Medical Writting

7/31/2019 Medical Writting

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Medical WritingMedical Writing

Dr. Sarwar J Zuberi

Ziauddin Medical University&

Pakistan Medical & ResearchCouncil

Synops

is

Disser

tation

Thesis


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Types of MedicalTypes of Medical

WritingWriting

x Editorial

x Original Article

x Review Articles

x Short Papers

x Case Reports

x Letter to Editor

x

Personal Viewsx Special Communication


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The Basic Structure ofThe Basic Structure of

ArticleArticle

TITLE

(S)Summary (Structured Abstract)

(I) Introduction (What Question was asked?)

(M)Methods (How was it Studied?)

(R)Results (What was Found?)(A)Analysis (How data was analysed?)(D)Discussion (What Do the Findings Mean?)

Acknowledgements

References


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TitleTitle

x Should be specific But comprehensive

x Short But sufficiently descriptive

x No abbreviations

x Should be easy To catalogue


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Structured abstractStructured abstract

Objective Design Setting

Patients and methods Results Conclusions Key words


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IntroductionIntroduction

Existing state of knowledge

Gaps in knowledge which research will fill.

State what you Intend to do

Give pertinent references

It does not

Review the history of the subject

Does not identify all the other gaps in knowledge

Don not include methods, results and discussion


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MethodsMethods

x What Subjects/patients/animals/specimens

techniques were used?

x Reason for selecting the experimental design

of the study

x Statistical methods used for analysis

x The section should be called "Materiel and

Methods" only if inanimate specimens have

been used.

(continue)


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Methods

Patient / Animals / Specimens

Numbers How are they grouped

(cases /controls)

Criteria Informed consent obtained


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TechniquesTechniques

x Give enough details for readers to assess the

validity of the results, and repeat the studyx If standard techniques is used, give appropriate

reference,any modifications should be clearlyexplained

x If drug trial- clear description of trial


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StatisticsStatistics

Clearly mention the statistical methodsused for appropriate verification of

reported results.

(consult a statistician before startingthe study)


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ResultsResults

x Communication of facts, measurements,

and observations gathered by the author

x Start with the results that are easier tointerpret

x Results should be set out in tables and

figures

x Do not duplicate illustrations


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DiscussionDiscussion

x What gaps in knowledge remain to be filled?

x Main results should be summarised at the

beginning of discussion

x Only mention previous results or comments which

illuminate or which are illuminated by the present

results.

(continue)


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DiscussionDiscussion

Final paragraph in which the message of the article is

firmly stated.

Point out where further gaps in knowledge could usefullybe filled instead of "further research is needed".

Intention of author to explore the "Gaps" further.


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Acknowledgements (SilentAcknowledgements (Silent

partners)partners)

We wish to thank - all those who deserve

recognition for their contribution but who have

not made a significant intellectual contribution

and are therefore not included as authors

(Colleagues,Institutions, Organizations providing

financial help, laboratory and secretarial staff)


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ReferencesReferences

1.Standard journal article

Vega K., Pina I., Krevisky B. Heart transplantationis associated with an increased risk forpancreaticobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996Jun 1: 124(11): 980-3

2.Books and other monographs

Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke.In: Laragh JH, Bremier BM, editors. Hypertension:pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd

ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. P.465-78.


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ReferencesReferences

3.Disertation

Kaplan SJ. Post-hospital home health care: the

elderly's access and untilizaiion (dissertation]. St.

Louis (MO): Washington Univ: 1995.

4. Unpublished materialLeshner AL. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine. NEngl J Med. In press 1996.

5. Electronic material

Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectiousdisease. Emerg Inftect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar (cited 1996 Jun 5]; 1(1): [24 screens].Available from URL:http:/www.cdc.gov/ncdod/EID/eid.htm


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Summing UpSumming Up

In the words of Stephen Lock,

A good article has a definite structure. Make itspoint and then shuts up


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Sending Manuscript to theSending Manuscript to the

JournalJournal

x Required number of copies in a heavy envelop

enclosing figures / photos / photo

micrographics in card boards in separate

envelop

x Covering letter signed by all co-authors

x Has not been submitted else where

x Approved by all authors

x Authors will bear the cost of colour illustration

i f b i iR i f S b i i


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Requirements for SubmissionRequirements for Submission

of Manuscriptof ManuscriptMust Read Instructions to Authors

(Uniform requirements for manuscriptssubmitted to biomedical Journals 1997)

Preparation

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Materials

Subjects

Patients

Results

Discussion

Typing

White bond paper

(8.1/2 x 11 or A4 with 1

margins

Typing - Double space

Number pagesconsecutively beginningwith title page (upper or

lower right hand corner)


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Requirements forRequirements for

Submission of ManuscriptSubmission of Manuscript

Manuscript on DISC

x Include a printout version

x Name the file clearly

x Label the disc with format of the file

and file name

x Provide information on hardware and

software used.


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Title Page (1st Page)Title Page (1st Page)

x

Title of the article (concise information)x Name of author(s)

x Highest academic degree(s)

x Affiliation

x Departmentx Institution

x Disclaimers if any

x Name and address of author for correspondence

about the manuscriptx Source of support in the form of grants,

equipment, drugs

x Short running head or foot line of no more than

40 characters


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Abstract and Key Words (2Abstract and Key Words (2ndndPage)Page)

x 150 words for unstructured abstract

x 250 words for structured abstract

x Abstract should be

x Purpose of the study

x Basic procedures (selection of subjects,observational and analytical methods)

x Main findings (Data and its significance)

x The principal conclusions

x 3-10 Key words

x Assist indexer and cross indexing

x Terms from medical subject heading (MeSH)

should be used


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Introduction (3rdIntroduction (3rd

Page)Page)

x State purpose of the article

x Summarize the rationale for study or observation

x Give Strictly pertinent reference

x Do not include data or conclusion


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Method (4Method (4thth Page)Page)

x Describe selection of the observational,

Experimental subjects including controls

x Experimental method (reference for standard

methods)

x

Statistical methods

x Ethics


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Results (5Results (5thth Page)Page)

x Logical sequencex Text

x Tables

x Illustrations

x Do not repeat in the text all the data in tables /figures emphasize, summarizing importantobservations

x Tables - Number tables separate sheets

x

Figures - Legends5 x 7 or 8 x10 glossy prints

(Black & white / coloured)


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Discussion (6Discussion (6thth Page)Page)

x Emphasize new and important aspects of the studyand conclusions that follow

x Do not repeat the data

x

Include implications of the funding, theirlimitations and implications for future Research

x Relate observations with other relevant studies

x Recommendations when appropriate may be

included


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Acknowledgement (7Acknowledgement (7ththPage)Page)

x Those who do not justify to be Authors should be

Acknowledged

x Those who have provided technical help

x Financial and material support


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Some GuidelinesSome Guidelines

x

Choose an appropriate Journalsx Go through the uniform requirements for

Biomedical publications

x Write simple grammatically correct sentences

x Brevity is the best practice

x Avoid irrelevant details

x Show the draft to colleagues

x

Read final draft carefullyx Typographical and grammatical mistakes give bad

impression

x Check tables and figures (Captions, size, clarity)


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AuthorshipAuthorshipx All person designated as authors should qualify for

authorship

x Author should have participated sufficiently in the

work to take public responsibility for the content

x Authorship credit should be based on substantial

contribution to:

x Conception

x Design

x Analysis & interpretation of data


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AuthorshipAuthorship

x Drafting, revising it critically, for important

intellectual contents and final approval of the

contents

x Participating solely in acquisition of funding,

collection of data does not justify authorship

x General supervision of research group is not

sufficient for authorship

x Order of the author should be a joint decision of

the authors

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Medical Writting

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