Medieval England and France

SOL WH1.

England

Formerly part of the Roman Empire

Settled by many groups of people, including Angles and Saxons

Small, isolated island nation

Gradually becomes Christian

Medieval Europe

Crisis Over the Crown

1066 C.E.—King Edward the Confessor died childless

Conflict over who was to be King of England

Harold Godwinson

Earl of Wessex

Most powerful noble in England

Elected by the nobility and crowned King of England

Harold Hardrada

Viking warrior

King of Norway

Claimed Edward’s predecessor had promised him the crown

William the Conqueror

Duke of Normandy (area of northern France)

Claimed he was promised the crown of England by Edward the Confessor

Invaded England in 1066 C.E.

The Norman Invasion

Battle between Harold Hardrada and Harold Godwinson at York—Godwinson wins!

Battle of Hastings—William the Conqueror defeats Harold Godwinson and becomes King

Blending of French and Anglo-Saxon cultures and language

Reforming the Nation

William the ConquerorMade every subject swear their loyalty to him

Creates an effective system of taxation

Henry IICommon law—legal system based on custom and court rulings

Trial by jury

Magna Carta

King John of England abused his power and levied heavy taxes = rebellion!

1215 C.E.—King John signed the Magna Carta (Great Charter)

Established the Great Council (Parliament), which made all decisions regarding money and taxes

Limited royal power

France

Founded by the Franks—a tribe of farmers and herders from western Europe

Elected kingsClovis, King of the Franks conquered Gaul in 486 C.E.

Converted to Christianity

Age of Charlemagne

Conquered much of the old western Roman Empire

Named “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope

The Church becomes a powerful political force

The Carolingian Renaissance

Renaissance = rebirth

Under Charlemagne, a new age of learning and education emerged

Brought scholars from across Europe to the Palace School at Aachen

Literature, art, architecture, and the liberal arts flourished

Division of France

France

Charlemagne’s son Louis reunited France

987 C.E. – Hugh Capet is elected King of France

Slowly increased territory and royal power

The Hundred Year’s War

1337-1453 C.E. (116 years)

Edward III of England claimed the French crown

Mother had been a French princess

Fought for control of the English Channel

Joan of Arc

17 year-old French peasant who believed God had sent her to save France

Led the French army in battle

Served as an inspiration to French troops

Captured and burned to death by the English

An End to WarFrance

Used cannons to defeat the English

The death of Joan of Arc rallied the French army

Increased nationalism (pride in one’s country)

Increased power of the king

England

The longbow was an efficient weapon early in the war

Power shifted toward Parliament

Lost all land in France except Calais

Pictures - EnglandMedieval England

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/britain_settlement_600_1923.jpg

Edward the Confessor Stained Glass

http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/adversaries/bios/images/edward_confessor.jpg

Harold Godwnison Being Crowned

http://heraldictimes.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/image-4.jpg

Harold Hardrada

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Harold_bayeux_tapestry.png

William the Conqueror

http://www.essentially-england.com/images/william_1_from_bayeux_tapestry.jpg

English Flaghttp://littlelakeview.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/english-flag.gif

Pictures - FranceClovis: http://www.templaricavalieri.it/images/merovingi_clovis_I_di_francois_louis_dejuinne_museo_nazionale_del_castello_e_di_trianons_versailles.gif

Charlemagne: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/nvaget/230/imagespre-MA/charlemagne.jpg

Carolingian France Map: http://www.historiasiglo20.org/MEC-BC/images/charlemagne1.jpg

Post-Charlemagne France: http://www.uoregon.edu/~kimball/images/0814.Charlemagne-CWA.152.jpg

French Flag: http://www.clockworksky.net/cliveless_world/france_flag.png

Hundred Years’ War Cartoon: http://www.wordinfo.info/words/images/Eng-hist-20B-100-yrs-war.gif

Hundred Years War Painting: http://www.tustin.k12.ca.us/cyberseminar/soc/seven/hundredyearswar.jpg

Joan of Arc Statue, New Orleans: Personal Photograph