £75a year for four years, (g) Mabel Webb ResearchScholarship, tenable for one year and renewable,£30, Physiology, Chemistry, or Pathology. (h)Fanny Butler Scholarship, tenable for four years ;next award in July, 1931, £16. (i) John ByronBursary, tenable for two years, for students alreadyin the School requiring assistance for the prosecu-tion of their medical studies; application to theSecretary by March 31st next, :620. (k) Helen PrideauxPrize and Julia Ann II. Cock Prize, awardedalternately every year to a student who has becomequalified during the two years immediately precedingthe award, and to be spent in assisting the holderto further study, £60 each. (1) Dr. Edith PecheyPhipson Post-graduate Scholarship of the value of£100, awarded annually in June. It is open to allmedical women, preferably coming from India, or

going to work in India, for assistance in Post-graduatestudy. (m) Sarah Holborn Scholarship, value £20a year for three or five years, awarded every alter-nate year ; next award in 1929. (n) Dr. MargaretTodd Scholarship, tenable for four years, £37 10s. ayear, awarded in alternate years ; next award in July,1929. (o) Lieutenant Edmund Lewis and LieutenantAlan Lewis Memorial Scholarship, tenable for fouryears, awarded every four years ; next award in July,1928. (p) Alfred Langton Scholarships, tenable twoyears, one awarded annually, £50 a year. (q) SchoolJubilee Bursary, tenable for three years, £50 a year.(r) Flora Murray Bursary, awarded every year to afifth-year student, £50. The Dorothy Chick Gift, £20,is awarded annually for efficiency in Practical Mid-wifery. Two Richardson-Kuhlmann Prizes are giveneach year, value £12, for proficiency in ClinicalObstetrics, value £8, for proficiency in senior subjectsrespectively. Two Evans Prizes of 2 2s. and £1 Is. aregiven each year on the results of the class examinationin Midwifery. The Evans Prize for Operative Mid-wifery, value JE5 5s.; the Dr. Helen Webb Prize forChildren’s Diseases, £5 5s. ; the Mary Swann Prize inGynaecology, 95 5s. ; the Edward Hanson Prize inPhysiology, jE2 10s. and the Edith Pechey PhipsonPrize in Pharmacology, value £3 3s., are awardedannually.

Inquiries may be addressed to the Warden andSecretary of the Medical School.

LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICALMEDICINE (University of London).-The new Depart-ments of Bacteriology and Immunology underProf. Topley, and of Epidemiology and Vital Statistics

under Prof. Greenwood, will open with advancedcourses of study on Oct. 4th next, the Bacteriologycourse (covering the new Diploma) at 6, Gordon-square, W.C., and the Epidemiology course atthe National Institute for Medical Research atHampstead. The existing Departments of theSchool dealing with the courses of study for TropicalMedicine and Hygiene will continue for the presentin the building occupied by the Hospital for TropicalDiseases at Endsleigh-gardens. There are two suchcourses in the year, each lasting 20 weeks, inclusiveof examinations. The dates for the commencementof each course are Oct. 3rd, 1927, and March 12th,1928, respectively. The course covers the work

required for the D.T.M. and H. (England) and partof that required for the M.D. in Tropical Medicineof the University of London. For facilities forclinical and pathological study the School is indebtedto the Seamen’s Hospital Society, who, prior toAugust lst, 1924, were responsible for the LondonSchool of Tropical Medicine. Research studentshipsand scholarships are available, and full particularswith regard to these and the courses of study generallymay be obtained from the Secretary of the School,23, Endsleigh-gardens, Euston-road, W.C.

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM.Nine degrees, two Diplomas, and one Licence are

conferred-viz., the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine,Bachelor of Surgery, Doctor of Medicine, Master ofSurgery, Doctor of Surgery, Bachelor of Hygiene,Doctor of Hygiene, Bachelor of Dental Surgery andMaster of Dental Surgery, the Diploma in PublicHealth, Diploma in Psychiatry, and the Licence inDental Surgery.For the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor

of Surgery there are four professional examinations.The subjects of the First Examination are-Elemen-tary Biology and Organic Chemistry. The subjectsof the Second Examination are-Anatomy andPhysiology. The subjects of the Third Examina-tion are-Materia Medica, Pharmacology, generalprinciples of Therapeutics and Pharmacy. MedicalJurisprudence, Public Health, and Pathology andBacteriology. The subjects of the Fourth Examina-tion are—Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Therapeutics,Surgery, Clinical Surgery, Operative Surgery, Mid-wifery and Gynaecology, Psychological Medicine,and Diseases of the Skin, of the Throat, Nose, andEar, and of Children, and Ophthalmology. It isrequired that at least one of the five years of profes-sional education shall be spent at the UniversityCollege of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.For the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of

Surgery a candidate must not be less than 24 yearsof age. He must also have obtained the degrees ofBachelor of Medicine and Surgery of the Universityof Durham, and must have been engaged for at leasttwo years subsequently to the date of admission tothese degrees in search work, or in attendance onthe practice of a recognised hospital, or in the navalor military services, or in medical or surgical practice.The candidate for the M.D. degree may present anessay or undergo a special clinical examination in theTheory and Practice of Medicine. The subjects ofexamination for the M.S. are :-Principles andPractice of Surgery, Surgical Pathology, Surgical

, Anatomy, Surgical Operations, Clinical Surgery.Doctor of Medicine (without residence).-The Uni-

versity of Durham has instituted a special examina-tion whereby the degree of Doctor of Medicine may beobtained without residence. Candidates must not beunder 40 years of age and must have been in activepractice for 15 years as registered medical prac-titioners. They must also produce certificates ofmoral character from three registered members ofthe medical profession. The fee is 50 guineas (includ-

, ing the degree fee), of which 20 guineas is retained if. the candidate fails to satisfy the examiners.

Doctor of Surgery.—The University of Durhamgrants the Degree of Doctor of Surgery. Candidates