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Medical searching
Kazem Heidari
Reading in medicine
• BrowsingReading for fun of itBooks and journals are used.
• Reading for informationApproach the literature answers for specific
questionFocused searching
• Reading for researchComprehensive view of the existing state of
knowledgeReviews (systematic) are used
Reading journals
• Browsing mode– Printed version is easier.
• Problem solving mode– Electronic version is easier.
Question
search
Answer
The better formulated your question is,
the more relevant your “answer” is likely to be.
TYPES OF QUESTIONS
• Background
• Foreground
Background and foreground questions
Background
Foreground
Experience with Condition
Five Information Sources Clinicians Must Use
1. Journals: general, specialized, and summary2. MEDLINE, EMBASE and/or other major
database service(s)3. Internet: search engines, directories,
government sites, etc.4. Textbooks (slowly changing factual
information)5. “Personal collection” to support routine
activities (e.g., personal specialty reprint collection)
Electronic Resources
• Databases
• Electronic textbooks
• Electronic journals – Free– Subscription services
Benefits of electronic resources
We focus on online rather than print products because they are
generally easier to search and more current than
print products
Search strategy
Search Strategy
• A systematic process used to find the most relevant information on a topic:
– Useful reference sources, – Select works appropriate for the
research need,– Locates information– Evaluates the relevance of the
information found
Principles are similarbut
Methods are different
Question
Question
Specify your search goalSensitive
Specific
Question
Specify your search goalSensitive
SpecificSelecting Database
Bibliographic
Value added
Question
Specify your search goalSensitive
SpecificSelecting Database
Bibliographic
Value added
Constructing the search strategy
Constructing the search strategy
Selecting the most important and relevant words
Constructing the search strategy
Selecting the most important and relevant words
Broad searching
Constructing the search strategy
Selecting the most important and relevant words
Broad searching
Investigating the results
Constructing the search strategy
Selecting the most important and relevant words
Broad searching
Investigating the results Few results
Constructing the search strategy
Selecting the most important and relevant words
Broad searching
Investigating the results Few results
Browse
Constructing the search strategy
Selecting the most important and relevant words
Broad searching
Investigating the results Few results
Browse
Change the wordsChange databaseApply
Finding synonyms
Constructing the search strategy
Selecting the most important and relevant words
Broad searching
Investigating the results Few results
Large amount of results
Large amount of results
Large amount of results
Boolean searchingLimit fields Search filters
Large amount of results
Boolean searchingLimit fields Search filters
Investigating the results
Large amount of results
Boolean searchingLimit fields Search filters
Investigating the results
Few resultsLarge amount of results
Large amount of results
Boolean searchingLimit fields Search filters
Investigating the results
Few resultsLarge amount of results
Large amount of results
Boolean searchingLimit fields Search filters
Investigating the results
Few resultsLarge amount of results
Change databaseApply
Databases
• Free• Not free OR• Prefiltered• Nonfiltered OR• Bibliographic• Fulltext
Medline
• By US National Library of Medicine
• over 11,000,000 citations of both clinical and preclinical studies.
• comprehensive coverage of medical journals and because it is readily accessible.
• American bias
Medline
Free of charge using• Pubmed
commercial vendorOVIDSilver Platter.
www.pubmed.com
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi
http://www.tums.ac.ir
http://diglib.tums.ac.ir/
EMBASE• Elsevier Science Publishers,
Netherlands• Type of Database: Bibliographic• Numbers of Journals: 3500• Bias: European in focus• Subject Coverage: Strong on
Pharmaceutical and Clinical Medicine• Overlap with MEDLINE estimated at
between 25 and 40%• 75% of References contain Abstracts
http://diglib.tums.ac.ir/
http://www.acpjc.org/
• ACP journal club– Prefiltered database– since 1991 – General purpose: select from the biomedical
literature articles that report original studies and systematic reviews that warrant immediate attention by physicians attempting to keep pace with important advances in internal medicine
• Trip database:– Allows users to rapidly and easily
identify high quality medical literature from a wide range of sources
http://www.tripdatabase.com
• Search in trip pic
EMBASE
MEDLINE
UNIVERSE OF BIOMEDICAL JOURNALS30,000
Grey Literature