Medical Survival Khmer: A Khmer language module for medical professionals

8/9/2019 Medical Survival Khmer: A Khmer language module for medical professionals

1/98

Medical Survival Khmer A Khmer language module for medical professionals....

Educational Helps and Compilation by Lynn Thigpen, MT (ASCP), CLS (NCA); Edited byDr. Jessica Lemm (Pharm.D.) and Dr. Woody Thigpen (OD)

Translation and Audio/Video Production by Meas Vannarith. Voice Recording by PhorlSokchan and Chhim Puthea. Body Bingo Cards created by Bethany Thigpen.

Cooperative Services International (CSI)• [email protected] • Copyright 2008

Permission granted to copy for educational purposes ONLY and NOT for profit.


2/98

Medical Survival Khmer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 3

Lesson 1: Where Does It Hurt? 6

Lesson 2: Upper Body Parts - External 8

Lesson 3: Lower Body Parts - External 10

Lesson 4: Other Major Body Parts - Internal 14

“Chew Aye” Video Listening Record 16

Lesson 5: Other Major Body Parts - Internal (Part B)

17

The Organ Review 20

Lesson 6: Pain (Frequency, Duration, etc.) 21

“I Am in Pain” Listening Exercise 23

Lesson 7: Symptoms (Non-Pain) 25

Lesson 8: Bodily Functions/Responses 28

Lesson 9: Feelings 31

Lesson 10: Illnesses/Diseases/Conditions (Part A) 33

Lesson 11: Illnesses/Diseases/Conditions (Part B) 36

Lesson 12: Illnesses/Disease/Conditions (Part C) 38

Lesson 13: Basic Anatomy of the Eye and Eye-Related Terms 41

Lesson 14: Dental Terms 43

Dental Terms Homework Assignment 46

Lesson 15: Terms Related to the Skin (Part A) 47

Lesson 16: Terms Related to the Skin (Part B) 49

Lesson 17: Medications and Related Terms 51

Lesson 18: Dispensing Medications (Part A) 53

Lesson 19: Dispensing Medications (Part B)

55Lesson 20: Medical/Health-Related Instructions/Treatments 57

Lesson 21: Medical/Diagnostic Questions and Instructions 59

Lesson 22: Laboratory Terms (Part A) 62

Lesson 23: Laboratory Terms (Part B) 64

Lesson 24: Medical Paraphernalia/Miscellaneous terms 66

Lesson 25: Khmer Cultural Medicine Terms 69

Appendix 73

Dictionary (English-Khmer Medical Terms with Phonetics) 80


3/98

Medical Survival Khmer A Khmer language module for medical professionals....

INTRODUCTION

This text was compiled with medical professionals in mind - those desiring to serve both

short-term and long-term in Cambodia. This curriculum assumes that you already possesses

some basic knowledge of the Khmer language - indeed that you have already mastered Sur-

vival Khmer and know how to greet and interact with your patients, even if it this is done on a

simple level. Please also note that not every illness and body part are covered in this text.

This resource is meant to be a beginning point for your further learning of medical terms in

Khmer. You will also note this resource uses the same phonetic format as Survival Khmer,

Christian Survival Khmer, and Buddhist Survival Khmer . This particular format is designed

to allow you to jump into learning Khmer quickly. Simply read the phonetics as you would

read English. But please consult the Medical Survival Khmer CD to listen to the proper pro-

nunciation given by a Khmer national.

Practicing Medicine in Cambodia

You will encounter many unusual and unfamiliar forms of treatment in Cambodia. Many of

your patients will have already consulted someone knowledgeable in the practices of Khmer

traditional medicine ( kru k’my ), another person knowledgeable about the spiritual realm - a

kru tee-ay (fortune-teller), as well as having allowed friends or family to perform cupping or

coining on their bodies. (Consult the short video on the accompanying CD to see movie of

cupping and coining.) Your patients will not have thought to come to you or another medical professional before these others - or at the first sign of their problems. By the time you meetMedical Survival Khmer • CSI [email protected]• Copyright 2008

3

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


4/98

your patients, they may have been treated by many others, as they are eager to find some

source of relief, and they may have spent all they have on “physicians” - much like the story

in the gospels of the woman with the bleeding problem who sought to touch the hem of Jesus’

garment for her healing. Many have exhausted their resources and have nowhere else to turn.

Taking the History

Armed with this cultural information, you can imagine how important a good history and dia-

logue with your patients can be. Hopefully, you will have excellent staff surrounding you to

help you “get to the bottom” of the maladies you encounter, gently probing the patients and

their families’ memories for information on medicines previously taken and courses of action

previously followed. You will find that by and large your patients will not generally offer this

information from the start.

Treating Your Patient

There are many factors to consider in treating a Cambodian patient. Many Asians consider

the physician to be the specialist, the learned one and therefore are not predisposed to ques-

tioning him/her. They tend to follow the advice given whether they understand or not. Many

times an Asian physician might not divulge to the patient that he/she has cancer or AIDs and

is terminally ill, or the family may be told but not the patient.

For additional information in this area, please see the article entitled 10 Tips for Improving

the Caregiver-Patient Relationship Across Cultures from the American Medical Student Asso-

ciation in the Appendix of this resource.

Note: This text presents English medical terms, the Khmer terms written in phonetics, then

in Khmer script. The phonetics are written just as with Survival Khmer and are meant to be pronounced as you would read American English. These particular phonetics were chosen in

order to simplify the process of learning Khmer medical terms and so that a medical profes-

sional would not have to be able to read Khmer before he/she can begin to speak with pa-

tients. The learner will want to consult the accompanying CD in order to listen to the audio

version of this resource and to utilize the multi-media tools designed to assist in learning and

retaining each lesson. Some of the educational tools used to aid in retention of the informa-

tion may seem “unprofessional” (such as Body Bingo), but the learner who actually DOES

them will reap dividends in entertaining ways to remember a great deal of information in a

Medical Survival Khmer • CSI [email protected]• Copyright 2008

4



5/98

short period of time. Moreover, the learner will see that the homework assignments are de-

signed to give the learner structure and ways to use the information in order to remember it.

In addition, each lesson is created to be just enough for you to work on for one day - or one

lesson. If you can remember and USE more information, continue to the next lesson. But

the most important thing to remember is to go out into the community and use the new words

you have acquired THAT DAY. What you don’t use, you will lose!

Other Resources: Check for the updated Khmer version of Where There Is No Doctor. You

will also want to read the I Want to Know series (!" " # $ %& '()*') booklet Your Body and Health(!+,-.-/01-2'0/!34 ) published by SIPAR. (These can be purchased at the International Book Center - IBC.)

Note: It is not a simple endeavor to gather medical terms in Khmer. Some terms in use are

from the French, some from the English. Still others are explanations in Khmer. This docu-

ment is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather a starting point for those planning to work inthe medical field using the Khmer language. Please feel free to email us at wlthigpen@

mailcentral.biz regarding any errors in this document or in the audio files. We will be happy

to correct them.


5



6/98


LESSON 1: WHERE DOES IT HURT?

The first diagnostic question normally asked is

“What is your illness?”/“What pain do you have?”/”What hurts?”

The Khmer question that covers this idea is

“Chew aye?” 5678?

( Note: If the patient is of a higher status than you are - older, etc. - you will need to ask

“Chew away?” 5679:? And don’t forget to use the proper terms of address when speakingto your patients.)

Patients will normally respond by naming the area of the their body that hurts:

head hurts chew k’bahl 56;?@;

(See Lesson 12 for further discussion of eye anatomy and eye problems.)

leg hurts

chew jung 56AB:'

( Note: The jung can be the leg and/or the foot. You will want to ask to understand the pre-

cise location of the patient’s pain.)

stomach hurts chew poo-ah 56CDE chew graw-payah 56F;4E( Note: The word for snake sounds much like the word for stomach.)


6



7/98

ear hurts chew t’raw-jee-uk 56FG HI;

heart hurts chew beh-dong 56AJE)K'

neck hurts chew gaw 56;

throat hurts chew bom-pong gaw 56J%4'(;

arm hurts chew die-ee 56L)

( Note: The die-ee L) can be the arm or the hand. The sleeve in a garment is also called adie-ee L). You will want to ask to understand precisely which area if affected.)

back hurts chew k’nong 56!@'

( Note: You will want to clarify this, as the word for back sounds like the word for inside .)

shoulder hurts chew s’mah 56MN

Remembering this Lesson - Role Play

Have your tutor/language informant play a “Simon Says” type game with you and use this

new vocabulary. The tutor can tell you to touch the body part that hurts.

The two of you can also practice role-playing doctor and patient. Your tutor can pretend to be the patient, rehearsing all the vocabulary of Lesson 1 until you have mastered the material.

To show the tutor that you understand, you will need to point to the body part that hurts.

If this material is taught in a group, the teacher will want to have the students role play doctor

and patient roles back and forth.

Alternately, you may use a picture/flipchart designed for learning anatomy. They are sold at

the IBC (International Book Center).


7



8/98


LESSON 2: UPPER BODY PARTS - EXTERNAL

body clue-un !+ ,-

face moke ./!

hair sok 0;(

forehead t’ngah OP0

mouth mow-aht QG (

jaw

t’kgee-um OR.

(Note: Wisdom teeth are jaw teeth in Khmer. How would you say this?)

nose j’rah-moh F& ./E

lip baw boe mow-aht JJKS QG (


8



9/98

waist jawng-keh & A'UE

chest die-um t’roong A):.VW'

mammary glands dah AXE

arm die-ee L)

hand praw-op die-ee Y7J(Z

finger m’ree-um die-ee [.Z

wrist gaw die-ee ;Z

fingernail kraw-jock die-ee \& ;Z

joint sawn-lahk 0];̂(

Remembering this Lesson - Body Bingo

Play the game “Body Bingo (External)” by printing out the prepared Bingo cards that have

different body parts on them. Also print out the accompanying pictures for the Bingo caller to

choose from. The learner must listen to the various body parts called out and place a bean or

paper clip on the accompanying photo (or have the cards laminated and mark with a white-

board marker). Then when someone/the learner calls, “Bingo!” the winner must repeat

each body part he has heard called from his card. You will note that as a part of this exercise,

instead of using B-I-N-G-O, we have used the first 5 letters of the Khmer alphabet:

; ( gaw) ! ( kaw) _ ( go) ` ( koe ) ' ( ngo)


9



10/98


LESSON 3: LOWER BODY PARTS - EXTERNAL

foot praw-op jung Y7J(B:'

toe m’ree-um jung [.a:'

( Note: Many of your fingers and toes have names in Khmer. If you would like to learn these

with your tutor, they are listed on the next page for your information.)

knee jong-kong B'b'(

ankle gaw jung ;a:'

thigh

p’low-oo c^

hip t’raw-key-ick de;

buttocks goot _ Kf

abdomen

poo-uh AgE

penis lung =2'b

testicles pong s’vah 4'Mh0

anus t’wee-uh tome

i hS j %Medical Survival Khmer • CSI [email protected]• Copyright 2008

10



11/98

Remembering this Lesson - Body Bingo & Multimedia Listening

Play the game “Body Bingo (External)” by printing out the prepared Bingo cards that have

different body parts on them. Also print out the accompanying pictures for the caller to

choose from. You must listen to the various body parts called out by your tutor or other language helper and place a bean or paper clip on that photo (or have the cards laminated and

mark with a white-board marker). Then when one learner calls, “Bingo!” the winner must

repeat each body part he has heard called from his card.

See if you can also learn the Khmer version of the children’s song “Head, Shoulders, Knees,

and Toes.” On the accompanying CD you will find this video file. You will want to do this

exercise with your tutor first. The song words in Khmer are on the following page.

In addition, you will want to begin to listen to the multimedia file called “Chew Aye?” on the

Medical Survival Khmer CD . See if you can tell what these patients are suffering from! You

can record your results on the Listening Record found on page 16.

Fingers:

thumb may die-ee

kZ

(1st/head finger)

index finger jawng-ull die-ee & 'l $=Z (pointing finger)

middle finger k’mow-ik die-ee AmN& Z (ghost finger)

ring finger knee-ung die-ee ]'Z (unmarried young lady finger)

little finger goan die-ee ;K-Z (child finger)

Toes:

big toe may jung ka:'

little toe

goan jung ;K-a:'


11



12/98

Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes - the Khmer Version

The accompanying CD has a video of a young Khmer lady singing the children’s song “Head,

Shoulders, Knees, and Toes” in Khmer. You will want to listen to this song and learn to sing

it, along with doing the actions. This will be great fun for you to do with children and fun wayto learn the names of these body parts in Khmer.

;


13/98

B'b' ( & /'a:' knees toes

jawng-kong jong jung

oEZ p8' 0 S q 8S r E 7 ' b

clap hands we praise the Lord

tay-ah die-ee yeung saw-sigh-uh pray-ah awng


13



14/98


LESSON 4: OTHER MAJOR BODY PARTS - INTERNAL

brain koo-uh g’bahl !uS ;


15/98

pancreas lom-payng =%>4'

thyroid poke gaw 4;;

Remembering this Lesson - The Organ Review & Multimedia Listening

Go to the review after the next lesson and try your hand at naming each photo in Khmer.

Practice telling your neighborhood friends what each picture is.

Alternately, use a flipchart or picture/poster for learning anatomy and identify each part you

have learned in Khmer.

You can also role play with your tutor, with you as the doctor and your tutor playing the pa-

tient. You can practice telling the patient what body part they have a problem with.

In addition, you will want to continue to listen to the multimedia file called “Chew Aye?” on

the accompanying CD. See if you can tell what these patients are suffering from! Remember

to record your results on the Listening Record on page 16.


15



16/98


“CHEW AYE?” VIDEO LISTENING RECORD

Please record the results of your listening exercise below:

Patient #1 Complaint: __________________________________________________

Patient #2 Complaint: _________________________________________________








Patient #10 Complaint: ________________________________________________




16



17/98


LESSON 5: OTHER MAJOR BODY PARTS - INTERNAL (PART B)

bone ch’ung •l €'

to break a bone bahk ch’ung ;(•l €'

muscle sike dome M& ()/ ‚

to sprain g’rake ƒ&

to twist row-mull g’raw-puuh S .u=\C8

kidney

kraw-lee-un \„I-

ureter bom-pong nome J%4'(…D.

bladder p’lowk nome †+ D;…D.

urethra

twee-ah- nome

i hS ‡. glands

gone kawn-doll ;K-;ˆ‰ ŠS

vein saw-sigh-ee chee-um k’mow-oo 0S ‹Œ .N

(Note: If the French or English word is substituted here, it will be pronounced “vine.” )


17



18/98

artery saw-sigh-ee chee-um craw-home 0S ‹Œ .\Ž.

(Note: If the French or English word is substituted here, it will be pronounced “ahk-tay-

ah.”)

nerve saw-sigh-ee braw-saht 0S ‹YMo

spinal cord saw-sigh-ee ch’ung k’nong 0S ‹•l €'!@'

(Please note the lesson on laboratory terms for bodily fluids, etc.)

Can you think of other terms you might need? Ask your tutor for these and write them be-

low:

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________


18



19/98

Remembering this Lesson - The Organ Review & Multimedia Listening

Look at The Organ Review which follows and try your hand at naming each photo in Khmer.

You can also practice telling your neighborhood friends what each picture is.

In addition, you could role-play with your tutor, with you as the doctor and your tutor playing

the patient. You can practice telling your “patient” what body part they have a problem with.

You will also want to continue to listen to the multimedia file called Chew Aye? on the ac-

companying CD.


19



20/98


THE ORGAN REVIEW

Photos on this page are from iStockPhoto.com)

What are these organs called in Khmer?


20



21/98


LESSON 6: PAIN (FREQUENCY, DURATION, ETC.)

You’ve learned quite a number of nouns, so let us turn our attention to verbs and the issue of

pain and its frequency and duration.

to hurt only mildly chew bawn-teck bawn-too-ik 56J- 2& J- ,&

to hurt intensely chew k’lahng 56m^ %'

to be in severe/heavy pain chew t’ngone 56j - (

to have constant pain chew jahp row-hote 56‘J(S ŽKG

to have intermittent pain chew baht chew baht 56G (’

to have throbbing pain chew k’toke k’toke 56“” D;’

to have a dull pain chew stome mun k’lahng tay 560” $ %.2-m^ %'


21



22/98

to have sharp pain chew k’lahg k’lahng mut mut

56m^ %'.'’./G ’

to have shooting or stabbing pain

chew j’rahl k’lahng lie-ung 56–=m^ %'—8'

What kind of pain do you have? chew yahng make die-ee 56̃ ~'k™& šS?

Does it hurt a lot? chew k’lahng tay

56m^ %'?

When does it hurt? chew no-oo pale nah 56›C=œ?

Does it hurt often? chew nyuck-nyo-up tay 56€;ž~J(?

Where does it hurt? dtie-uh chew trawng nah Ÿ856d'(œ?

(Notice the use of the question particle at the beginning of the previous sentence. You may

use it with your other diagnostic questions as well.)

Remembering this Lesson - Role Play and Exam

This is a good lesson to role-play with your tutor. He/she will have a complaint and you will

need to ascertain the frequency and duration of his/her pain.

In addition, you have a test exercise on the next page. Listen to the file labeled I Am in Pain,

which contains the complaints of a number of real-life patients, then fill out the following

exercise.


22



23/98


“I AM IN PAIN” LISTENING EXERCISE

On the accompanying CD you will find a video file entitled I Am in Pain. Please listen to

each patient and record their answers to the questions you learned in the last lesson. This is a

very important listening exercise and great for your language learning. At your next meeting

with your tutor, you will need to go over the results of homework assignment.

Patient #1

Location of pain ______________________________________________________

Severity of pain _______________________________________________________

Duration of pain ______________________________________________________

Time/Frequency of pain ________________________________________________

Patient #2

Location of pain ______________________________________________________Severity of pain _______________________________________________________

Duration of pain ______________________________________________________


Patient #3

Location of pain ______________________________________________________

Severity of pain _______________________________________________________

Duration of pain ______________________________________________________


Patient #4

Location of pain ______________________________________________________

Severity of pain _______________________________________________________

Duration of pain ______________________________________________________



23



24/98

Patient #5

Location of pain ______________________________________________________

Severity of pain _______________________________________________________

Duration of pain ______________________________________________________


Patient #6

Location of pain ______________________________________________________

Severity of pain _______________________________________________________

Duration of pain ______________________________________________________


Patient #7

Location of pain ______________________________________________________

Severity of pain _______________________________________________________

Duration of pain ______________________________________________________


Patient #8

Location of pain ______________________________________________________

Severity of pain _______________________________________________________

Duration of pain ______________________________________________________


Patient #9

Location of pain ______________________________________________________

Severity of pain _______________________________________________________Duration of pain ______________________________________________________


Patient #10

Location of pain ______________________________________________________

Severity of pain _______________________________________________________

Duration of pain ______________________________________________________



24



25/98


LESSON 7: SYMPTOMS (NON-PAIN)

symptom roke sah-nyah _ 0¡¢

The most common Khmer complaint/symptom is

k’nyome k’dow-oo clue-un £¤‰!+ ,-

which entails a number of internal problems. The direct translation means “my body is hot.”

It does not necessarily been the patient has a fever, but the patient can have a fever and have

this same complaint. You will need to question the patient further and ask for more symp-

toms to get to the bottom of their illness.

nauseous jahng k’oo-it & '(;l ,G

bloating high-um /bpowng ¥8. / A~'

to vomit k’oo-it ;l ,G

dizzy

vull moke ¦ =./!


25



26/98

to faint sawn-lop 0-+J(

to be unconscious sawn-lop aht dung clue-un 0-+J(7G ()*'!+ ,-

diarrhea ree-ik §_

fever groon /groon k’dow-oo ¨$- © ¨$-¤‰

fever & chills groon nyeck ¨$-ž;(

shaky nyeck ž;(

shivering s’ree-oo s’rahñ ªI« ¬

weak k’sow-ee “®

exhausted ah gom-lahng klahng 70(;%̄ %'m^ %'

allergy bpraw-tay-kahm YG 2;.°

runny nose hee-ah som-bow ¥IS 0%AS

stuffy head

t’ngoon k’bahl j -(;


27/98

hoarse sawm-layng s’awk 0k+'0l;

laryngitis s’awk gaw 0l;;

to be short of breath tobp dong-high-um f J()²³ :.

Remembering this Lesson - Role Play and Neighborhood Questions “Haveyou ever had/been.....?”

This is a very good lesson for your tutor to role-play the various problems above and for you

to try to remember what they are. It would also be a good lesson to take to the street and ask

your neighbors whether they have ever experienced any of the problems above.

Find out from your tutor how to ask the question, “Have you ever had/been.......?”

_________________________________________________________________


27



28/98


LESSON 8: BODILY FUNCTIONS/RESPONSES

(”It hurts when I....”/”I have trouble....”)

to breathe dock dong-high-um );)²³ :.

to cough

k’awk ;l;

to hiccup t’ie-uk Ÿl 8;

to burp puhh ´8S

to sit awng-goo-ey 7'b $®

to stand

choe

5Sto move gome-rye-uk ;µ8;

to chew tome-pee-uh o %gS

to swallow lape A=J


28



29/98

to defecate bot jung tome JG (a:'j %

to have gas/wind die-uh k’jahl / powm ¶:S !v= (

©

A·.

to urinate bot jung toe-ik JG (a:'G K&

to menstruate t’leck roe-doe ¸;̂(S )K«

to have cramps jock poo-uh & /;CDE

to have intercourse rue-um dome-nake S u.)‚A-;

to sleep gang / dake A_ ' © A);

to perspire bike ñuuh >J;¹80

to sneeze kawn-dah ;œº0( (Colloquial: k’dah - same as colloquial for paper )

to gain weight lie-ung tom-ngun —8'o %'-(

to lose weight s’rock tom-ngun »;o %'-(

The Five Senses:

wveet-nyee-un tay-ang prahm ¦ ¡¢̂ i %'¼%

to see k’uuh-un ½8 to hear luuh ¾to smell tome-c’lun j %;+ 2-to taste p’loo-ik ?+;(to touch pah-poe-awl J™Eg=(


29



30/98

Remembering this Lesson - Forming Sentences

Take each verb above and form the sentence “I hurt when I....”

For those verbs that apply, form your own sentences with “I have trouble....”


30



31/98


LESSON 9: FEELINGS

How do you feel? mee-un ah-rom yahng make die Q-yS .°̂ ¿̃ ~'k™& šS

to feel depressed t’leyeck tduk jut ¸;̂(o €;& 2G

to feel anxious

bah-rom S .À

to feel angry kung !€'

to feel worried proo-ey jut r,®& 2G

to feel afraid/scared

pay k’like ?Á®m&̂

to feel embarrassed k’mah ee-un mN0Â I-

to feel confused poe-ahn j’raw-lahm 3-(tÃ%

to feel surprised rome-pub

Ä ´8JMedical Survival Khmer • CSI [email protected]• Copyright 2008

31



32/98

to feel frustrated moo-ah mow-oo .uS Å~

to feel nervous roe-sahp roe-sahl S MJ(S 0=(

to feel miserable gom-sot ;%0G (

to feel disappointed kawk jut !;& 2G

to feel upset toe-ik jut G K& & 2G

Can you think of other terms you might need? Ask your tutor for these and write them be-

low:

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Remembering this Lesson - How Do You Feel?

Close your book and have your tutor answer the question “How do you feel?” with all the

possibilities you just learned. Then you will want to take the same question to your neigh-

borhood and see what responses you receive. You may find some new responses to add to

your list above!


32



33/98


LESSON 10: ILLNESSES/DISEASES/CONDITIONS (PART A)

disease joom-ngew B. 6

serious/fatal disease joom-ngew t’ngoon t’knaw B. 6j -(j S

emergency sawng-crew-ah bawn-toe-ahn 0Æb ÇEJ]È-(

acute row-hah t’ngoon t’know S ŽÁ0j -(j S

chronic rahm-rye-ee É D%Ê

goiter

joom-ngew poke gaw B. 64;;

cancer mow-hah-reek .zË ;

diabetes joom-ngew dtuck nome p’ime B. 6o €;…D.Ìl.

high blood sugar

luuh jee-it s’kaw

„80±G 20USlow blood sugar

k’wah jee-it s’kaw !9E±G 20US

high blood pressure luuh chee-um „80Œ . som pee-it chee-um luuh 0%gj Œ .„80

low blood pressure

som pee-it chee-um k’wah 0%gj Œ .!9E


33



34/98

heartburn k’dow-oo die-um t’roong ¤‰¶:.VW'

heart attack joom-ngew gay-ung beh-dong B. 6e%'xE)K'

stroke grew-ah t’nahck saw-sigh-ee chee-um

ÍEOÎ;(0S ‹Œ .Result of stroke: paralysis on one side

s’lup muy jom-hee-ung clue-un MĴ(.u®& %¥I'!+ ,-

pregnant mee-un p’tay poo-ah Q-Ï”AgE

pregnant (Royal) mee-un goe-ah Q-_ ?Ð

to be born gie-ut Ñ8G

to be born (Royal) braw-sote Y0Kd

delivery gom-nigh-it ;%A-8Gto deliver some-rahl gone 0%§=;K-(Colloquial for delivery: to cross the river

ch’long ton-lay •+'o …+


34



35/98

breastfeed (the action of the baby)

(Colloquial: mum)

bomb-bow-oo dah J%ÒÓEepilepsy (Colloquial) ch’goo-it j’rook •U ,G ÔW;

s’kon joe-un 0U-(±-(to have a seizure braw-gike YÕ& (

Remembering this Lesson - Neighborhood Questions

This lesson and the two that follow will be good to take to your neighborhood and begin to

ask folks if they have or have had any of the problems you are studying. Ask your tutor how to

say, “Have you ever had.............?”

__________________________________________________________________

Also, you might wish to talk with mothers and ask about their birthing experiences. Discuss-

ing these experiences is a great exercise, as the Khmer birthing process is completely differ-

ent from Western birthing practices. You will want to ask questions like, “Who helped you

deliver your baby?”

__________________________________________________________________

You will find that in most cases (especially outside Phnom Penh), the delivery was at home

with the assistance of a female midwife.

Then ask how many days the mother spent at home in seclusion before going out with the

baby. Ask her what she ate and whether there was a fire under her bed. You will discover

some interesting customs and beliefs. (You may also wish to read the articles in the Appen-

dix for further study.) You can record some of your new vocabulary below:

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________


35



36/98


LESSON 11: ILLNESSES/DISEASES/CONDITIONS (PART B)

cold p’dah sah-ee ·‰M®

flu p’dah sah-ee tome ·‰M®j %

allergy braw-tey-kahm YG 2;.°

asthma joom-ngew hut B. 6Ž6G

communicable illness jom-ngew ch’long B. 6•+'

mumps

salah-tayn M¯Ö-

g’raw-lie-uh-tayn \—8Ö-

chickenpox ut s’vah-ee 7/G Mh® ut tome 7/G j %

virus vee-rue

× É 0 bacteria may-roke kØD_ bahk-tey-ree ;(ŸË

rabies roke ch-guy ch’goo-it _ ÙU•U ,G

to bite

cahm m%


36



37/98

infection mee-un may-roke Q-kØD_

Ex.:to have an ear infection

traw-jee-ik mee-un may-roke dHI;Q-kØD_

vaginal infection t’leck saw ¸;̂(0

Can you think of some more kinds of infections using the body parts you have learned?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

bleeding (from urinary tract or anus)

t’leck chee-um ¸;̂(Œ .

Remembering this Lesson

Continue to take Lessons 10, 11, and 12 to your neighborhood and begin to ask folks if they

have or have had any of the problems you are studying. Keep a record to report to/discuss

with your tutor before Lesson 13. (Hint: Conversations like these would also be good for

recorded evaluations - with someone other than your tutor.)


37



38/98


LESSON 12: ILLNESSES/DISEASES/CONDITIONS (PART C)

typhoid groon poo-ah vee-un ¨$-CDE{-

cholera ah-sawn-nah-roke y0-@_

(The Khmer fear this epidemic so much so that some will not even say the word!)

TB joom-ngew row-bayng B. 6S x'

STD joom-ngew gah-mah-roke B. 6Õ._

AIDs aide

Â )0Ú joom-gnew aide B. 6Â )0¿HIV may-roke aide kØD_ Â )0¿

syphillis roke s’vah-ee ØD_ Mh®

gonnorhea

roke braw-meh ØD_ Yk™E

hepatitis roke row-lee-ik t’lye-um _ S ¯;w+ :.

malaria groon jahñ ¨$-‘(

dengue groon chee-um

¨$-Œ .Medical Survival Khmer • CSI [email protected]• Copyright 2008

38



39/98

bird flu groon p’dah-sah-ee bahk-say ¨$-·‰M®J;18

worms prune rW-

hookworm prune tome-poo-ik rW-o %4u;

pinworm ee-un Â I-

tapeworm tayn-nyah Ÿ-ž~

See also the lesson on laboratory terms for further information.

Can you think of other terms you might need to know? (Don’t forget to check later lessons

first.) Ask your tutor for these and write them below:

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________


39



40/98

Remembering this Lesson

You have just completed half the lessons in Medical Survival Khmer . Congratulations on

your diligence. You will want to stop here and take time to review the previous lessons and

not continue adding new vocabulary until you have fully grasped the previous twelve lessons.

Before the next lesson, report to your tutor about the folks you have met who have or have

had the problems mentioned in Lessons 10, 11, and 12. (You will want to be cautious about

asking people if they have HIV/AIDs, as they might be too embarrassed to reveal this infor-

mation. Alternately, surveying patients waiting at the clinic may allow you to ask this ques-

tion more freely.)


40



41/98


LESSON 13: BASIC ANATOMY OF THE EYE AND EYE-RELATED

TERMS

eyeball g’row-ahp p’nake Û J(>?@;

cornea (surface of the eye) gahñ-jock p’nake ;gÜ;(>?@;

lens (of the eye) gow-oo p’nake Ý« s@;

pupil (of the eye) gone k’raw-mome p’nake ;K-\./ %>?@;

optic nerve saw-sigh-ee braw-saht ope-tick 0S ‹YMo 7/Jo 2;

retina

ray-teen p’nake Þo 8-s@;

tears dtuck p’nake o 6;s@;

to cry yoom ®%

pterygium

gon-two-ey t’line ;-” $®ß+-


41



42/98

cataracts p’nake lie-ung bah-ee s@;—8'®

surgery gah wayah kaht ÕS « EÕG (

blurred vision p’rull / s’raw-vung r€=

©

»à'

eyeglasses vine-tah á™-â

hyperopia/farsighted m’nyope jit .# WJBãG

myopia/nearsighted m’nyope ch’ngie-ee .# WJäP®

presbyopia m’nypoe mull jit .# WJk8=BãG

foreign body in eye some-rahm no-oo k’nong p’nake 0%§.›;@ $'s@;

blind k’wahk mh;(

night blindness k’wahk moe-un mh;(Q-(

ulcer dom-bow-oo )‚Ò

Remembering This Lesson - Your Own Eye Witness Mobile Eye Clinic

The best way to put this lesson into practice is to join an eye clinic with Dr. Woody. He and

his Khmer staff can give you pointers on how to assess patients and their eyecare needs. If

you are not able to participate in a clinic, you can offer to talk to your neighbors about their

vision and find out who has problems seeing at a distance, who has problems reading, who

has cataracts, etc. Before you pass out tracts, you might want to know whether your neigh-

bors can SEE them! Then you can bless your presbyopic neighbors (those over 40) with

some glasses AND reading material.


42



43/98


LESSON 14: DENTAL TERMS

teeth/tooth t’mayñ å°

toothache chew t’mayñ 56å°

tongue awn-daht 7œºG

furry tongue awn-daht lie-ung j’rahng 7œºG —8'–%'

cheek t’poe-awl Oæ=(

gums

oñ-jahñ t’mayñ 7gÜ Då°

floss k’sigh some-aht t’mayñ |10%yG å°

cavity dong-koe-oov see t’mayñ )'U W« 0/ 8å°

( Note: Dong-koe-oov is a worm! See is the word for animals eating. So a cavity is......)


43



44/98

dentist kru pate t’mayñ ¨WCo vå°

to remove a tooth dock t’mayñ );å°

to brush the teeth doh t’mayñ )/0å°

to chew tom-pee-uh o %gS

difficulty chewing pbee-bahck tom-pee-uh 42;o %gS

bad breath moe-at s’oy QG (0l $®

ulcer dom-bow-oo )‚Ò

mouth ulcer dom-bow-oo loo-ey k’nong moe-aht )‚ÒS =u®;@ $'QG (

cold sore (on lip) dom-bow-oo baw-boe moe-aht )‚ÒJJKS QG (

Dental Terms Homework Assignment

Take a survey around your neighborhood or at the CSI Clinic. You must return for your next

session after having asked at least 15 people the following ten questions and recording the

results on the following tally sheet. If you do not know how to ask these questions, go over

them with your tutor.

1. Do you have a toothache?

__________________________________________________________________

2. Is your tongue furry?

__________________________________________________________________


44



45/98

3. Do your gums hurt?

__________________________________________________________________

4. How many times a day do you floss?

__________________________________________________________________

5. How many cavities do you have?

__________________________________________________________________

6. Who is your dentist?

__________________________________________________________________

7. How many teeth have you had removed?

__________________________________________________________________

8. How many times a day do you brush your teeth?

__________________________________________________________________

9. Does is hurt when you chew?

__________________________________________________________________

10. Do you have any mouth ulcers?

__________________________________________________________________


45



46/98


DENTAL TERMS HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT


46

Question YesTally

Yes-Count

NoTally

NoCount

1 2 3

1. Do you have a toothache?2. Is your tongue furry?

3. Do your gums hurt?

4. How many times a day do you floss?

5. How many cavities do you have? (May

tally below.)

6. Who is your dentist? (Write below.)7. How many teeth have you had re-

moved? (Tally below)

8. How many times a day do you brush

your teeth?

9. Does is hurt when you chew?

10. Do you have any mouth ulcers?



47/98


LESSON 15: TERMS RELATED TO THE SKIN (PART A)

burn row-lee-ik S ¯;

burning sensation row-lee-ik k’raw hah-ee S ¯;\z®

to itch row-mow-ah S Q0(

to scratch eh Â E

to have a rash

lie-ung kawn’tool —8';- ,=

to swell high-um ¥8.

dry skin s’bike s’ngoo-it çè;0 ,G

dandruff awng-kay-ee k’bahl

7ébS ;


48/98

to have a rash lie-ung k’tool —8';-” ,=

to swell high-um ¥8.

to bruise easily chahp joe-um s’bike äJ(±%çè;

abscess boh JK0

pus k’too !” $E

pimple moon moke ./-./!

acne moon t’raw-neyk ./-d-2&

Remembering this Lesson - Images

To practice this lesson, you will want to consult the Medical Survival Khmer CD and print the

document entitled Skin and Lab Images . You may also wish to laminate these two pages in

order to practice naming each item pictured. Alternately, you may wish to use these two

pages as teaching tools regarding the various images pictured.


48



49/98


LESSON 16: TERMS RELATED TO THE SKIN (PART B)

scabies gom row-mow-ah ;.S Q0(

lice jye-ee ê

fleas jye-ee ch-guy L& ÙU

bedbugs s’rawng guy-ik »Ñ8&

fungus p’sut ë 1ãG

ringworm

s’ryng ì'

athlete’s foot k’nyay jung !# 8a:'

tetanus tay-tah-naw ŸâˆK0

measles

joom-ngew gahñ-jrill

B. 6;íî 2= wart

gie-ut ruuh Ñ8G ©0 doh ruuh )/E©0


49



50/98

Remembering this Lesson - Images



order to practice naming each item pictured. Alternately, you may wish to use these two pages as teaching tools regarding the various images pictured.

Are there other terms you need related to the skin and skin conditions? Ask your tutor about

them and record them below:

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________


50



51/98


LESSON 17: MEDICATIONS AND RELATED TERMS

prescription vee jey-ak boñ-jee-ah ïBðJ¡ñS

or-dee-nahng 7ò8ˆ'(

pill grow-up

Û J(acetominophen/Tylenol/paracetamol

pah-rah ~ó

antibiotic bpah-deh-bpahk-b’rahn J)ãJ;ô¼ˆ

ahng-tee-bee-yo-tech

7'(o 8JvWo 2; ahng-tee-koe-ah 7'(o 8_ ÁSantacid t’nahm braw-chahng jee-it ah-cid

OÎ %Yä%'±G 2y0õ 8Gaspirin ah-s’pee-reen y0ö 8Ë -

vitamins vee-tah-mean × â.8-

topical medication t’nahm lee-up OÎ %̄ J

eye drops t’nahm dome-knock dahk p’nake

OÎ %)‚̂ ;(X;(s@;


51



52/98

to overdose on drugs lape t’nahm who-ah gome-rut „JOÎ %Žu0;%÷ G

poison t’nahm pull OÎ %4/=

drug of addiction t’nahm nyee-un OÎ %žˆ

Remembering this Lesson - Pharmacy Practice

This is a great lesson for playing pharmacist and patient. Your tutor could present with a

complaint and you could tell the “patient” the type of medication he/she needs - not how

much (that is the next lesson), but only that he/she might need vitamins, or acetaminophen,

or antibiotics, etc. You could also play this game with neighborhood children who will find it

amusing, while you find it useful practice!


52



53/98


LESSON 18: DISPENSING MEDICATIONS (PART A)

(What to say to a patient waiting at the dispensing window? We want to say, “How can I help

you?” But Khmer will ask instead, “What do you need?”)

What do you need? tdie-uh neck t’row-gah away? Ÿ87@;dW« Õ S 7 9 :?

pharmacy ow-sut-s’tahn ø0f Mù-

gawn-lyng loo-ik t’nahm ;ú+'=;(OÎ %

pharmacist ow-sut-tah-gkah-ray ø0f ÕË

neck loo-ik t’nahm

7@;=;(OÎ %(Note: If you are not selling medications, you may replace the word loo0ik to sell with oweyto give.)

to give an injection jahk t’nahm ‘;(OÎ %

IV say-rome qû K.

to give an IV p’jew-ah say-rome 4v,S q û K.


53



54/98

Apply (topically). lee-ap ¯J

Take orally. lape A=J

Shake the bottle before taking the medication.

g’raw-loke dop moon pale brie-uh t’nahm

\Ã$;)J./-C=ü8OÎ %Keep this medication cold.

dahk t’nahm k’nong too-tduck-kok

X;(OÎ %;@ $'o KS o €;;;teaspoon s’lah-p’ree-ah cah-fay MĴýÕ¥9

tablespoon s’lah-p’ree-ah buy MĴý®

bottle (of medication) dop t’nahm )JOÎ %


Now you can practice being a pharmacist and begin to instruct your patient-tutor about his

medication. You may find that you need the next lesson to fully be able to prescribe and dis-

pense medications.


54



55/98


LESSON 19: DISPENSING MEDICATIONS (PART B)

Take 1 pill every 8 hours. roe-ahl p’ram-bay mowng lape t’nahm muy g’row-ap

§=(¼%J8þ~'„JOÎ %.u®Û J(Take 2 pills three times a day.

lape t’nahm m’dong pee g’row-ap muy t’ngie-ee bay dong

„JOÎ %.'48S Û J(

.u®ÿJ8)'Take your medicine with food. hope t’nahm gee-ah-muy ah-hah

ŽKJOÎ %±.u®yzSTake your medicine before meals.

hope t’nahm pbee moon hope bah-ee

ŽKJOÎ %48./-ŽKJ®Take your medicine after meals.

hope t’nahm krow-ey pee pale hope ah-hah

ŽKJOÎ %!®48C=ŽKJyzSThis medicine will make you sleepy.

t’nahm knee twer owey ngaw-ngew-ey dake

OÎ %…Eå9 8"®''/®¶;This medicine may make you feel nauseated.

t’nahm knee ike twer owey jawng k’oo-it

OÎ %…Ey& å9 8"®& '(;l ,GIf you develop a rash, stop taking this medicine.

b’raw sun buy-uh row-mow-ah some chope brie-uh t’nahm knee

Y02-x8S Q0(

0K.5J(ü8OÎ %…EMedical Survival Khmer • CSI [email protected]• Copyright 2008

55



56/98

You must take all of this medicine.

some hope t’nahm knee owey ah

0K.ŽKJOÎ %…E"®70(

Do not drink alcohol with this medication.

high-um puck g’rung s’raw-vung pale brie-uh t’nahm knee

z.ë *;ƒ #'»$'C=ü8OÎ %…E

The following instructions were found in the box of a medication. What does it mean? Lis-

ten to the audio and discuss it with your tutor.

OÎ%0%̄ J(rW- AJ-X %&&4 '=( ±OÎ%0%§J(o o u=i -A):.è80%̄ J(rW-%Y´o

rW-& 'U*E

Â I- V8;Kqzh=

7'(_ 8ÃW0 W.

7'(Žb 8=8=

¦ j 8ü8(

o o u=i -.')Û J(

d€.*.'_ G (

0%̄ J(rW--)=(+%Y´o

Ó®o %gS OÎ%./-

A4=„J,

\$.Ž -/- ÿœ!-·G œ ‘%ÕG ( ë + W« .~.« '(/-( --”J/Ë0 THAILAND__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________


Take this lesson to the CSI Clinic and practice with any willing volunteers regarding their

medications and instructions on when/how to take them. Make sure you take along a lan-

guage helper so that the patient does not become confused. In addition, have your tutor

cover the phonetics and Khmer script of this lesson and ask you to translate the English sen-

tences into Khmer.


56



57/98


LESSON 20: MEDICAL/HEALTH-RELATED INSTRUCTIONS/

TREATMENTS

Drink more water. hope dtuck owey j’rye-un ŽKJo €;Â D®1 8-

Rest in bed. some-rack luuh k’ray 0%§;„82

Exercise. haht-brahn zG (¼ˆ

Use iodized salt. hope ahm-bull mee-un jee-it ee-yode

ŽKJ7%J2=Q-±G 27 - 3®K ™G

Eat fewer salty foods.

bawn-tau-ee hope ah-hah brie-ee J- 4®ŽKJyzS5 You need to eat more vegetables and fruits.

hope bon-lie-ee nung ply-ee chuuh owey bahn j’rye-un

ŽKJJú+ -2' Ì+6 8"®-1 8-

You need surgery.

neck t’row-gah way-ah-kaht 7@;dW« ÕS « EÕG (


57



58/98

This illness is serious. joom-ngew knee t’ngun B. 6…Ej -(

Please go to the doctor (surgeon) or you will go blind.

some toe-oo jew-up pate p’nake buy-ah mun an-jung ngoe-ngut howey

0K.+BuJCo vs@; x8.2-7gÜ €'''*G ¥8®

Remembering this Lesson - Listening Practice (Opposites)

Listen to the the following instructions and determine whether each statement is true

(troe-oov dW« ) or false ( koh !/0 ). Report your findings to your tutor.

ŽKJo €;G 2& G 2&

ŽKJyzS5Â D®-18-ŽKJ7%J2=š=7G (Q-±G 27 - 3®K ™G

.2-& (zG (¼ˆ

.2-& (0%§;„820K.+BuJCo vs@; x8.2-7gÜ€'''*G ¥8®

7@;.2-& (dW« ÕS « EÕG (


58



59/98


LESSON 21: MEDICAL/DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS AND INSTRUC-

TIONS

How long have you had this illness?

tdie-uh neck mee-un joom-ngew knee reyek pale bpone-mahn howey?

Ÿ87@;Q-B. 6…ES ®0C=J™ /]N-¥8®?How much do you weigh? neck mee-un tome-ngun bpone-mahn kee-low?

7@;Q-o %'-(J™ /]N-_ 8ÃW?How tall are you? neck mee-un gom-poo-uh bpone-mahn?

7@;Q-;%40(J™ /]N-?I want to listen to your heart? May I?

k’nyome jahng s’dahp beh-dong neck bahn tay?

£& '(M‰J(xE)K'7@;-?I want to listen to your lungs? May I?

k’nyome jahng s’dahp sue-it neck bahn tay?

£& '(M‰J(0uG 7@;-?

Please stick out your tongue.

some lee-un awn-daht 0K.„I-7œºG


59



60/98

I want to take your pulse? May I? k’nyome jahng pee-nut jeep-jaw neck bahn tay?

£& '(42-2G vB:4& S 7@;-?I want to look inside your ears. May I?

k’nyome jahng pee-nut mull k’nong t’raw-jee-ick neck bahn tay?

£& '(42-2G vk8=;@ $'7HI;7@;-?Breathe in. dock-dong-high-um jole );)²³ :.& K=

Breathe out. dock-dong-high-um jayñ );)²³ :.H

Look up. mull to-oo luuh k8=+„8

Look down. mull to-oo k’rowm k8=+!.

Hold still. no-oo owey s’ngee-um ›"®q 8.

Don’t move.

gome gome-rye-ik ;/ %;µ8;

Are there other instructions or questions related to your specialty that are not mentioned

above? Ask your tutor how to say these and add them below:

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________


60



61/98

Remembering this Lesson - Taking the History and Performing the Exam

This lesson will most easily be remembered by actually using your new vocabulary at the

clinic to take histories and begin to perform examinations. If this is not possible, you can

play this game with neighborhood children, alternating with them as patient and physician.They will love the chance to play physician after they first learn how to do it from you!


61



62/98


LESSON 22: LABORATORY TERMS (PART A)

urine duck nome o €;…D.

stool lee-ah moo-uk ¯.;

mucous som-bow 0%AS

vomit (noun) k’oo-it ;l ,G

blood chee-um Œ .

red blood cell goe-lay-kah kraw-hom 9 D=2Õ\Ž.

white blood cell goe-lay-kah saw 9 D=2Õ0

platelet plah-gate :Ñ̂G

anemia k’wah jee-ut dike !9E±G 2š;Medical Survival Khmer • CSI [email protected]• Copyright 2008

62



63/98

anemic k’wah chee-um !9EŒ .

Remembering the Lesson - Images



order to practice naming each item pictured. Alternately, you may wish to use these two

pages as teaching tools regarding the various images pictured.


63



64/98


LESSON 23: LABORATORY TERMS (PART B)

test twer teh joom-ngew å9 8Ÿ0B. 6

blood test twer teh chee-um å9 8Ÿ0Œ .

blood test results lah-tah-paul teh chee-um =o ;ë =Ÿ0Œ .

to draw blood bome chee-um JK.Œ .

to examine blood pee-nut mull chee-um 42-2G vk8=Œ .

blood sugar

jee-ut s’kaw ±G 20US

microscope mick-roe-too-ah .8\Wo 01-¿

ah-tey-sockom-too-ah 7G 20/!/.o 01-¿ parasites pah-rah-seat ~ó0/ 8G

ameba ah-meeb y.8J

Giardia jah-dee-yah ‘


65/98

Remembering the Lesson - Images



order to practice naming each item pictured. Alternately, you may wish to use these two pages as teaching tools regarding the various images pictured.


65



66/98


LESSON 24: MEDICAL PARAPHERNALIA/MISCELLANEOUS TERMS

to treat ( a patient) p’jee-ah bahl 4 '=

gloves s’rowm die-ee

ªD.Zsyringe sah-rahng jahk t’nahm Mó'‘;(OÎ %

needle m’jool .ð $=

alcohol ah-cull y;/=

cotton balls some-lay 0%Ã8

anesthetic t’nahm s’puck OÎ %0ö €;

band-aid bong but dom-bow-oo J'(J2o )‚Ò


66



67/98

to bandage pong see-mong J™'(08.™'(

thermometer braw-dahp s’tong gom-dow-oo YXJ(0”'(;%=

dtay-ah-moe-might Ö.™ K> ™dtemperature say-tahn-hah-pee-up 08G /̂ ³34to take one’s temperature s’tong gom-dow-oo 0”'(;%= stethoscope ooh-ree-ah-too-ah ?§o 01-¿

s’tay-toe

A0G K pulse jeep-jaw B:4& S

blood pressure som-pee-it-chee-um 0%gj Œ .

x-ray reck-s’may-ek S 0° 872;1

to choke (on food) oo-awl 7u=

to have an obstruction (in

Date post:	01-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	carlosamadorfonseca
View:	251 times
Download:	0 times

Medical Survival Khmer: A Khmer language module for medical professionals

Documents