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McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 17: The Reproductive Systems
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive
Systems
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Learning OutcomesRecognize the parts of the male reproductive
system and discuss the function of each part.Recall the major word parts used in building
words that relate to the male reproductive system.
Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the male reproductive system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the male reproductive system.
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Learning Outcomes (cont.)Recall the meaning of surgical terms related
to the male reproductive system.Recognize common pharmacological agents
used in treating disorders of the male reproductive system.
Recognize the parts of the female reproductive system and discuss the function of each part.
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Recall the major word parts used in building words that relate to the female reproductive system.
Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the female reproductive system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the female reproductive system.
Recall the meaning of surgical terms related to the female reproductive system.
Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the female reproductive system.
Learning Outcomes (cont.)
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Major Parts - MaleMale organs produce, maintain, and
transport sperm (male sex cells)along with seminal fluid
Secrete male hormones
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Male Reproductive
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Building Vocabularyandr(o) menbalan(o) glans penisepididym(o) epididymisorch(o), orchi(o), testes orchid(o)
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Building Vocabularyprostat(o) prostate glandscrot(o) scrotumsemin(o) semensperm(o), sperm spermat(o)vas(o) vessel; ductus deferens
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Spermatogenesis
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Spermatogenesis Maturation
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Male HormonesTestosteroneFSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)LH Inhibin
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ProstatitisProstat(o) = prostate + itis = inflammationGeneric term for any prostate inflammationBenign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) non-cancerous enlargementMiddle age males
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Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab TestsPhysical ExaminationProstate cancer most common male cancerProstatitis = enlarged, either benign or
malignantBiopsy to evaluateUndiagnosed leads to later stages = lower
survival rate
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Prostate Cancer
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Pathological TermsSome conditions due to male anatomy,
condition of organs, and reproductive abnormalities at birth
Cryptorchidism - crypt(o)hidden + orchidism testicle
Testicle does not descend into scrotum before birth. (Pre-mies most often affected)
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Surgical TermsCircumcisionRemoval of foreskin, covering the tip of the
penisBenefits / RisksAmerican Academy of Pediatrics
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CircumcisionUncircumcised Circumcised
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Vasectomy
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Pharmacological TermsHormone replacement therapyHelp resolve sexual problems and signs of
agingImpotence Erectile dysfunction- Surgical or mechanical
devicesBenign hypertrophic prostatitisTreatment and medicationsManageable with treatment and check-ups
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Treatment / ProstatitisSurgical removal, radiation, drugs,
microwaves, balloon dilation, tumor frozen, stent placement
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Function / Structure Female Reproductive SystemResponsible for providing optimal place for
fertilization and growth of another human being until birth and providing important hormones.
Main organs include: ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, cervix, vagina, labia, and clitoris
gynec(o) = women + -ology = studyGynecology the study of the female systemsObstetrics = pregnant women
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Female System
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External Female Genitalia
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Building Vocabularyamni(o) amnioncervic(o) cervixcolp(o) vaginaepisi(o) vulvagalact(o) milk
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Building Vocabularygynec(o) femalehyster(o) uteruslact(o), lacti milkmamm(o) breastmast(o) breast
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Building Vocabularymen(o) menstruationmetr(o) uterusoo eggoophor(o) ovaryov(i), ov(o) eggovari(o) ovary
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Building Vocabularyperine(o) perineumsalping(o) fallopian tubeuter(o) uterusvagin(o) vaginavulv(o) vulva
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Related HormonesHormones and CyclesMenstrual cycleEvery 28 days – shedding of uterine lining –
menese (menorrhea)Hormones regulate cycle and female cycle
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Female Cycle
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Major HormonesEstrogen – sex charactristics Progesterone- mammary ductsProlactic- lactationOxytocin- labor FSH- oocyte maturationHCH- estrogen / progesterone
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Birth Control Methods / StatsNone 85%Condom 2-12%, Condom and
Spermicide 2-5%
Diaphragm 6-18% Cervical cap 6-18% Sponge, gel, foam 3-
21%Pills 3%
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Birth Control Methods / StatsMini-pill 5% Depo-
Provera .3%rhythm method 20%Withdrawal 4-18%
Vasectomy .15% Tubal ligation .4%Intrauterine devices 3%
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Birth Control Devices
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Pregnancy / MenopausePregnancy = three trimesters (40 weeks)Conception = oocyte + spermocyte uniteChildbearing age span = 13 to 45 years
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Did you know?Every pregnancy is different for a motherFirst pregnancy may have been uneventful
with following pregnancies oppositeCravings for certain foods Not all women experience cravings
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Perimenopauseperi=around + menopause = stop
childbearingTransition period between ending
childbearing age and full onset of menopauseOccurs between ages 35 to 50Similar to menopause in symptoms
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MenopauseOccurs after childbearing years 45-55Hormones declineIrregular menses – periods stop Different for each womanRelated and dependent on hereditary factors
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Menopause SymptomsIrregular periods
Decreased fertility
Hot flashes Sleep disturbancesNight sweats
Mood swings Increased abdominal
fat Thinning hair Vaginal drynessLoss of breast
fullness
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Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab TestsSpecialty for Female systemGynecology most utilized testing specialtiesGynecologists = Primary physicianObstetrics / Obstetricians
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Mammogram
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Pathological TermsPathology very important due to many
potential concerns and number of patients affected
Dependent childbearing state, age, and pre-existing conditions
Sexually transmitted, structural, or a pregnancy most women are diagnosed
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Surgical TermsHysterectomyPost-operative painLaparoscopic hysterectomyVaginal hysterectomy
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Hysterectomy
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Programmed Reviewamniocentesisculdocentesislaparoscopycryosurgery
cauterizationconization aspiration hysterectomy
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Pharmacological TermsMedications and prescriptions written from a
gynecology practice usually revolve around the female cycle, sexual activity, conception/prevention, and drugs to induce and ease the pain of labor.
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Chapter ReviewRecognize the parts of the male reproductive
system and discuss the function of each part.Recall the major word parts used in building
words that relate to the male reproductive system.
Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the male reproductive system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the male reproductive system.
