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Chapter 2

The Human Body in

Health and Disease

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Anatomic Reference Systems

• Describe the location and functions of body parts using:

– Body planes

– Body directions

– Body cavities

– Structural units

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Major Body Cavities

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Quadrants of the Abdomen

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Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen

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Cytology

• The study of the formation, structure, and function of cells, including:

– Chromosomes

– DNA

– Genetics

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Histology

• The study of tissues, which are composed of cells that join together to perform specific functions, including:

– Stem Cells

– Epithelial Tissues

– Connective Tissues

– Muscle Tissue

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Glands

• Specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body, including:

– Exocrine Glands

– Endocrine Glands

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Organ and Body Systems

• Body parts are organized into systems according to function.

• Examples:– Skeletal System

– Muscular System

– Cardiovascular System

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Pathology

• The study of structural and functional changes caused by disease.

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Animations

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Exocrine and Endocrine Glands

Click Here to play Exocrine and Endocrine animation

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Body Planes

Click Here to play Body Planes animation

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Answers to Learning Exercises

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Chapter 2 Answers

Matching Word Parts 1

2.1. adip/o

2.2. anter/o

2.3. aden/o

2.4. -ologist

2.5. -ology

Matching Word Parts 2

2.6. cyt/o

2.7. cephal/o

2.8. caud/o

2.9. exo-

2.10. endo-

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Chapter 2 Answers

Matching Word Parts 3

2.11. poster/o

2.12. -stasis

2.13. path/o

2.14. -plasia

2.15. hist/o

Definitions

2.16. nosocomialinfection

2.17. dominant gene

2.18. abdominal cavity

2.19. medial

2.20. adult stem

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Chapter 2 Answers

Definitions

2.21. phenylketonuria

2.22. adenitis

2.23. parietal peritoneum

2.24. gene

2.25. histology

Matching Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen

2.26. epigastric region2.27. umbilicus region2.28. hypochondriac

region2.29. hypogastric region2.30. iliac region

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Chapter 2 Answers

Which Word?

2.31. inguinal

2.32. genetics

2.33. epidemiologist

2.34. exocrine glands

2.35. inferior

Spelling Counts

2.36. mesentery

2.37. hemophilia

2.38. hypertrophy

2.39. epithelial

2.40. anomaly

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Chapter 2 Answers

Matching Pathology of Tissue Formation

2.41. dysplasia

2.42. anaplasia

2.43. hyperplasia

2.44. hypoplasia

2.45. aplasia

Term Selection

2.46. proximal

2.47. posterior

2.48. frontal

2.49. midsagittal

2.50. distal

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Chapter 2 Answers

Sentence Completion

2.51. Down syndrome

2.52. physiology

2.53. thoracic

2.54. iatrogenic

2.55. chromosomes

Word Surgery

2.56. aden, -ectomy

2.57. endo-, -crine

2.58. hist, -ologist

2.59. retro-, periton, -eal

2.60. path, -ologist

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Chapter 2 Answers

Word Surgery

2.61. eti-, -ology

2.62. home/o -stasis

2.63. pan-, dem, -ic

2.64. epi-, gastr, -ic

2.65. idi/o, path, -ic

Clinical Conditions

2.66. epidemic

2.67. functional

2.68. bloodborne

2.69. cytology

2.70. vector-borne

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Chapter 2 Answers

Clinical Conditions

2.71. quadrant

2.72. waterborne

2.73. pelvic

2.74. peritonitis

2.75. geneticist

2.76. iliac2.77. genome2.78. adenocarcinoma2.79. loose2.80. fetal alcohol

syndrome

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Chapter 2 Answers

Challenge Word Building

2.81. myoplasty

2.82. myalgia

2.83. gastrosis

2.84. laryngitis

2.85. myectomy

2.86. gastralgia

2.87. laryngectomy

2.88. nephrosis

2.89. neuroplasty

2.90. nephritis

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Chapter 2 Answers

Labeling Exercises

2.91. hypochondriac

2.92. umbilical

2.93. hypogastric

2.94. lumbar

2.95. iliac

2.96. midsagittal

2.97. anterior

2.98. lateral

2.99. posterior

2.100. frontal