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A rAA085306-J(4
Technical Report 475
NAVAL OUTGOING MESSAGEPROCESSING.
A study of message generation and message preparation for
transmission and the impact of automation
Naval Ocean Systems Center (Code 8125)Marine Corps & Special Systems Branch
Final Report - December 1979
Prepared foral Ocean Systems Center (Code 18)
C) Fleet Readiness Office
I
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTERSAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92152- 80 6 9 186
I
NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER, SAN DIEGO, CA 92152
AN ACTIVITY OF THE NAVAL MATERIAL COMMAND
SL GUILLE, CAPT, USN HL BLOODCommander Technical Director
IADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
This study was prepared under Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC) Project FN09 bymembers of NOSC Code 8125. Code 8125 is a branch of the Ship and Shore CommunicationsSystems Division (Code 812) of the Communications Systems and Technology Department(Code 08) at NOSC. The study effort was conducted under the general guidance of theNavy Science Assistance Program Coordinator (NSAP) (NOSC Code 18) in response to NSAPProject SURP-1-78 tasking. This study effort took place during March through August 1978.Participating in the composition of this report were R.H. Bowser, W.D. Carpenter.G.C. Dorsey and R.P. Milne, all of NOSC Code 8125.
IReleased by Under Authority ofH.F. Wong, Head H.D. Smith, HeadShip and Shore Communications Communications Systems and
Systems Division Technology Department
AIiiIII
UNCLASSIFIEDSECUAITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("oen Data Entered)
REPOT DCUMNTATON AGEREAD INSTRUCTIONSREPOT DCUMNTATON AGEBEFORE COMPLETING FORM
I REPORT NUMBER 2.GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3, RECIpIENT'S CATALOG NUMBERNOSC Technical Report TR 475 3-A 6 Qs
4 TITLE (and Subtitle) F P- O OEE
Naval Outgoing Message Processing)ML A Study of Message Generation and Message PreparationI REOTNMR
for Transmission and the Impact of Automation &PRF51N1"REOTUM R
Naval Ocean Systems Center, oe82
San Diego, CA 92152
1 1. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
-T3. NUMBER OF PAGES
14. MONITORING AGENCY NAmE & ADDRESS~I' different from, Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)
Unclassified
15a. OECL ASSI FICATION! DOWNGRADINGIf C ' 5SCHEDULE
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
17, DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Nthe abstract entered in Block 2_.JLdWaSL"ieam-R.M,eu- .
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTS tK QC',~ #75
19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary ad Identify by block number)
Automated message preparationMessage generationOptical character reader (OCR)Keyboard/display terminal (KDT)
20. )STRACT (Continue on revere, aide if neceaaary and identify by block numnber)
This study documents some of the means and methods available to remedy the message preparation andentry problem of afloat ships and lists, with prices, for the available component terminal equipments. It proposesa modular concept that can stand alone or be integrated with any of the appropriate NAVMAC systems. It alsoprovides guidelines for SURFPAC to evaluate various means of message entry and message processing with theirassociate costs.
DD IJN21473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OUSOLETE NLSSFES/N 0102-LF-014-6601 UNCLASSIFIED_________________
SECURITY CLASSIFICAION OF 11 PAGE (When, Date Rntered)
II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BACKGROUND
This report is the result of a Commander. Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet(COMNAVSURFPAC) request to the Navy Science Assistance Program (NSAP) to study themeans and methods available to remedy the message preparation and entry problem ofafloat ships. The request was made also to list and to price available component terminalequipments. NSAP tasked NOSC to do this study based on previous work at NOSC inmessage preparation, entry and distribution. The study proposes a modular concept thatcan stand alone or be integrated with any of the appropriate NAVMAC systems. This studywas not required to develop the ultimate answer to the message entry and processingproblem, but to present a near term solution to existing problems. This study providesguidelines for SURPAC to evaluate various means of message entry and message process-ing with their associate costs.
OBJECTIVE AND APPROACH
* Analyze the impact of the media selection on message generation andpreparation
* Analyze the impact of automation on the Naval outgoing message process
• Develop conceptual message generation and preparation systems at variouslevels of automation and with various choices of media
0 Develop an equipment data base and project system costs
For this study the outgoing message process was segmented into message generationand message preparation (Figure 1) functions. Message generation functions (Figure 2)were delineated as:
0 Rough draft
* Draft
0 Edit
0 Coerdinate
0 Chop
0 Approve
0 Release
Message preparation functions (Figure 3) were delineated as:JL.
• Accept
* Prepare .
* Transmit -
0 Backroute ,....
* File
0 Ancillary i f .
Ii
IL ______ -
EVALUATIONS
Message processing media were defined as tile vehicle used to contain a messageduring transport from one message process function to another. The presently used mediumis type on paper and the media chosen for evaluation were:
* Visual (type or print on paper)
* Magnetic (card, disk, cassette, etc.)
* Electric (hard wired)
The choice of media is more important to message generation than to messagepreparation. By definition, a fully automated message processing system would use elec-trical medium. This report concludes, however, a fully automated system for outgoingmessage processing is not as cost effective as a stand-alone system.
,__Thus, it was necessary to recommend media other than electrical as the choice forall but the fully automated ship. Media evaluation is summarized in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Thevisual media showed greater merit than magnetic and the visual media were recommended.In reconmending the visual media, it is necessary to spend some time discussing the visualmedia reader - the optical character reader (OCR).
The OCR is available, reliable and suitable to the task of a message input device.The authors have first hand experience with tactical message preparation systems using OCRequipment for entry and have found some to be acceptable, suitable and desirable inputdevices. OCRs vary in their ability to read typed documents. This varying ability has to dowith character contrast, line skew, character misalignment, etc. It is this qualitative charac-teristic of optical character reading which generates the emotionalism concerning OCRs.Attachment A to this report details the experiences regarding automated message entrysystem using an OCR as input device and gives numerous examples of the material (skewed,misaligned, etc.) which the OCR found acceptable.
The message generation functions did not lend themselves well to full automationand partial automation was best served by the visual media. The chop, coordinate, approvaland release functions involve people and people involved need or want a hard, readablemessage copy to read, mark up or file. Therefore, these functions are not cost effectivecandidates for automation except in fully automated ships. The message compositionfunctions (draft and edit) do lend themselves to automation assistance; this assistance iscategorized as basic and advanced. The basic aids would permit changes to a message with-out message retype (i.e., by use of symbols and correction pages) and consist of charactererase, overwrite, insert: line insert, delete and paragraph insert, delete. Recognition ofsymbols and action capabilities would reside in the message preparation system and wouldbe cost effective and desirable aids to implement.
Advanced automation aids run the gamut from word search and replace or delete toinput data validation and interactive promptin,. These aids imply machine storage of themessage with the machine providing a clean copy of the message after edit. The machinesrange from commercial grade "smart" typewriters ($5000) and word processing systems(S 15,000) to full MIL-SPEC message composition stations and cannot be recommended forwholesale replacement of the typewriter as the prime message composition tool. It is rec-ommended, though, that a few commercial grade smart typewriters be provided at highvolume, high precedence message composition areas within the ship.
2
A subset of the message composition function is pro forma message composition andthis area is ripe for automation. Pro forma message co.omposition would be cost effective ifautomated at a single, central location as part of an automated message preparation system.The format of a pro forma message is rigidly specified. Thus, users need only to indicate thetype of message desired and the data to be inserted. This would be a cost effective candi-date for automation if provided in areas such as supply (MILSTRIPS) and either as a stand-alone hard copy system or electronically interfaced with an automated communicationsystem.
Many functions in message preparation can be benefited by automation. For themost part message acceptance involves people and is not a cost effective candidate forautomation. The message preparation for transmission, however, can be enhanced greatlyby automation. The following tasks within this function are considered candidates forautomation:
* Assign and log unique DTG
* Validate message parameters
* Determine format of delivery circuit
" Validate PLAs
" Prepare message in correct format and LMF
* Place message in proper outgoing queue
Automating these tasks will improve accuracy, save time and personnel hours andreduce personnel requirements. Automating the message transmission function requires a,,interconnect of an automated message preparation system to an automated communicationssystem and the development of software to control the interface properly. The cost effec-tive candidates for automation within the message backrouting function are:
" Determine recipients
* Duplicate, collate and slot message copies
Automation of the delivery task is cost effective only on a fully automated platform.The file maintenance function is a prime area for automation. The customer request func-tion is a prime area for automation assistance with access to the data base being the primarytask to be automated. The tedious and time consuming task of recording message statisticsand making reports can be greatly benefited by automation. The file destruction functionis highly dependent on the file media used and is not an area that can be enhanced effec-tively by full automation.
Four levels of increasing capabilities, cost and complexity for an automated messagepreparation system (AMPS) were formulated as a result of this study. Each succeeding levelof AMPS contains the automated functions of the preceding levels, as well as additional newfunctions. AMPS can be incorporated into any computerized communication systems suchas NAVMACS, MPAS and COMPARS.
AMPS I is defined as the basic outgoing message preparation system. It automatesthose functions within a communications center which require the greatest number ofpersonnel and are characterized as being the most time consuming and prone to humanerror. In particular, it automates the preparation of an ACP 126 modified message for
I1 ,
transmission. Other outgoing message processing l'functions are accomplished manually,semi-automatically or by systelms such as the naval modular al'tomatcd c',,imicatioiissystem (NAVMACS) or the message reproduction and distribution system (MRDIS).
The development of AMPS I is a low cost, low risk proposition. It automates theprocessing of 80 to 90 percent of the typical outgoing message traffic on a small ship andprovides significant enhancement to message processing on large ships.
AMPS II is the most cost effective level of the four levels of capabilities being con-sidered. In addition to the capabilities of AMPS 1, AMPS II automates the validation ofplain language addresses (PLA) and address indicator groups (AIG), message filing and re-trieval functions and formatting of JANAP 128, ACP 126 messages. It is a moderate cost.low risk proposition. It automates 90 percent of the typical outgoing message traffic andis suitable for medium to large ships.
AMPS III capabilities are essentially the same as the outgoing message processingcapabilities of NAVMACS V4 with MRDIS. In addition to the capabilities of an AMPS Iand AMPS II, the AMPS III increases the variety of input devices, generates data patternmessages, automates some of the backrouting functions and, additionally, automates thosefunctions typically called for in only five to 10 percent of outgoing message traffic (sec-tioning, segmenting, retransmitting, readdressing, etc).
The development of AMPS III is a high cost, low-to-moderate risk proposition andprovides only a small increase in capability over AMPS II at a considerable increase in cost.This system is suitable for large ships.
AMPS IV, in addition to the capabilities of AMPS I, AMPS II and AMPS III, usesremotely located, networked KDTs for the message composition, staffing, releasing anddelivery functions. It also uses remote LPs for electronic delivery of messages beingbackrouted.
While AMPS IV would automate all message preparation functions, its developmentis a very high cost, moderate risk proposition that is practical only on fully automated ships.
CONCLUSIONS
To provide a near term, cost effective system with minimum changes to the presentmethod of message preparation, chop and release the paper reading, (OCR) AMPS II is Idetermined to be the modular system that can be used as a stand-alone system or be incor-porated into any computerized communication system such as NAVMACS.
IIII
CONTENTS
BACKGROUND... page 11
STUDY DEFINITION... I I
Message Entry Device (MED) Study ... 13
Automated Message Preparation (AMP) Study ... 15
MESSAGE GENERATION... 17
Message Generation Functions ... 17
Functions Analysis ... 17
Message Composition ... 17Pro Forma Message Composition Aids ... 18Narrative Message Composition ... 18Message Chop and Coordination ... 18Message Approval and Release ... 18
Media... 19
Media Evaluation ... 19Typwritten Page (DD-173 Form) ... 20Typewriter for Message Generation ... 20Keyboard/Display Intelligent Terminal with Printer for Message
Generation ... 20Electrical Signals ... 22Binary Magnetic Field (Magnetic Disks, Tapes or Cards) ... 22Multimedia ... 25Media Evaluation Results ... 27Typewritten Page (DD-173 Joint Messageform) ... 30Electrical Signals ... 31Binary Magnetic Field on Disks, Tapes and Cards ... 32
Message Entry Devices (MED) ... 33
Optical Character Reader (OCR) Characteristics andEquipments... 33
Keyboard/Display Terminal (KDT) Characteristics andEquipments ... 33
Magnetic Device Characteristics and Equipments... 33Typewriter Terminal Characteristics and Equipments ... 33Printer Characteristics and Equipments ... 33
Conclusions and Recommendations ... 34
AUTOMATED MESSAGE PREPARATION... 35
Message Preparation Functions ... 36
Accept Message ... 36Prepare Message for Transmission ... 39Transmit Message ... 39
5
CONTENTS (Continued)
Backroutc Message ... page 39File Message... 39Perform Ancillary Functions ... 40File Maintenance ... 40Customer Requests ... 40Record Keeping and Reporting ... 40File Destruction . . 41
Naval Message Preparation Functions Analysis... 41
Message Acceptance ... 41Magnetic Card Media ... 41Magnetic Tape Media ... 43
Visual Media (Typewritten Page) ... 43Electrical Media . . . 43
Conclusions... 44Message Preparation... 44Message Backrouting ... 45Message Filing ... 45Customer Requests... 46Maintain Statistics ... 46Destroy Surplus Classified Material. . . 47Message Preparation System Rating Criteria ... 47
Message Preparation Systems .. • 47
AMPS Functional Capabilities ... 48
AMPS 1... 48
AMPS II... 49AMPS III... 50AMPS IV ... 51AMPS Cost Comparisons ... 52
Message Preparation System Evaluation ... 59
AMPS I Evaluation... 59Performance/Cost... 59Impact.. 60Ease of Development... 60AMPS II Evaluation ... 60Performance/Cost.. . 61
Impact. . . 61Ease of development ... 61
AMPS III Evaluation ... 61Performance/Cost ... 61
Impact ... 62Ease of Development ... 62
AMPS IV Evaluation ... 62Performance/Cost... 62
6
CONTENTS (Continued)
Impact ... 62Ease of Development ... 62
Conclusions and Recommendations.. 63
REFERENCES... 64
APPENDIX A: OPTICAL CHARACTER READER (OCR) CHARACTERISTICSAND EQUIPMENTS... 65
APPENDIX B: KEYBOARD/DISPLAY TERMINAL (KDT) CHARACTERISTICSAND EQUIPMENTS... 69
APPENDIX C: MAGNETIC DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS AND EQUIPMENTS... 77
APPENDIX D: TYPEWRITER TERMINAL CHARACTERISTICS ANDEQUIPMENTS... 81
APPENDIX E: PRINTER CHARACTERISTiCS AND EQUIPMENTS... 85
APPENDIX F: MEDIA SELECTION CRITERIA... 89
ATTACHMENT A: OPTICAL CHARACTER READER FOR THE AUTOMATEDMESSAGE ENTRY SYSTEM ... 94
ATTACHMENT B: ANNOTATED BRIEFING OUTLINE OF THE FINALSTUDY REPORT... 136
FIGURES
I. Outgoing Naval message processing study definitions ... page 1 22. Message generation flow ... 14
3. Message preparation functions ... 16
4. Message generation system model - general ... 19
5. Message generation system model -- typed DD-1 73 form as medium ... 216. Message generation system model - printed DD-173 form as medium ... 237. Message generation system model - electrical medium ... 24
8. Message generation system model - magnetic medium ... 26
ABI Outgoing Naval Message processing - study d-finitions ... 140
AU
TABLES
I Visual media (typed or printed page) evaluation summary .. page 27
2. Magnetic media evaluation summary... 283. Electrical media evaluation summary... 29
4. Media cost comparison ... 305. Message preparation functions ... 37
6. AMPS equipment list... 537. AMPS I hardware and software costs... 55
8. AMPS II hardware and software costs... 569. AMPS III hardware and software costs ... 57
10. AMPS IV hardware and software costs... 58
AAI. CDC 92650 - Technical specifications... 96ABI. Media cost comparison... 145
I
IIII
I
I
GLOSSARY
ACP Allied Communications Publications
ADP Automated Data Processing
AIG Address Indicator Groups
AMAP Automated Message Assistance Processor
AMES Automated Message Entry System
AMPS Automated Message Preparation System
ASCII American Standard Code for InformationInterchange
COMMANAVSURFPAC Commander of Naval Surface ForceU.S. Pacific Fleet
CMTU Cartridge Magnetic Tape unit
CNO Chief Naval Operations
CPU Central Processing Unit
CSN Channel Sequence Numbers
DAAS DoD Automatic Addressing System
DTG Date Time Group
EMMCT Electrical Media Message CompositionTerminal
EMMVT Electrical Media Message VerificationTerminal
FIFO First-in-first-out
HF High Frequency
ITA#2 International Telegraph Alphabet #2
JANAP Joint Army Navy Air Force Publication
KDIT Keyboard/Display Intelligent Terminal
KDT Keyboard/Display Terminal
LMF Language Media Format
LP Line Printer
MCS Message Composition Station
MDU Magnetic Disk Unit
MED Message E"ntry Device
MMMCT Magnetic Media Message CompositionTerminal
MMMVT Magnetic Media Message VerificationTerminal
MMR Magnetic Media Reader
MPA Message Preparation Aid
I.j I
MPDS Message Processing Distribution SystemMRI)IS Message Reproduction and l)istribut ion System
MTU Magnetic Tape UnitNAVCOMPARS Naval C mninunication Processing and Routing System
NAVMACS Naval Modular Automated Communications SystemNELC Naval Electronic Laboratory CenterNOSC Naval Ocean Systems Center
NSAP Navy Science Assistance ProgramNTDS Naval Tactical Data SystemOCR Optical Character ReaderOPEVAL Operational EvaluationPCR Punch Card ReaderPLA Plain Language AddressPTP Paper Tape PunchPTR Paper Tape Reader
RI Routing IndicatorSSN Station Serial Number
SURFPAC Naval Surface Force U.S. Pacific FleetTI) Technical l)ocumentTEMPEST An unclassified short name referring to investigations
and studies of compromising emanationsTOF Time of File
TTY Teletype
USAREUR United States Army EuropeUSMC United States Marine Corps
VMMCT Visual Media Message Composition Terminal
tIII
l0
BACKGROUNI)
This report has been prepared by NOS(' (ode 8125 for NSAIP 4ProicCt Si RP-I--4).The NSAP tasking was an outgrowth of an earlier NSAP effort (Project TI-2_'5 4. In thcearlier NSAP project a feasibility model of an autolated ongoing message preparationsystem was installed onboard the USS OKLAI ,)MA CITY in April and May I970. It usedan optical character reader as an input device. Fhe results of feasibility model testing arccontained in Reference 1 and indicate a high degree of acceptance by users and a significantincrease in communication center efficiency on the OKLAIIOMA CITY. A suIbsequentrequest by the OKLAHOMA CITY requesting continued usage of the test system* resultedin SURFPAC direction** to study further the effectiveness and efficiency of automatedoutgoing message preparation systems and candidate message entry devices as applied to theshipboard message preparation process.
NOSC Code 8125 has developed significant background in the advancement ofautomated outgoing message preparation systems and in the use of keyboard'displayterminals (KDT) and optical character readers (OCR) as message entry devices. It also hasexpertise in microprocessor systems, smart and dumb terminals and magnetic card, tape anddisk input devices. Related efforts by Code 8 125 in the field of message preparation andentry are as follows:
" OCR Selection Criteria and Equipment Survey (Reference 2)
" Feasibility Model Development of an Automated Message Entry System(Reference 3)
* USS OKLAHOMA CITY Automated Message Preparation Study and FeasibilityDemonstration (Reference I)
* Feasibility Demonstration of a Tactical Message Preparation System forUSAREUR (Reference 4)
0 Advanced Development of an Automated Message Entry System (AMES) forUSMC (References 5 through 15)
STUDY DEFINITION
The object of this study is to analyze the outgoing message process of' Navy shipsand to determine which message generation and preparation functions are cost effectivecandidates for automation. A second object is to analyze the various media by which amessage might be routed through the message generation process and to recommend thedesired media and suitable message entry device(s).
As shown in Figure 1 , this effort has been broken into the message entry devicestudy and the automated message preparation system study. These are artificial andarbitrary divisions but they suit the study goals and simplify and bind the analyses. For thisstudy, the processing of outgoing naval messages has been broken into message generationand message preparation for transmission. Message generation is the process from creation
*USS OKLAHOMA CITY has retained and continues usage of the feasibility test system, this system ispresently installed on the USS BLUE RIDGE
**COMMANAVSURFPAC 2221 1OZ DEC 77
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of rouh drafts thr,Mh command approval and release. Message preparation is concernedwith actions normally taken in the communications center to ready a message for entr\ intothe message transmission system.
As shown in the figure, possible inputs to the message composition station are voice,handwriting and keystroke (typewriter or keyboard). Voice and/or handwriting are desir-able but presently not state-of-art and thus the keystroke emerges as the input of concern.
MESSAGE ENTRY DEVICE (MED) STUDY
The message entry device study concerns itself with the message compositionstations to be distributed throughout a ship and the message generation process frommessage composition to delivery at the communications center window (or equivalent)for preparation and transmission. Message generation functions have been flowcharted asdepicted in Figure 2.
A driving force in this study will be an analysis of the media used for messagerouting. At present this medium is paper (DD- 173 forms or equivalent) and the messagecomposition station, a typewriter. A trend toward automation would imply an upgradingto smart typewriters or even a replacement of the conventional typewriter with a keyboard/display terminal and a resultant trend toward electrical routing of messages.
Smart terminals offer up a host of message composition aids, none of which arepresent in the current system and many of which offer significant benefit. The media couldremain type on paper or could be replaced by electrical, magnetic, paper tape or othermachine readable code. It should be noted t!,at any departure from a human readablemedium results in a substantial requirement for distributed reader/displays and attendant hardcopy devices. It is now, and will remain in the future, human nature for all in the process towant a personal hard copy. It should be noted further that most media dictate a continu-ance of the messenger/mail routing of messages for chop and release, whereas one, electrical,evokes images of a hands off, ,:eed-of-light message transfer.
In all cases, there is a need for an automated input into the message preparationsystem (communications center). The present manual poking of formatted paper tapes, withits attendant errors and bottleneck at the input to communications center processing, is nottolerable. All media in question satisfy the requirement of being machine readable; how-ever, type on paper has the advantage of being human and machine (by optical characterreader) readable, thus retaining a familiar and comfortable system (minimum perturbationand user confidence). The electrical media eliinnate the messenger/mail routing but at ahigh cost in electronics and ADP equipment (complexity).
13
CONVERSION OF THOUGHTROUGH DRAFT TO FIRM COPY
ERROR CORRECTIONAND CHANGE
CONVERSION TO MESSAGE
EDIT DRAFT GENERATION SYSTEMFORMS/FORMATS
CHOP CHAIN OF COMMAND REVIEW
COORDINATE INTERESTED PARTY REVIEW
IFFINAL APPROPRIATE OFFICIAL
APPROVAL REVIEW AND APPROVAL
IFCLERICAL FUNCTIONS AND
RELEASE RELEASE TO MESSAGEPREPARATION SYSTEM
DELIVER TO MESSAGEPREPARATION SYSTEM
Figure 2. Message generation flow.
14
AUTOMATED MESSAGE PREPARATION (AMP) STUDY
The AMP study will concern itself with functions performed primarily b% theshipboard communications center. These functions will be called message preparationfunctions and are depicted in Figure 3. Shipboard communications center functions areprime candidates for automation and several s.ystems exist which address this area. Manydata on time and error reduction are available. The time savings in hours in communicationcenter processing is a typical result of communications center automation.* This number isreduced somewhat in significance when balanced by the overall writer-to-reader time oftypical (routine and priority) Naval message processing (but during high tempo most of theformal routing and approval is skipped and the delay in the communications center thenbecomes very significant). Automation also reduces the number of required communica-tions ,enter personnel as well as message errors. It should be noted there is a growing trendtoward incorporating some automated message preparation functions into the messagetransmission system.
*Quite often time is saved from improved message composition and entry in conjunction with automationof communications center functions.
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MESSAGE GENERATION
Within the Navy, Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) has recently promulgated(OP-643C/LEX2D5 Ser 771307 of 16 February 1978) a set of rules for message textformatting. These rules concern themselves with the textual portion of Navy data patternmessages. The communications header portions of messages continue to be specified inJoint Army, Navy, Air Force Publication (JANAP) 128 (G) Allied Communications Publi-cation (ACP) 127 (E).
An objective of this message text formatting, as stated in the rules from CNO, isto produce messages which are both understandable by humans and compatible with ADP.Their goal should be the goal of all future shipboard message generation and preparationsystems.
MESSAGE GENERATION FUNCTIONS
For the purposes of this study the shipboard message generation functions are asdepicted in Figure 3 and defined as follows.
" Rough draft: Writing down thoughts and/or data in rough form
" Draft: Preparation of a message on a medium suitable for edit, chop,coordination, approval and release
" Edit: Changing or correction of message content by deleting, adding orsubstituting words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs; restructuring themessage content also would be an edit function
* Chop: Changes in a message by the chain of command to insure readability andconformance to proper format and content; review and approval by the chainof command
* Coordinate: Disclosure of the message to interested parties in the immediate areawho need the information for planning purposes or who will be affected by theaction of information contained in the message; anyone reviewing the messagemay suggest changes
" Final Approval: Formal authorization for message transmission by the command
" Release: Transfer of a message from the release authority to the communicationscenter after approval; approval of a message for transmission is noted by a uniqueidentification (i.e., signature) of a release authority
FUNCTIONS ANALYSIS
The following paragraphs concern themselves with the significant divisions of thtshipboard message generation process and discuss the effect, implications and constraints ofautomation on this process.
Message Composition
There are several automated message generation functions which are aimed athelping the writer compose his message. These aids break into the major categories of proforma message and narrative message composition aids.
I17
I.
Pro Forma Message Composition Aids
Pro forma mnessages include RAINFORM, weather. communications status andfLuCl status reports. DAAS suppl\ messages and others whose format is rigidly specified.fhe structure of pro fornia messages is rigidly specified so that data may be accepted bycomputers for automated processing. Thtcrefore. it is necessary that the message beabsolutely correct in format as well as data content. Also, the header lines are usually fixed.Thus, a message composition aid which automatically generates significant portions of proforma messages would save time and improve accuracy. Such a device is the message prepa-ration aid (MPA) developed and evaluated by Naval Electronics Laboratory Center (NtLC)in 1973. The MPA and an evaluation is the subject of NELC TD 305 of 14 February 1974.16Note that pro forina message generation could be accomplished at a centralized location.The individuals responsible for generating the message need only specify the type of proforna message and the data to be inserted.
Narrative Message Composition
Working from the assumption that the smart typewriter or a ke.board/displayterminal (KDT) will replace the typewriter/message form as the tool of message composition.then there is a use and a need for narrative message composition aids. Narrative messagecomposition aids run the range from delete and correct to spelling and syntax validation.It should be noted that it is not necessary to discuss the output (electrical. hardcopy,magnetic tape, etc.) of the KDT or its interface to the balance of the message generationprocess to cover the merits of the message composition aids. Distributed KDTs wouldimply significant capital expenditure and maintenance support costs. The smarts involvedhave to be provided either centrally (electrical/support requirements) or locally (increasingthe cost of KDT). The implied evolution is toward an electrical interface and electricalrouting through the message generation and preparation process. This would require signifi-cant changes to internal routing and approval procedures and substantial store and forward fcapabilities and alerts. Again, this requires significant capabilities which have to be providedfor either locally or centrally.
Message Chop and Coordination
The chop and coordination functions %ll be performed by personnel who must beable to read the message. If the medium containing the message cannot be read, then aspecial reading device must be provided, e.g., a magnetic tape reader and display if themedium is magnetic tape. The chop and coordination can be done with printed copies ofthe message given to the appropriate people for review. After the chop and coordination Iprocesses, suggested changes can be written on copies of the message and given to the
message writer who then will edit the original message. Thus, we see the "other than paper"media reverting to paper during chop and coordination and edit.
Message Approval and Release
Before the message is received by persons designated as the release authority, allchop, coordination and editing should be performed on the message. If the mediumcontaining the message cannot be read, then a special reading device must be provided. Therelease authority must show approval on the medium bearing the message before releasing Iit to the communication center and must be completely confident that the medium containsthe message in the exact form that was approved originally. I
18 I,
MEDIA
Media Evaluation
Message generation is done for the significant types of media. Media selectioncriteria are the subject of Appendix F. The type of media for message entry considered arctypewritten pages, binary electrical signals and binary magnetic fields on disks, tapes andcards. The generalized model shown in Figure 4 is used to illustrate the message flow fordiscussion of the media.
~MESSAGE'MESSAGE COMPOSITION MEDIA
I APPROVAL
SFINAL APPROVAL
I AND RELEASE
L MESSAGE GENERATION PROCESS
SYSTM J SYSTEM
Figure 4. Message generation system model - general.
19I
Typewritten Page (DD-173 Form)
This medium permits the appropriate people to read the message without usingspecial equipment and facilitates coordination with those individuals concerned with thepurpose and effects of the message. Since the message is printed on paper, it can be repro-duced. Suggestions and changes can be noted on a paper copy of the message and returnedto the message writer. The message can be carried to any place where the review personnelare located. The routing procedures and safeguards for classified message handling can bethe same as for other paper documents. A message generation system using DD-1 73 formsas the medium is depicted in Figure 5. A message printed on a DD-173 form is readable byhumans and compatible with message entry equipment when an optical character reader isthe message entry equipment.
Typewriter for Message Generation
The following steps explain the flow of messages typed on DD-173 forms throughthe message generation process:
STEP 1. A draft message is typed and copies are given to appropriate personnel for
chop and coordination.
STEP 2. The review personnel will make changes on a copy of the message andreturn it to the message writer or indicate that the message needs no change.
STEP 3. The message writer will make any changes on a copy of the message andgive it to the typist for correction. If the typewriter has a storage device and editingfunctions, the typist can recall the message from storage and edit it. If a conven-tional typewriter is used, editing of a message is accomplished by indicating wherethe change is to be made and typing the desired change on a correction page. Thesecorrection pages are also readable by the OCR. Note that it is not necessary toretype the entire message.
STEP 4. Copies of the revised message are given again to the review personnel.
STEP 5. Steps 2, 3 and 4 are repeated until no changes are made and the messageis ready for final approval.
STEP 6. The message is delivered to the release authority for review and signature.If the message is not released, it is returned to the message writer with appropriateexplanations. The message composition process would continue at Step 3.
STEP 7. After the message is approved and signed by the release authority, it isdelivered to the communication center.
Keyboard/Display Intelligent Terminal with Printer for Message Generation
There are advantages in using a keyboard/display intelligent terminal (KDIT) with aprinter instead of a typewriter. They are the potentials for an extensive editing capability,memory for storing several types of pro forma messages and prompting/validation orrestriction of characters entered in the message. The time required for editing a message orgenerating a pro forma message probably would be shorter using a KDIT instead of a type-writer. The steps explaining the generation and flow of messages using a KDIT with aprinter are the same as those stated in the preceding section except the typewriter is replaced
20
CLERK-TYPIST TYPEWRITTENTYPEWRITER PAGES
IDRAFT F. REVEW
MESSAGE APPROVALS INTERESTED INDIVIDUALS
I AND CHAIN OF COMMANDi i ONOT YES
ROUGH /II 1I RUHDRAFT
MESSAGE
I /I
IEDIT~ NO FINAL APPROVALMESSAGE
AND RELEASE
IIcMESSAGE WRITER YES RELEASE AUTHORITY
III IL - MESSAGE GENERATION PROCESS
MESSAGECOMMUN ICATI ON PR EPARATI ON
SYSTEM SYSTEM
Figure 5. Message generation system model - typed DD-173 form as medium.
I
with a K)IT and printer. Such a systcm is depicted in Figurc 0. The K)IT with a printcrwould cost considerablv more than a typewr -.
Electrical Signals
This mediul is compatible with message processing equipment but is noti rCadableby humans. This medium enables a fast transIer of a message between equipments afterkey board entry. The equipment for converting the message to electrical signals is a KDIT.The features of a KDIT are the same as those stated as advantages in the preceding section.A printer would be used with the KDIT to print a copy of the message for review aridediting by the people concerned with the message content. Appropriate sccurity safe-guards should be implemented to ensure that the KDIT and any personnel viewing theKDIT are cleared for a classified message. To review the message. the release authoritywould use the display on any available KDIT. After the release authority read andapproved the message. an identification unique to each release authority would be enteredafter the message to show approval. After approval and release, no changes in the messagecontent would be allowed. The following steps explain the generation and flow of messagesusing the electrical medium. These are shown pictorially in Figure 7.
STEP I . The message composition station IMCS) operator will key the message intothe KDIT and route electrically for reviews and approvals. Hard copies would beprinted out for review by appropriate persons.STEP 2. The appropriate review personnel will make changes on a copy of themessage and return it to the message writer or indicate that the message needs nochange. The review and approvals could be done either on the KDIT and routedelectrically or on a locally printed copy and routed by messenger.
STEP 3. The message writer will make appropriate changes on a copy of themessage and give it to the MCS operator for editing.
STEP 4. A new copy of the edited message is electrically routed for review again bythe appropriate personnel.
STEP 5. Steps 2, 3 and 4 are repeated again until no changes are made and themessage is ready for final approval.
STEP 6. The release authority is notified that a message is ready for approval andtransmission. The release authority reviews the message on a KDIT display andenters a unique code word at the terminal to show approval. If the message is notreleased, the message writer should be notified via the electrical medium and themessage returned to the writer with whatever explanation is appropriate. Themessage composition process would continue at Step 3.
STEP 7. The release authority would transfer the released message using theelectrical lines to the communication center from the KI)IT.
Binary Magnetic Field (Magnetic Disks, Tapes or Cards)
This medium would use a keyboard for message entry and a magnetic writingdevice for recording. The equipment would be a KDIT with the capability as stated inthe preceding section for message generation and a magnetic write/read unit for record.'Ig
22
PRINTER __ TYPEWRITTEN
PAGES
MESSAGE- APPROVALS INTERESTED INDIVIDUALS
I I' AND CHAIN OF COMMAND
ROUGH DRAFT DFO
MESSAGE
I ' /
EDT NO FINAL APPROVAL
I /I /
I~~N ROUELEAASE
L - MESSAGE GENERATION PROCESS
MEESSAGE
Figure 6. Message generation system model -- printed DD- 173 form as miediumll
I23
II
ELECTRICAL MEDIUM
PRINTER
ANDkf TNTERESTED INDIVIDUALS
APPRVALS ANDCHAIN OF COMMAND
EDIT NO FINA APPROVALAN
E I A "-
MESS DAT GEEAIN RCS
MESSAGE(;
COMESSCAGEO - AREEASE1
COMMUNICATIO
IFu7. Message generation system mlodel electrical mlediumo.
24
on the disk, tape or card. The magnetic write,'read unit could be peripheral to the KI)T orintegrated into tle KDIT. A printer would be a necessar\ peripheral unit to the Kl)IT.Read terminals would be needed at the review and approval stations as well as available tothe release authority to examine the message because the magnetic media are not readableto humans. The following steps explain the generation and flow of messages using themagnetic medium. The flow is depicted in Figure 8.
STEP I . The message composition station (MCS) operator will key the message intothe KDIT and have it written on the magnetic medium for review by appropriateindividuals. The message may be stored only on tile magnetic medium. Hard copieswill be printed for review and approval personnel who do not have readers.
STEP 2. The appropriate review personnel will make changes on a copy of themessage and return it to the message writer or indicate that the message needs nochange. The changes may be made on a hard copy printed locally or a modifiedmessage written on the medium provided for review.
STEP 3. The message writer will make appropriate changes on a copy of themessage and give it to the MCS operator for regeneration on the magnetic medium.
STEP 4. New copies of the edited message are rerouted again for review by the
appropriate personnel. The edited message replaces the original message oil themagnetic medium. Hard copies are provided where necessary.
STEP 5. Steps 2, 3 and 4 are repeated until no changes are made and tile message
is ready for final approval.
STEP 6. The message as recorded on the magnetic medium is delivered to therelease authority for review and approval. The release authority may use a specialmagnetic reader or the KDIT magnetic write/read unit for displaying the me'ssage.If the message is not released, it should be returned to the message writer xoithwhatever explanation is appropriate. The message composition process maycontinue at Step 3. The release authority adds a unique code word after the IeSsa1,'and signs on the magnetic medium container to show approval.
STEP 7. After the message is approved and released, it is delivered to the Coliun-ication center.
Multimedia
A multimedia system could use two media: for example, the typewritten page andbinary electrical signals. The typewritten page would be DD-173 forms printed from t pe-writers or printer units peripheral to a keyboard/display intelligent terminal (IKI)IT). Themessage media would be as described in the preceding sections. The message compositionsystems would operate in parallel up to the point of message entry into the communicationcenter.
To have a minimum delay in composing and enteiing a message for processing, theelectrical medium would be used with the KDIT in the MCS connected directly to themessage processor. ' he KDIT in the MCS would serve as a remote message entry terminalof the processor.
i25
PRINTER MAGNETICMAGNETIC WRITE/ MEDIA
READ UNIT J 1[TAPS II
PD1ST MAGNETIC WRITE
CAQDS RAUNT
DR INTERESTED PEOPLE
SAPPRVALS AND CHAIN OF COMMAND
I I
MESA E SSG E
I II/ I-
I I /
MSG / IMAGNETIC WRITE/[ I IREAD UNIT
EDIT NO FINAL APPROVALI ~jJIMESSAGE - - AND RELEASE 1
YES RELEASE AUTHORITYMESSAGE WRITE RI
L - MESSAGE GENERATION PROCESS
Figure 8. Message generation system model - magnetic media,
26
Ift
Media Evaluation Results
The media are evaluated with respect to readability by humans and machines.equipment costs for the message generation process and tile number and training of per-sonnel as discussed in Appendix F. Cost estimates of the typewritten page and magneticmedia are shown in Table 4. Media costs become an important consideration if the propersecurity precaution is to destroy the medium after using it only once.
Table 1. Visual media (typed or printed page) evaluation summary.
No user impact as this is the present medium
Ilandled like other paper documents in reference to precedence,security and routing procedures
No special equipment. training or skills required for personnel perform-ing message chop, coordination, approval and release functions
High user confidence
What is read and signed is what is transmitted
Know precedence and security with certainty
Media cost is low (SO.01 per page)
Commercial grade OCR typewriters are adequate
Provide the basic automation aids for message compositionNo new equipmenl required outside of communications center if OCRtypewriters already in use
Comparatively low costs for equipment, training, maintenance andsupport
Message chop, coordination and approval functions are best accomplished onpage media where changes can be penciled in and the original message draft canstill be read for comparison
Data integrity/accuracy is not as high as with magnetic or electrical media butcould be if a smart typewriter is used to generate line checksum charactersduring the message composition function; data integrity of OCRs is betterthan that provided by present manual systems
Data recoverability is high if the media are damaged
Easy to handle and is more durable than magnetic media
State-of-the-art OCRs can tolerate (within reasonable limits)
Coffee stained, coke stained, wrinkled or dirty pages
Smudged or touching charactersUneven character and line spacing
Uneven character print densityVariations in character stroke widths
Cloth ribbonsType from manual OCR font typewriters
Skewed and misaligned characters and linesPage misalignment with the typewriter
I27i
Table 2. Magnetic media evaluation summary.
High user impact" not readable by humans. require page copy and identifyinglabels on the media or:
Special equipment anid skills are required by persons performingmessage chop, coordination, approval and release functions, releaseauthority code must be magnetically encoded on the media in additionto the usual signature on the media
Require additional time, personnel arid equipment at each stage wherethe message has to be read or its precedence, security and routingrequirements have to be observed
Media are expensive and must be reused
Except for magnetic cards, only a small fraction of the media unit isused for the message
Restricted to one message per media unit to avoid conflicts duringrouting and approval and with both high and low precedence/securitymessage on the same media unit
Requires approved additional equipment and procedures to erase andverify each media unit before it is submitted for reuse
Page copy is required for chop, coordinate and approval functions as changesare not easily or effectively indicated on magnetic media
Message accountability becomes a significant problem in the comrnmunicationscenter during times of peak loading
Page copies or proof of transmission copies may become separated fromthe media unit and media are not directly readable by humans
High data integrity/accuracy through use of checksums. keying schemes,redundacy checks, etc.
Little chance of recovering the data if the media are damaged and the tendencywould be to keep page copy also
High costs for equipment, training, maintenance and support
These media are best suited to mass storage of messages
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Table 3. Electrical media evaluation summary.
High user impact
Special equipment, training and skills are required for personnel per-forming message chop, coordination, approval and release functions
Officers are mobile and not always near a terminal: it would be necessaryfor them to report to their terminals frequently to clear any pendingtraffic or they could be summoned by a terminal to clear a high prece-dence message; if this were not done, then the in basket to out basketdelay would increase to that of page media and the advantage ofelectrical routing (high speed and elimination of messengerimail routinglwould be defeated
Electrical routing is not cost effective for low volume, low precedence messagetraffic unless it is part of a larger, integrated ship's command and control ormanagement information system; quite often electrical routing is reduced incapability to being no more than an expensive electronic inlout basket: i '-rthese circumstances a cheap metal basket would be sufficient.
Page copy is required for chop, coordinate and approval functions as changesare not easily or effectively indicated on a keyboard display terminal
High data integrity/accuracy through use of checksums, keying schemes,redundancy checks. etc.
Higher costs for equipment, training, maintenance and support than would be
with magnetic or typewritten page media
High cost for both terminal and system computer software to:
Route message to the various review personnel in the correct orderNotify review personnel of a pending high precedence message or of anexcessive backlog of messages which needs to be reducedEnsure that the person operating the terminal and the terminal itself arecleared for classified messages
Verify that a message has been completely and properly routed beforeit is releasedPermit only valid release authorities to release messages
Requires installation of TEMPEST approved cables
29
'able 4. Media cost comparison.
COST ESTIMATE COST IESTIMATIE PERMEDIA PER UNIT 5(10 .MSSAG-S (1 )
Typewritten page SO.O1 /page Sb0
Magnetic( 2 )
5-1/4 inch floppy disk S 7.00/disk S 1.750
8 inch floppy disk 8.50/disk 2.125
hard disk 80.00/disk 20.000
tape cassette 7.00/cassette 1.750
tape mini-cartridge 18.00/cartridge 4.500
tape cartridge 19 .00/cartridge 4.750
card 1.00/card 250
Paper tape (3 ) S 0.50/roll S 6.25
Electrical (4 ) very low very low
NOTES:
This roughly represents 10 days of messagc traffic based on USS OKLAIIOMA CITY data
2. Based on one message/unit, 50 messages/day, an average message length of 2100 characters,and the medium, where applicable, is available for reuse once every five days: security problemsassociated with reusing the medium are not considered
3. Assumes an efficiency use of 40 messages/roll
4. One time cable installation costs will be considerable
Typewritten Page (DD-173 Joint Messageform)
This medium has the advantage of being readable by humans during the messagegeneration process and readable by an optical character reader (OCR) for the entry into anautomated message preparation system after final approval. The type style on the type-written page would be a special font, readable by both humans and OCR units. OCR unitscan be programmed to read particular fonts. The selection of which type style to use isbased on the ease with which humans can read the characters and the error rate associatedwith the OCR unit that must also read the characters. The Department of the Navy hasspecified the use of OCR-B (Reference 17). The DD-1 73 typewritten pages are not reusable,but they have a very low cost, they are plentiful and can be easily handled as with otherpaper documents. The equipment cost for preparing the medium at a single messagecomposition station (MCS) is estimated to vary from $800 to $30,000 depending on theequipment used. For example, a commercial electric typewriter costing $800 may bepurchased with the appropriate type style. However, the initial cost of an MCS could belower if the shipboard typewriters presently used have a changeable type capability and theparticular OCR readable type style is available for that model typewriter. Additional costs
30
would be low also for logistic support of presently used typewriters. The equipment costswill be high for a keyboard/display intelligent terminal (KDIT) with a printer, ip to about
S30.000 for one MCS. There are many KDITs and printers available for the commercialmarket costing much less than $30,000 but these eqluipments are not designed for shipboarduse. The costs for a fully qualified shipboard KI)IT and printer may even exceed the
S30,000 depending on the total capability required.
The operator for an MCS using a typewriter would need training as a typist. If thetypewriter has extra editing and special features for message composition, then extra train-ing would be required for machine operation. If a KDIT and printer are used ill the MCS,
then the operator skills and training time may increase greatly over that required for type-writer use. Although a KDIT with extensive editing and special capability would requiremore operator skills and training time than if the ordinary typewriter was used, onceacquired, tile training should speed the message generation process. The exact benefits of atradeoff of message generation time for operator training time are beyond the scope of this
report. The use of operator prompting by the KDIT may reduce the time required for gen-eration of some types of messages and also may reduce operator training time. Only onetrained person is required for an MCS.
There would be no equipment or training for personnel involved with chop, coordin-ation and release of messages over what is required at present. The message review andrelease personnel would be able to read the message on the DD-I 73 form whether it is typedon a typewriter or printed from a KDIT. There would be no additional security require-ments for message handling beyond those presently in use.
Electrical Signals
This medium has the advantage of having a fast transfer between equipments andcompatible signals for entry into an automated message preparation system.
The use of the electrical medium aboard ship requires that TEMPEST approvedcables be installed. The cables and cable installation cost, a one time cost, would be high.The location and number of message composition stations, message handling equipments
and the cable routing would need to be determined before cable installation costs couldbe estimated adequately.
The equipment cost for a single message composition station (MCS) is estimated to
vary from $5000 to $40,000, depending on the equipment used. If a commercial smarttypewriter is used that has storage, edit and electrical communication capability, the cost
may be as low as $5000. If a KDIT is used in the MCS, then the cost may be about S40,000for a shipboard qualified unit. Security approved equipment and spaces would be required
for each MCS.
The operator of a MCS using a smart typewriter or KDIT would need training as atypist and machine operator, as well as special training for communication control, editingand use of message composition features. The training, once acquired, should speed themessage generation process. Here again, the exact benefits of a tradeoff of message gener-ation time for operator training time are beyond the scope of this report. The use of operatorprompting by the smart typewriter or KDIT may reduce the time required for generation ofsome types of messages and also reduce operating time. Only one trained person is required
for each MCS.
I| 31
The equipment cost for a single station for message chop, coordination or release isestimated to be from S5000 to $35,000, depending on the equipment used. A smart type-writer or KDIT with a printer may be used for message review and release. The review andrelease personnel would need training in equipment operation and communication control.Changes to a message may be noted on a hard copy or entered via the keyboard on a smarttypewriter or KDIT. A hard copy may be routed back to the message writer using the samedelivery system as for other paper documents or the changes entered by keyboard can betransferred electrically back to a place where the message writer can view the changes on adisplay or obtain a hard copy. The use of operator prompting for review and release func-tions when changes are entered via keyboard may reduce the time required for messagecorrection. Security approved equipment, spaces and safeguards would be required toensure that only authorized personnel view a message.
Binary Magnetic Field on Disks, Tapes and Cards
Magnetic disks, tapes or cards are readable by the appropriate reading device forentry into an automated message processing system. The magnetiL medium is not suitablefor direct reading of a message by humans but, with appropriate reading and display (orprinter) devices, a message can be read from it.
Magnetic disks and tapes are best suited for mass storage of messages. The storagecapacity (200 to 300 messages) of a disk or tape far exceeds the requirements for an averagelength message. However, a tape or disk could be used as the medium for the messagegeneration process. The storage capacity of one magnetic card is suitable for an averagelength message, but several cards would be required for a long message.
The equipment cost for a single message composition station (MCS) is estimated tobe S7000 to $45,000, depending on the equipment used. If a commercial smart typewriterwith a magnetic write/read unit attached is used in the MCS, then the cost may be as low asS7000. If a KDIT with magnetic write/read unit and printer is used, the cost may (1o Lip toabout $90,000 depending on the total capability required. Security approved equipmentand spaces would be required for each MCS.
The operator of a MCS would need training as a typist and equipment operator,as well as special training for use of any editing and message composition features. Onceacquired, the training in the use of editing and message composition aids may speed themessage composition process. The use of operator prompting by the KDIT or smart type-writer may reduce the time required for generation of some types of messages and alsoreduce operator training time. Only one well trained operator is required for each MCS.
The equipment cost for a single station for message chop, coordination or release isestimated to be $7000 to $90,000 depending on the equipment used. A smart typewriteror KDIT with magnetic read/write unit and printer may be used. The review and releasepersonnel would need training in equipment operation and poss'bly typing if suggestedmessage changes are added to the magnetic medium. Changes to a message may be noted ona hard copy of the message instead of added to the magnetic medium. The use of a readingstation by review and release personnel would increase the time required for message gener-ation above what is presently used, as well as requiring operator training time. Each personneeding to review or release a message would need operator training or have an operator use
32
the equipment. This would increase the number of personnel involved in message operation.The use of operator prompting for review and release may minimize training and messagegeneration time.
MESSAGE ENTRY DEVICES (MED)
Some of the most important characteristics of message entry devices are summarizedin Appendices A through E. Also characteristics of equipment that may be used in messageentry systems are compared to the MED characteristics.
Information about the equipments was taken mostly from sales and marketingbrochures. These brochures do not supply all the information required, in which case thecharacteristics for that equipment were marked -INA" (information not available). Theequipment manufacturers may be contacted to obtain the missing information.
Optical Character Reader (OCR) Characteristics and Equipments
The OCR characteristics of primary interest are cost. throughput, character recog-nition, page input requirements and suitability for Navy shipboard use. Characteristics andOCR equipments are listed in Appendix A.
Keyboard/Display Terminal (KDT) Characteristics and Equipments
The KDT characteristics of primary interest are the cost, keyboard capability.display features, compose and edit capability and suitability for Navy shipboard use. Char-acteristics and KDT equipments are listed in Appendix B.
Magnetic Device Characteristics and Equipments
The magnetic devices considered are read/write units for floppy disks and diskettes,hard disks, tape cassettes, tape cartridges and mini-cartridges and magnetic cards. Thecharacteristics of primary interest are equipment costs, the memory capacity of each unit,interface control and information and suitability for Navy shipboard use. Characteristicsand equipments are listed in Appendix C.
Typewriter Terminal Characteristics and Equipments
The typewriter terminals considered are keyboard/printer smart terminals. Thecharacteristics of primary interest are cost, keyboard capability, print quality, composeand edit capability and suitability for Navy shipboard use. Characteristics and equipments
are listed in Appendix D.
Printer Characteristics and Equipments
The printer characteristics of primary interest are cost, print quality and type styles,paper handling, interface control and suitability for shipboard use. Characteristics andprinter equipments are listed in Appendix E.
1I 33
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
There is a wide variety of systems available commercially that could function asmessage generation stations. Unfortunately, none are approved for service use and there islittle likelihood of any of them being approved in their present form. Putting any smartterminal with memory aboard a ship will require a development project. The advantages ofusing message composition stations are obvious, but tile life cycle cost of such a terminalis difficult to analyze.
Having distributed smart and/or dumb display terminals with electrical routingprovides the highest level of capability at the highest cost. If funds were unlimited thiswould clearly be the best choice. Such a system would cost well in excess of two milliondollars each if it were programmed to a high level of capability. The use of keyboard printerremote terminals rather than keyboard displays would decrease the hardware cost involved.but would increase the software cost. The resultant cost would still be at least two milliondollars each.
Other message composition stations lessentially word processing systems) based onmagnetic media (e.g.. key-to-disk, key-to-tape. key-to-magnetic card) car, be designed withsophisticated editing packages that could do much to speed the actual typing of the message.Their cost would be in excess of S90.000 each for a s% stern for shipboard use. The main-tenance and required operator training would add to tile cost.
The common electric typewriter Currently in servit'e use is by far the least expensivemessage composition station. but it likewise has lite least capability. Typewritten pages canbe used as input to automatic message preparatior s sterns using an (R.
It should be pointed out thathe mlagt n tniii po isit ion. staffing and releasingfunctions involve mostly hurnan Iunc'tions and. thcitore. are' nt cost eftcL.tixc c andidatesfor automation. Quite often. te lin t ' m I 1t s nti rig tile Iir,.l dralt. riewarcming in fornation.staffing the message and \,al1ting for thlt' t, ' I'L re i ,ed b\ tlie appropriate person-nel greatly exceeds the time spent itt) fiUtlt t ,L ir, u1i\ "tiU"WiltICllt drafts on a nedium
suitable for stafTing and dch\er\ 1(t in 'run' ht,,t1 lii-,|h)II, , ,lt l 1, siig smart terllinals
(e.g.. keyboard display prilter [L'r1u ll- .1 ! htlnr, K , \-' r t,!r s Ith mdgnctic meniorvcapability) to aid ill produ, 11g t i, , . f. .i, di., [,.ul., hittlc henefit in tile overallprocess and, thus. is not Lost ~f L1, \ ,. ,ii r it; t ill lkt t'ernals extremlelv
expensive compared 1t ,) tl t'l IiI [ t, . i , , 11 .list tilt ttf for llantenance.
support and training is a signliti at , spllk tin ( i ntitl hL Itu lleCrcd
Typing or editing a inessa¢gt oh l in ttwiil t, t riter retuires xer\ littleoperator training. Changes to .i nicssagi t C.1111\ A .I . Mpi1SIti h\ indic-ating where tilechange is being made and typing thiftcsirc'i , alingc -t', ., t r tI in page Ihese correctionpages are also readable bx the (R \,,tL th.il it is t ,f nc,cssar. t4 reNpV tile entiremessage. On the other hand. smart tLinlals arC sophist td,+ des icWes \4 hichm require exten-
sive operator training for both officer and enlisted personnel
Using networked smart terminals is the most expensive means of message generationand delivery and is justified onl. on the largest and most ophsticated ships where tileterminal could be used as part of a larger integrated ship' command and control or manage-ment information system. Although networked terminals would drastically decrease thetransfer time between various review personnel, they would not decrease significantly theinherent delays associated with the human functions of staffing and releasing a message. In
34
fact, unless the reviewing officers are sitting at or near their respective terminals for a majorportion of their day, it would increase tile "in basket" to "out basket" delay. Basically, itis much easier for a messenger to find an officer aboard ship than for a smart terminal tosummon him. Another major problem and cost associated with using networked terminalsis the implementation of the security safeguards required to ensure that only authorizedpersonnel view a message.
Since it is desirable to have only the originator make changes to the message media,the copy returned to the originator for correction must show clearly where the changeswere made and what the original text was. Using either magnetic or electrical media, this isextremely difficult to do in a manner that is either printable or displayable. From a humanfactors point of view, page copies are the only acceptable media for the chop and coordin-ation cycle as any changes can be penciled in easily. This medium allows anyone viewingthe message to easily see exactly what words or phrases were changed and what new phrasesor paragraphs were added to the original draft and yet still allows the original draft to beread for comparison. This, of course, does not preclude the use of magnetic or electricalmedia altogether. but points out a significant advantage of page media.
AUTOMATED MESSAGE PREPARATION
This section is not concerned with the generation of a message, but only with itshandling after it arrives at the communications center via either electronic or manual means.The section is divided into four subsections. The first subsection is a delineation of com-munication center functions required for the preparation, transmission and backroutingof outgoing Naval messages. It is an exhaustive delineation of all functions, not just thosethat are candidates for automation. As such it provides a standard gauge by which to judgethe effects of various media and methods of automation on the message preparation processpresently in use. In other words, when automating a particular communications centerfunction, the medium used (be it electronic, magnetic or visual) will affect not only theautomation of that function, but also the automation of other functions and the operationof functions not being automated. Thus, the effect of each automation candidate and itsmedium upon all communications center functions, needs to be considered when evaluat-ing it against other candidates, whether or not they are automated, for automation andother media.
The second subsection considers each function defined here and discusses each withrespect to whether it is a cost effective candidate for automation using available technology.This involves examining th,- ':'cct of various media upon the automation of each functionas well as various methods for automating the function. lach function is SttuQ ied to deter-mine if it is really necessary in an automated environment or if it could be haindled auto-matically or eliminated altogether by the automation ol another function. A. d cussedpreviously, the effect must be considered on the entire conllunication center o4pcrationof automating a particular function, not only from the aspect of making it eas,.r or harderto prepare, transmit and backroute messages. but also making certain that scc-ti . prece-dence, routing and formatting requirements can be satisfied without serious inyipa, I Anyevaluation of the impact on a communications center as a result of automating (,Iit' fr 'ii)re
of its functions has to include the personnel impact as well as the operational impact.Ideally, automation of a function should reduce not only personnel requirements but also
35
skill level of personnel required. In most instances the former is mii uch easier to attainthan the latter due to the inherent complexity of automated eqUipment. A major thrustof tile development of ally automated message preparation system should be to make theequipment as foolproof as possible with a tutorial eqlipmenlt operation mode t'or trainingpurposes. This can increase development cost significantly, but will pay off in improvedoperator training and in easier acceptance of' the system by the operational colmunity.
The third subsection is concerned with candidate automated message preparationsystems to handle the various message media and with different levels of capability. Themedia considered are electrical (e.g., remote terminals), magnetic (e.g.. card, disk, tape) andvisual (e.g., typewritten page). Each of these media has inherent advantages and disadvan-tages when viewed in conjunction with the automation of communications center functions.The levels of capability will refer to tile set of functions to be performed automatically b\the system. The lowest level of capability consists of automating those functions deemedto be the most cost effective candidates for automation. The highest level of capabilityincludes automating all those functions deemed to be reasonable candidates. A system ofthe low level would be suited to a small ship with a relatively low volume of outgoingmessage activity, while a high capability system would be useful on a large ship with ahigh volume of outgoing traffic.
The fourth subsection discusses the conclusions of this study task and makes recom-mendations as to further system design and development.
MESSAGE PREPARATION FUNCTIONS
This section discusses the functions performed in the typical communicationscenter for the preparation, transmission and backrouting of an outgoing Naval message. Themessage preparation functions are listed in Table 5. The other half of communicationscenter functions, the receipt and distribution of messages from external systems. is notwithin the scope of this report.
Accept Message
The first message processing function performed by the communications center is toaccept the message for external delivery. The message is brought to the communicationscenter message delivery window by pneumatic tubes, messenger or courier where it ischecked for precedence and valid release authority and then logged. Additional checks areperformed for completeness, security, legibility, authenticity, etc., before the message isfiled by precedence in the preparation queues. If it cannot be prepared as drafted, coordin-ation with the originator is required to resolve the problem.
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Table 5. Message preparation functions.
Automated message preparation
A. Accept message for external delivery via message delivery window (messengeror courier)
1. Observe message precedence and handle according to established procedures
2. Log receipt time of messagc
3. Verify valid release authority
4. Check message for completeness, security, legibility, authenticity, etc.
B. Prepare message for transmission
I. Assign DTG
2. Log DTG assigned (ensure DTGs are unique)
3. Validate message form parameters
a. Action precedence
b. Information precedence
c. Classification
d. From line
e. Addressees
I. Text
4. Determine security and special handling requirements (falls out of the normalflow of traffic; includes such things as off-line encryption)
5. Determine format and delivery circuit
6. Assign routing indicators
7. Pipare message in corect format and LMF for transmission
a. Narrative (normally paper tape)
b. Data pattern (normally card or magnetic tape)
8. Proofread message
9. Correct message
10. Proofread and correct message until it is determined to be correct
I1. Place message in proper outgoing queue by precedence
C. Enter message into transmission system
I. Retrieve message from outgoing queue (FIFO by precedence)
2. Transmit message over proper delivery circuit
3. Obtain acknowledgement for message
4. Log transmission or cancellation time of message
D. Backroute message
I. Determine recipients
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Table 5. Continued.
D. Backroute message (Continued)
2. Prepare message for deliver),
a. Duplicate appropriate number ot copies
b. Collate and staple copies
c. Slot message copies
3. Deliver message via pneumatic tubes or messenger (communication centeror department)
E. File message
1. Store proof of transmission hardcopy and paper tape of message
2. File message by originator, DTG, SSN, TOF. CSN. etc.
a. Short term fiie
b. h)ng term file
11 Ancillary
A. Maintain message files
1. Maintain files based on originator, DTG, SSN, TOF, CSN, etc.
2. Provide hardcopy and/or paper tape of message on request
B. Respond to service messages and customer requests
I. Determine action required
a. Correct message in tile
b. Readdress message
c. Customer request for additional copy of a filed message
d. Request for retransmission of missing channel number of incomplete,misrouted or missent message
2. Take action requested
a. Retrieve required message(s) from file(s)
b. Correct referenced message and redistribute
c. Prepare new heading, treat as new outgoing message
d. Reproduce and distribute additional c py
e. Ascertain validity of missing/incomplete message
3. Prepare service message reply, if required
a. Obtain release authority
b. Enter message into transmission system
c. File message
C. Maintain communications center statistics and generate reports
D. Destroy surplus classified material
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Prepare Message for Transmission
The message preparation process begins with the assignment of the date-t ime-groupDTG . DTGs must be logged and verified to be unique. The message form parameters are
then validated. This includes the action and information precedences, classification. fromline, addressees and text. Examples of problems that can occur here are: infornationprecedence higher than action precedence, invalid classification, improper use of prosignsin the addressees and the text classification not agreeing with the stated message classifica-tion. Any problems here must be resolved by the drafter. After the form parameters arevalidated, the format and delivery circuit must be determined. This may depend on securityand special handling requirements, such as off-line encryption. All routing indicators mustbe assigned and validated with respect to the message classification to ensure against securitymismatches. At this point, the message is ready for preparation in the proper format andlanguage media format ([.MF) for transmission. Here the message could be narrative, whichis normally prepared on paper tape, or data pattern, which is normally prepared on punchedcard or magnetic tape. Usually the message is prepared at a teletypewriter and sent to aproofreader for verification. If the message is not correct, it is sent back to a teletypewriteroperator for correction. This process of proofread and correct can go to several iterationsbefore a correct message copy is produced. The message then is placed in the proper out-going queue for transmission by precedence.
Transmit Message
Entering the message into the transmission system involves retrieving it from theoutgoing queue. The queues are set up by precedence and the highest precedence messageis retrieved first. Within a precedence queue, the messages are retrieved first-in-first-out(FIFO). Each message is transmitted over the proper delivery circuit, normally a HF orsatellite relay radio link. A positive acknowledgement must be received for each messagetransmitted and channel sequence numbers (CSNs) must be updated. After transmission.the transmission or cancellation time must be recorded for message accountability.
Backroute Message
Backrouting of the message after transmission is an important function of thecommunications center. The drafter always wants proof that the message sent is trans-mitted and wants a copy of it as transmitted for the drafter's files. Also, messages arenormally identified by the DTG assigned by the communications center and the draftermust be given this information. The recipients of a backrouted copy must be determinedand an appropriate number of copies duplicated, collated, stapled and slotted for deliveryvia pneumatic tubes, messenger or courier.
File Message
In addition to backrouting, a proof of transmission hard copy and paper tape ofeach message must be filed for later use. These copies would be used later if a message wasrequired to be transmitted or addressed. The messages are filed by originator, DTG, stationserial number (SSN), time of file (TOF), and/or channel sequence number (CSN). Normally.
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two message files are used, a short term file and long term file. The short term file generallycontains only those messages transmitted during the previous 30 days: the long term filemay hold a message copy for a year or more.
Perform Ancillary Functions
In addition to the normal functions of message acceptance, preparation, trans-mission, backrouting and filing, a ship's communications center typically performs otherfunctions. These ancillary functions are to maintain message files, respond to servicemessages and customer requests, maintain communication center statistics and generatereports and destroy surplus classified material.
File Maintenance
Both short term and long term message files must be maintained and updatedperiodically to eliminate old messages from the long term file and to transfer out of datemessages from the short to the long term file. Communications center personnel must beable to retrieve messages from either short or long term files based on sonic combinationof important message parameters such as originator, DTG, SSN, TOF, CSN, etc. Retrievedmessages are usually provided in the form of a proof-of-transmission hardcopy and/or theactual paper tape of the message entered into the transmission system.
Customer Requests
A ship's communications center must respond to service messages and customerrequests. Requests may be made to correct a message in the file, readdress a message,provide an additional copy of a message or to retransmit a missing, incomplete. inisrouted ormissent message. The communications center responds first by retrieving the requiredmessage from the file and then by performing the actions requested. The action performedmay be to correct and redistribute the referenced message: prepare a new heading and treatas a new outgoing message, if a message is being readdressed, reproduce and distribute anadditional copy: or ascertain the validity of a missing/incomplete message. Also, it nlay benecessary to generate a service message reply. If so, it must be handled and processed as anormal message including obtaining a proper release authority.
Record Keeping and Reporting
For accountability purposes, message statistics are maintained by the communica-tions center. These statistics are used in generating offship reports or messages and include,at a minimum, the total number of messages transmitted, the total number of messagescancelled or rejected, the existence of any large outgoing queues and the loss of any process-ing capability. More detailed statistics may be maintained for on-ship reports. Thesereports are used for historical and statistical analysis purposes. On-ship reports typicallyinclude measurement of system throughput performance and a statistical -precedence, classification and length as related to circuit, throughput times and accuracy.
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File Destruction
Destruction of surplus classified material in a conmunications center is an importantand necessary function. The long term meSSag'e file is usuadly puirgd annually to nake room
for more recent messages. Excess hard copies and paper tape copies are somIetimes generatedduring the message preparation process. All of this classified paper material, as %%ell as theother forms of classified material such as punched cards, magnetic media 'electronics andtypewriter ribbons, must be properly destroyed.
NAVAL MESSAGE PREPARATION FUNCTIONS ANALYSIS
Each function delineated in the preceding section is discussed here in the context ofits suitability for automation and the effect of different automation methods and mediaupon the ability of the communications center to perform the function. Each function isdiscussed also in the context of the automation of other areas and the effect of the mediaon performing the function if it is not automated. The intention here is to determine akernel set of functions, which can be automated for various media at a minimal cost. Thesefunctions should be automated in any message preparation system developed for the fleet.A system designed to perform this set of functions would be suitable for a small to mediumsize ship with a moderate outgoing message traffic load and would have a high performance/cost ratio. As more functions are added to the kernel set, more capability is required of thesupporting automated system, and the cost and complexity rises. At a certain point, addingadditional functions causes a rapid increase in cost and complexity with relatively littleincrease (or perhaps a decrease) in operational capability. After the kernel set is determined,additional sets of functions of higher cost/performance ratios can be specified. Systems toperform these additional functions automatically, in addition to those of the kernel set,could be justified only on ships with heavy loads of outgoing traffic. Automation of func-tions usually results in previously unrealizable added benefits at little or no additional cost.During this analysis, added capabilities will be discussed that do not exist in the presentmanual system.
Message Acceptance
The acceptance of a message by the communications center for external delivery isa function that can not be automated easily. It is possible to automate various subfunctionsdepending on the media chosen. The primary subfunction or steps considered here are thelogging, verification of release authority, special handling for precedence and the check ofthe message for validity. The analysis will discuss each media candidate with respect to eachof these steps.
Magnetic Card Media
The use of magnetic cards as message input media does allow some limited automa-tion of the message acceptance process, but complicates tlw.Orn..s.somtwhat. Asume weuse a magnetic card holding up to 50 lines of text, generated by a separate compositionsystem centrally located or located in several of the ship's areas. The cost, of course, ofmultiple sophisticated magnetic card message composition stations for a single ship wouldbe significant.
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Acceptance of the message by tile Communications center would be complicated bythe fact that tile magnetic card is not visually readable and any long message would rCqLiremore than one card. If the cards are to be reused, the drafter would be restricted from
writing on the card with a pen or pencil to identify it. If the cards are not to be rCuscd.their cost (estimated at SI each) would be prohibitive. Thus. either a paper copy of themessage would have to accompany the magnetic card(s) to the communications center. orat each stage where the message must be visually inspected, a magnetic card reading stationwould have to be provided with a display and/or printer for output. The use of a papercopy of the message attached to the magnetic cards by some method would raise the possi-
bility of mismatching page copies with magnetic copies either at the composition station orat the communications center. At a busy communications center handling hundreds ofmessages a day, this could be a significant problem, especially at times of peak loadingswhen 200 or more messages may be received in an hour. This would be compounded by amessage that may require two or more cards. If the second card of a message is misplaced,verifying which one of the several hundred in the communications center is the right onewould be a time consuming task as they are not readable visually. This problem of message
accountability is a problem common to all magnetic media (card. tape cassette, disk).Special procedures and equipment would be required within any coniniunications center
using magnetic media as the prime message input media.
A device could be placed at the message delivery window to log the message, verifyits release authority and sort it according to precedence. The logging could be done on thecard magnetically, on a separate medium, or both. Verifying the releasing authority wouldhave to be done by assigning each releaser code to be placed magnetically on the messagecard. This would require the releaser to have his own card reader/writer terminal where allmessages would have to be reviewed. Security procedures. to ensure that only the releaserwould be able to encode the release authority on the card, would have to be formulated and
implemented. Sorting the messages according to the precedence could be done easily by areading station at the message window, but this is not a significant problem in the present
manual system.
It would be very difficult to automate using magnetic cards or any other media tocheck the message for completeness, security, legibility, authenticity, etc. This is onefunction that requires a human to inspect the message visually. The use of magnetic cardswould complicate the performance of the function by communications center personnelbecause a read station is required to verify the contents of the card. Since there is no
guarantee that identifying information written on the label of a magnetic card agrees with
the data written magnetically on the card, either this condition is going to have to beaccepted as a risk that will have to be taken, or reading stations will have to verify thecontents of message cards at various stages. This is a particular problem when verifyinga valid release authority if this is not done by a magnetic code. To be reused, the card mustbe large enough for several signatures or have labels that can be peeled off. Neither of thesesolutions will provide the same level of accountability as the present manual system witheach typewritten page used and signed only once.
Another problem with magnetic cards is that they are relatively fragile compared tothe page copy presently used in the message preparation process. Magnetic cards do notrespond well to bending, folding, spindling, scratching or other forms of mutilation that are
not uncommon. When a card is rendered unreadable, this necessitates a fallback to the page
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copy for a retype. [his would require a compositiob lation in the communications centerto redraft the message. I his redraft is not presently I. jUired and \would detract froit theadvantages of automated message preparation.
Magnetic Tape Media
The magnetic tape media availahle :ire the cartridge, mini-cartridge, cassette andmini-cassette. All have sufficient storage capacity for any anticipated message and differprimarily in size and cost (estimated at S7 to Sl 0 each). Due to their cost. they must bereused and thus they share the disadvantages of the magnetic card with respect to account-ability. They ,.,o are bulkier. Reusing the magnetic media will require security proceduresto be established and implemented to ensure no classific data are suibject to compromise.
The magnetic tape media also are not visually readable and thus would requiremultiple read stations in the communications center to verify their contents. Magnetictapes are not as fragile as magnetic cards, but would still require special handling bothinside and outside of the communications center.
The primary advantage of magnetic media is that they are easily read by electro-mechanical means. By the use of checksums, keying schenic, mid redundancy checks, theintegrity of data can be checked easily. Thus there is little possibility of any unintentionalchanges being made to a message after it has been released. Using magnetically coded releaseauthority, changes to a message can be effectively prohibited after its release. Unless thereis a failure in the reading equipment, the drafter can be assured that exactly what was codedon the tape will be transmitted. Die to the fact that humans now do the vast majority ofships message preparation, the present system always admits the possibility of unintention-ally changing a word or phrase in a message that could Nignificantly alter its interpretationby the recipient. This problem can be effectively eliminated through automation.
Visual Media (Typewritten Page)
The typewritten page (DD-173 or equivalent) is the medium presently used forshipboard message preparation. Automation using page copies would require the use ofan optical character reader (O(R). These devic- presently have wide use in banks, pub-lishing companies, newspapers, etc., as well as in shore based communications centers.OCRs require the use of special OCR typewriter fonts that are presently available only onelectrical typewriters.
The use of page media would have no effect on the present communications centerfunction of accepting the message for external delivery as they are the present media used.Automatically logging the receipt time of a message could be done using OCRs, but wouldrequire an extra reader at the message delivery window and is not likely to be worth the cost.
Electrical Media
Message delivery to the communications center via electronic means would allowthe same level of automation as magnetic media. This assumes the use of multiple intelli-gent terminals at various locations on a ship. Their cost alone would preclude their use onany but the largest and most sophisticated ships where they could be used as part of alarger integrated ships command and control or management information system.
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Electronic delivery would certainly speed the delivery of a message to the conmmn-ications center. However, it would require security procedures to encode the valid releaseauthority on the message. The TEMPEST considerations of having these terminals generatetop secret or secret messages and transfer them to the communications center elect ronicallycould make the cost of these prohibitive on any ship. This approach would have by far thegreatest impact upon existing ships procedures and require extensive training of ships per-sonnel to use the intelligent terminals effectively.
Conclusions
The functional area of the communications center that accepts messages is not anarea ripe for automation. ,A1s mentioned previously, the use of magnetic or electronic mediawould complicate the acceptance process by requiring new security procedures to verify avalid release authority. Automating the acceptance function does not appear to be costeffective and any automation of other functions should strive to impact on this functionas little as possible.
Message Preparation
The function area where the media information is converted into a format that canbe transferred to existing transmission systems to be sent to external addresses can benefitgreatly from automation. Here the medium is either visual, magnetic or electrical and theinformation is formatted into either JANAP 128, ACP 127 or ACP 126 (modified). It istransferred electrically to a transmission system (e.g., NAVMACS) or transferred to papertape for delivery over existing transmission facilities.
The message preparation is relatively unaffected by the message media chosen.The first step would be to convert the message into binary data via some sort of reader or
input device. Thus the main media consideration for this function is how reliably and easilymay they be converted into binary electrical data. If the media are electronic, they are alreadyin the proper form. Magnetic media are easily converted into binary electrical data. Thisconversion can be made quite reliable through redundancy and data checks, and keys canbe encoded to ensure data integrity. Visual media in the form of a typewritten page can beread reliably using the proper typewriter font and an OCR. Using conventional typewriters,checksums and other such datachecks is not easy to do on an OCR. There is little possibil-ity of an OCR matching the levels of data integrity that can be achieved using magnetic orelectrical media. Normally, OCR errors are either rejects or substitutions. Rejects must becorrected by the operator, whereas substitutions are not detectable. Substitutions are,however, only character errors, not word or phrase errors. OCRs are now reliable enough tohave specifications of no more than one substitution in 1,000,000 characters. This is muchbetter than the present combination of manual preparation and message transmission viaradio. Taken in this context, substitutions are not considered to be a serious problem.
Using intelligent typewriters for message generation, an OCR could closely approachthe data integrity of magnetic readers. To do this the typewriter would calculate and placea line checksum character in one of the margins. This could be done at the time the finalclean copy is produced. This would solve the substitution problem but would defeat amajor advantage of OCRs over magnetic media: The OCRs require no new sophisticatedequipment outside of the communications center, while magnetic or electrical media bothrequire expensive terminals at various locations on each ship.
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The steps for the message preparation function that could be automated in the
communications center are:
1. Assign and log unique DTG
2. Validate message form parameters (e.g., precedence, classification, originator.addressees, text)
3. Determine format and delivery circuit
4. Assign routing indicators as needed
5. Prepare message in correct format and LMF
6. Place message in proper outgoing queue by precedence (on-line interface only)
An automated message preparation system proposed for shipboard use should beable to perform these steps to at least a limited degree, as they are well suited to automation.A major advantage in automating these steps is that automation eliminates the manualprepare (reformat/retype), proofread and correct steps of the present method. These stepsare the most time consuming and require the most personnel training, as well as being veryfertile areas for errors.
Message Backrouting
The automation of the message backrouting function can be done on a fully auto-mated message processing system where it can be combined with, the routing of incomingmessages. Automating this function would be possible only on large ships where such anexpensive system can be justified. Such a system would use electronic media for messagedelivery to the communications center. This hardware then would exist already for back-routing (i.e., keyboard displays and printers) and it would require only the generation ofcontrol software to automate the backrouting function. The main problem with this typeof system i the cost. The capability provided could be very useful, but it is questionablethat the incremental increase in capability is worth the great increase in cost over lesscostly systems with less capability based on other media.
Magnetic media would allow a form of automated backrouting as the messages couldbe duplicated automatically on cards and manually distributed. Marking the cards forproper delivery would be a problem and would probably require a separate sheet to identifythe recipients. It would reqjire reading stations to be available to everyone receiving abackrouted copy. Having more than one message per magnetic media unit (card, tape ordisk) would be a problem, so the major advantage of magnetic storage (i.e., data compres-sion) would be largely defeated. Due to this a page copy of the message would be far morepractical for backrouting in this case as it is more compact and easily readable.
Use of OCRs would not affect the backrouting function. so any automatic orsemi-automatic backrouting system presently considered for shipboard use (e.g., messagereproduction and distribution system (MRDIS)) would be compatible with OCRs.
Message Filing
Maintaining outgoing message files is a relatively easy task if an automated messagepreparation system is used. For large systems, the files can be maintained on magnetic disk(30 days traffic). Small to medium size systems would operate best with magnetic tape
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storage. The tradeoff is in the area of cost/performance as disk units are very expensivecompared to tape units, while for the extra money, they delive- much faster performance.Disk units can retrieve messages in milliseconds, while tape units may rCtuire minutes toperform the same task. It is likely that in the future, advanced technologiCs such as bulcmemory will replace all disk and tape units. These technologies will b-, totally electronicwith no moving parts. Presently, they are too expensive for mass storage use, but their costis expected to be competitive within the next ten years. Their primary advantage is minimalspace requirements with almost total reliability.
Customer Requests
The responding to customer requests, whether from tenant or from externalcommands, is a fertile area for semi-automation. Most customer requests require only themanipulation of the data contained in the message file and. therefore, the access of the database is the primary area to be automated.
Requests from external commands normally involve service messages that notify thecommunications center of a communications problem. This involves either the reject of amessage due to a format error or the garbling of a message due to radio interference. Theresponse would be the correction and/or retransmission of the subject message. The use ofan automated message preparation system should practically eliminate message rejects, thusreducing retransmission requirements. Through the use of a keyboard display terminal or anoperator's console on the message preparation system, an operator could recall the messagefrom the message file and either retransmit it via the automatic transmission system oroutput the message on paper tape for delivery via another circuit. The operator also shouldhave the capability to generate short messages at the console. This could be to generateservice messages or high precedence traffic in emergency situations.
Requests from tenant commands are usually for a message copy or to readdress amessage in the communication center files. These could be done automatically or semi-automatically. The readdress request could be prepared on the normal input media andprocessed as a regular message. In this case, the message preparation system would recog-nize the request, search its files and readdress the message as per the request. If the messageis not contained in the files, of course, the operator would have to intervene. Semi-automaticoperation could be done by the operator requesting a papertape copy of the message fromthe message files, preparing a new header via the message preparation system and thensplicing the two together and transmitting the resulting message.
Maintain Statistics
The compilation of message statistics is a time consuming but necessary taskperformed by the communications center. These statistics would include, but not belimited to, the number of:
I. Messages transmitted and received broken down by precedence
2. Line blocks transmitted and received
3. Cancelled messages
4. Rejected messages
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AMI
Using automated message processing, these statistics carl be updated easily on a realtime basis and output on request to an operator's console or printer.
Destroy Surplus Classified Material
There is little possibility that increased automat ion would have a significant bene-ficial impact in this area. As mentioned previousl\., the use of magnetic and electrical in ediaraise serious security problems. All classified data on a piece of magnctic medium, or con-tained in the memory of an intelligent terminal, must not be subject to compromise. Themore intelligent terminals and magnetic media stations there are on a ship, the more of aproblem this becomes.
Message Preparation System Rating Criteria
As can be seen from the preceding sections, the problem of how to best automatethe outgoing message process function is not a simple one. The impact of each facet of thesystem's design on ships' operation needs to be examined and evaluated. Many systemslook very promising in the initial proposal stage but would create hosts of administrativeand operational problems if implemented in their entirety.
The problem of evaluating different system approaches and media boils down todeciding what are the important criteria for differentiating between systems and approaches.During this period of skyrocketing costs and limited defense budgets, total system cost mustbe considered as well as the cost-to-performance ratio. Realistically, the Navy must do abetter job on a severely restricted budget, and cannot afford the luxury of nultimilliondollar high performance message processing systems on every medium to large size ship.Therefore, the primary criterion must be to gain a maximum benefit in decreased writer-to-reader time using a minimum amount of hardware (i.e., money).
The second most important criterion must be the impact of the proposed systemupon the present manual message preparation and transmission system. This covers manyof the hidden costs and benefits of implementing a new system. Ideally, automatingmessage preparation should have no negative impact on ships' operations. The operationalcommunity is reluctant to change procedures in any way that may shift burdens from onedepartment to another. Thus, systems that impact the least must be considered moredesirable than those with heavy impact.
Another criterion is to have a system that is easily developed. This involves thehardware, software, documentation and training courses required for a particular system.This, of course, is related to the cost and impact discussed above, but the primary emphasishere is on the risk and size of the project. The risk factor in a project generally rises fasterthan the project's relative magnitude and depends on how much of the project requires devel-oping new hardware or software that has no close analogy in existing systems. A messagepreparation system development could be structured to be a low risk effort.
MESSAGE PREPARATION SYSTEMS
Most of the outgoing message preparation functions discussed previously are candi-dates for automation. Some functions are relatively easy and inexpensive to automate andprovide a very significant improvement in communications center efficiency (i.e., reducedmessage preparation time, errors and personnel/skill levels). Other functions are relativelyI
47
IA
more difficult and expensive to automate and would be justified only for very large ships.Eventually, a point is reached where automation of some functions is no longer cost effec-tive and provides little improvement in overall communications center efficienc. This isparticularly true of those functions required in the processing of less than fix percent ofthe total number of outgoing messages.
AMPS Functional Capabilities
Four levels of increasing capabilities, cost and complexitN for an automated messagepreparation s, stem (AMPS) are discussed next. Succeeding levels contain the same auto-mated functions as earlier ones, as well as additional new functiOnS. lIardare con figura-
tions and extiniated hardware/software costs are listed for each medium type within eachAMPS level. The media types considered are magnetic (e.g.. card. tape, disk), visual (e.g..tvpewritten page) and electrical (e.g., remote dumb or smart terminal).
AMPS I
AMPS I is defined as the basic outgoing message preparation system. It automatesthose functions within a communications center which require the most personnel and arecharacterized as being the most time consuming and prone to human error. In particular,it automates the preparation of a message for transmission. Other outgoing message process-ing functions are accomplished manually, semi-automatically or by systems such as the navalmodular automated communications system (NAVMACS) or the message reproduction anddi'sribution system (M RDIS).
The capabilities required of an AMPS I are:
I. Input messages:
* Automatically read a DD-173 (or equivalent) formatted message via amagnetic media reader (card, tape, disk) or OCR (Typed DD-1 73).
* Automatically read a paper/mylar tape message prepared in DD-l173 (orequivalent) format and coded in either ASCII or ITA#2. This is intendedprimarily for a fallback mode of operation.
* Accept multipage messages of less than seven pages prepared in DD-173(or equivalent) format on the keyboard display terminal (KDT). This isintended primarily for high precedence traffic in emergency situations oras a fallback mode of operation. The main function of the KDT is to serveas the operator's console. I
* Accept multipage messages of less than seven pages prepared in DD-173(or equivalent) format on a remote KDT. The function of the KDT is toserve as a remote terminal for message composition, review, release and Idelivery of high precedence traffic from a secure space.
2. Automatically check/validate header and classification information input inI above. When validation errors are detected, an indication is displayed to the operatorand controls are provided for manual correction when authorized. 1
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3. Automatically assign the date-time-group I)T( I station serial number (SSNand/or time of file (TOE), or accommodate manual assignment via the KDT as selected b\the operator. lIhsure automatically assigned DTGs are unique.
4. Automatically format the data resulting from I , 2 and 3 above into A( 120modified plaindress or abbreviated plaindress message format as selected IN the operator.
5. Automatically output the formatted message:
* Electrically over a cable to NAVMACS
" On paper/mylai tape from the paper tape punch (PTP) in either lTA=2or ASCII codes.
6. At the option of the operator, the message being processed is listed on theline printer (LP) for a proof-of-transmission copy and/or a journal record of importantmessage parameters is listed for accountability and logging of message traffic.
7. Automatically compile message statistics indicating numbers of messagesprocessed by precedence and classification and number of messages cancelled or rejected.Output these statistics to the LP when requested by the operator.
8. Permit editing of header line information via the KDT upon request.
9. If an OCR is the primary message input device, permit automatic editing of atyped DD-173 message form on a line group basis through use of a typed DD-173 correctionpage.
10. Provide query/response interaction with the operator. The KDT displaysinstructional messages identifying key selectable options.
11. Provide both on-line and off-line system self-test features to aid in faultisolation.
12. Semi-automatically section the message in accordance with the selectedmessage format.
AMPS II
AMPS 1I is the most cost effective level of the four levels of capabilities beingconsidered. In addition to the capabilities of an AMPS I, AMPS 11 automates routingindicator (RI) assignment for plain language addresses (PLA) and address indicator groups(AIG). message filing and retrieval functions, and formatting of JANAP 128. ACP 127 andACP 126 messages.
Specifically, AMPS I1 has the following additional capabilities:
I. Automatically check/validate addressee and classification information con-tained in the input format. When validation errors are detected, an indication is displayedto the operator and controls are provided for manual correction when authorized.
2. Automatically assign a RI to each PLA according to the security classiiicationlevel and the format of the message. Inhibit RI assignment for PLAs designated to beserviced by mail or courier. Provide the operator with the capability to correct a misspelledPLA via the KDT.
1I 49
3. Automatically assign the required Rls to a Im inimum of 5 AlGs.
4. As selected by the operator, automatically format the input message data intoeither plaindress or abbreviated plaindress for one of the following message formats:
" JANAP 128
" ACP 127
" ACP 126
5. Automatically create a history file containing a complete copy of all messagestransferred to NAVMACS and/or PTP as well as a journal file for accountability and lr,-gingof message traffic. The history file and tile journal file should be maintained as separatestorage files.
6. Provide non volatile file storage for a minimum of 200 50-character PLAs. eachof which may have two 7-character Rls (primary and security alternate) along with a secu-rity indicator for each RI.
7. Provide non volatile file storage for a minimum of five 50-character AIGs andassociated RI lists. A RI list for an AIG may contain up to 500 Rls. Storage for a minimumof 500 seven-character Rls is required.
8. Load or update (operator selectable) the PLA/RI and/or AIG/RI data soUrce
file from the paper tape reader (PTR) or KDT in an off-line mode.
9. On request. output the PLA/RI and/or AIG/RI file:
* To the LP in alphabetical order
* To the PTP (either ASCII or ITA#2) in a format suitable for loading the datasource files as specified in 8 above.
10. Provide off-line message retrieval from the history file and output the retrievedmessage to the LP and/or PTP as requested. Messages are retrieved based on any one or anycombination of DTG, SSN and TOF.
1 1. Provide off-line retrieval from the journal file to obtain a hardcopy printout ofan entire day's log.
12. Provide the capability to add, where authorized, message handling instructionsto the message header format lines.
AMPS III
The capabilities of AMPS III are essentially the same as the outgoing message process-ing capabilities of NAVMACS V4 with MRDIS. AMPS III has the capabilities given below inaddition to those previously listed for AMPS I and AMPS 11:
I. Automatically read a DD-1 73 (or equivalent) formatted message via a punchedcard reader or a magnetic media reader (input device may be remotely located).
2. Accept multipage messages of any length prepared in DD-1 73 (or equivalent)format from an additional local KDT (not the operator's console).
3. Ensure all assigned DTGs are unique. including those assigned manually by tilesystem operator and those appearing on the message input media.
50
4. Automatically assign a RI to each PLA according to the LMF of the message
and the delivery circuit required for transmission.
5. Automatically segment the message in accordance with the selected messagetormat.
6. Automatically section the message in accordance with the selected mes geformat.
7. Automatically add message handling instructions to the message header formatlines based on the routing information contained in the PLA/RI and AI( 'RI files.
8. Automatically convert the input message data into ACP 126 modified orJANAP 128 data pattern format upon request.
9. Automatically determine format and delivery circuit and place the formattedmessage in the proper outgoing queue by precedence.
10. Automatically retrieve the formatted message from the outgoing queue (first-in-first-out (FIFO) by precedence) and transmit over the proper delivery circuit. Obtainacknowledgement for the message and log the transmission or cancellation time.
11. Provide the capability for modifying and automatically retransmitting amessage contained in the history file.
12. Provide the capability for automatically readdressing a message containedin the history file.
13. Retrieve messages from the history file based on any one or any combination ofDTG, SSN, TOF and originator's PLA.
14. Automatically compile detailed message statistics for the purpose of auto-matically generating on-ship and off-ship communications reports or messages.
15. Using the input message data, automatically fill in the blanks of preformattedmessages. Provide non volatile storage for a minimum of 50 canned messages with anaverage length of 1500 characters. Generation/maintenance of the canned messages isperformed from the additional local KDT.
16. Automatically determine recipients of backrouted message from the inputmessage form.
17. Automatically prepare copies of messages to be backrouted. This includesduplicating the appropriate number of copies and collating, stapling and slotting themessage copies.
AMPS IV
Basically AMPS IV has the same outgoing message processing capabilities as theNAVMACS V5 with MRDIS or the message processing and distribution system (MPDS).AMPS IV utilizes remotely located, networked KDTs for the message composition, staffing.releasing and delivery functions. It also uses remote LPs for electronic delivery of messagesbeing backrouted.
AMPS IV has the following capabilities in addition to the capabilities of AMPS 1,AMPS I AND AMPS II:
51
1 Accept nultrpage messages of any Ient h prepared in DD-I I3 (or Cqivalent)to rmat froin:
" Two local KI)Ts
" FI-ight (maxinunl) remote Kl)Ts
Besides composition of narrative and pro forma messages. the remote KI)]E akomay be used for message staffing, releasing and delivery function and for requnesting addi-tional copies of messages contained in the history file.
2. Automatically accept messages for external dCliver that are gecnerated atremote KDTs. This includes observing message precedence and handling accordi ng 1oestablished procedures. checking to ensure that the message has been properl. staffed.checking for a valid release authority and logging the receipt time of the messagc at thecomll nications center.
3. Automatically distribute/deliver backrouted rnessagc copies and rCq uestcdmessage file copies to the proper remote LPs (13 LPs maximum .
4. Provide the required security safeguards to ensure that remote KIlik and lPsare cleared to handle classified messages and to ensure that on1l authorized personnel vicwr
a message.
AMPS Cost Comparisons
Table 6 lists the general types of equ i ipmuent used in an ANlPS along vi ith the nomen-clature of equipment approved for service use and the estimated cost of the equipment.For comparison purposes, Tables 7 through 10 list the hardware conlfiL'urations aridestimated hardware and software costs for each media type within each of the four AMPSlevels. Only equipment costs and software development and documentation. costs areshown. Since system costs incurred outside as well as inside the com unllications center aredependent on the media chosen, the costs for message cornposition stations are shown also.Costs for detailed system design, assembly, installation, documentation, OPEVAL, mainte-nance. support, training, etc., are unknown. It should be noted that thes" costs increaseexponentially as system complexity increases.
The estimates presented in this section do not compromise a proposal. Instead,they are meant to serve only as a basis for comparing the relative complexities of tiledifferent AMPS levels and the impact of the media used. Due to the increased systenicomplexity brought about by using electrical media, costs for electrical media are not shownexcept in AMPS IV. Using magnetic or visual media in AMPS IV essentially reduces it to anAMPS III level of capability.
52
Table 6. AMPS equipment list.
Equipment Type (haractelist ics Nomiencla ruT Cost
Central processing Sitcomiputer with 64K of ROM, S 30Kunit (CPU) RAM mecmory o input output
(1 0) ports.
CPU 16-hit computer w~ithi 04K 01 ROM AN AY'K-1I4( V W0KRAM miemory and -7 1 () ports
(PLU 32-hit computer with 1 28K of core AN, 'YK-P 550Kmnemoryaiid I 1.0 controller
CPU 32-hit computer with 208K of core AN UYK-7 865Kinemnory and 2 1/0 conitrorllers
Key board display ANJUSQ-6'- 16Kterminal (KDT)
Paper tape reader RI)-397/U 17Kpunch (PTR/R)
Line printer (LP) TT-624(V)/UG( 23 K
Cartridge magnretic Contains four cartridge drives AN/U]Sfl-2-6(V) 23Ktape unit (CMTUi)
Magnetic tape unit 120 inches per second; four reel-to- RD)-358 125K(MT[J) rel tape drives
Magnetic disk unit Contains four drives RD-2-81I/IJYK 400K(,M )U)
Punched card reader 20K(PC R)
Optical character 50Kreader (OCR)
Magnetic media message Smart terminal with keyboard. 66Kverification terminal display, magnetic media device,(MMMVT) CPU and validation software
Electrical mtedia message Dumb terminal with keyborard and AN/USQ-69 16Kverification terminal display ; used only with AMPS IV(LMMVT) due to complexity of using
electrical media
53
Table 6. Continued.
Equipment Characteristics Nomenclat ure Cost
Magnetic media message Smart terminal with keyboard. S 894Kcomposition terminal display, printer, magnetic media(MMMCT) device, CPU and editing and release
authority control software
Visual media message Electric typewriter with 10 and 12 Selectric !1 1Kcomposition terminal character pitch, OCR-B font and(VMMCT) once-only polyethylene ribbon
Electrical media message Dumb terminal with keyboard, AN, USQ.-o) 39Kcomposition terminal display and line printer; used only TT-624(V)/L;G([MMCT) with AMPS IV due to complexity
of using electrical media
Magnetic media reader 20K(MMR)
Message reproduction 125Kand distribution system(MRDIS)
5I
54 I
Table 7. AMPS I hardware and software costs.
MAGNETIC VISUAL ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT TYPE-, NOMENCLATURE MLDIA MEDIA MEDIA
AND UNIT COST QTY COST QTY COST QTY (ST
CPU. $30K I S 30K I S 30K
CPU. AN/AYK-14(V)
CPU. AN/UYK-7, S550K
CPU, AN/UYK-7, S865K
KDT. AN/USQ-69, S16K 2 32K 2 32K
PTR/P. RD-397/U, $17K 1 17K I 17K
LP, TT-624(V)/UG, S23K 1 23K I 23K
CMTU, AN/USH-26(V), $23K
MTU. RD-358, S125K
MDU. RD-281/UYK, $400K
PCR, $20K
OCR, $50K I 50K
MMMVT, S66K 1 66K
EMMVT, AN/USQ-69, S16K
MMMCT, S89K 2 178K
VMMCT, SELECTRIC II, $1K 4 4K
AN/USQ-69, EMMCT, TT-624(V)/UG. S39K
MMR. S20K I 20K
MRDIS, $125K
COST SUMMARIES
BASIC SYSTEM HARDWARE 366K 156K
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTAND DOCUMENTATION 200K 200K
SYSTEM DESIGN * *
SYSTEM ASSEMBLY * *
SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND TESTING * *
SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION * *
SYSTEM INSTALLATION * *
LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT * *
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COSTS 566K 356K
*Unknown
155
Table 8. AMIPS I1 hardyw are and software costs.
MAGNETIC VISUAL I I-tCTRICAL[
LQUIPNINT TYPE. NOMENCLATURE MEDIA MEDIA MII)IA
ANI) UNIT (ST QTY COST QTY COST QTY COST
CPU. S30K
CPU, AN/AYK-14(V) I S 60K 1 S 60K
CPU. AN,'UYK-7. S550KCPU, AN/UYK-7. S '-,iK
KDT. AN/USQ-(,. SIK 2 32K 2 32K
PTR/P, RD-397,'. SI7K 1 17K 1 17K
LP. TT-624(V)iUG. S23K 1 23K 1 23K
CMTU. AN/USII-26(V). S23K 1 23K 1 23K
MTU. RD-358. S125K
MDU. RD-281/UYK. S400K
PCR. S20K
OCR. S50K I 50K
MMMVT. S66K 1 66K
EMMVT, AN/USQ-69. S16K
MMMCT, S89K 3 267K
VMMCT, SELECTRIC I1. SIK 6 6K
AN/USQ-69, LMMCT. TT-624(V)UG, S39K
MMR, S20K 1 20K
MRDIS, S125K
COST SUMMARIES
BASIC SYSTEM HARDWARE 508K 211K
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTAND DOCUMENTATION 400K 400K
SYSTEM DESIGN * *
SYSTEM ASSEMBLY * *
SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND TESTING * *
SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION * *
SYSTEM INSTALLATION * *
LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT * *
IIARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COSTS 908K 611 K
*Unknown
56
*1i
Table 9. AMIPS III hardware and sottware costs.
\MA(,NET-IC VISUAL ILLCTRICAL
EQUIPMENT TYPLI. NOMENCLATURE M 1: DIA MEDIA MEIDIA
AND U NIT COST QTY' COST QTY COST QTY (C0S1
('PU. S30K
C'PUAN/AYK-I 4(V)
CP3U. AN/UYK-7. S550K I S 550K I S 550K
CPU, AN/UYK-7, S865K
KDT. AN/USQ-69, S I6K 3 48K 3 48K
PTR/P. RD-397/U. S I7K I 17K I 17K
LP, TT-624(V)/UJG, S23K I 23K 1I 3
CMTU. AN/US[I-26(V). S23K
MTU. RD-358, SI 25K I 125K I I 25K
M DU. RD-2 81 /UYK. S400K I 400K I 400K
PCR. S20K 1 20K I 0
OCR, S50K 1 50K
MMMVT. S66K 2 132K
EMMVT, AN/USQ-69. S I6K
MMMCT. S89K 6 534K
VMMCT, SELECTRIC 11, SIK 12 12K
AN/USQ-69, EMMCT. TT-62-4(V)IUG, S39K
MMR. $20K 2 40K I 20K
MRDIS. S I25K I 125K 125K
COST SUMMARIES
BASIC SYSTEM HIARDWARE 2014K 1390K
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTAND DOCUMENTATION 1500K I 500K
SYSTEM DESIGN**
SYSTEM ASSEMBLY**
SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND TESTING**
SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION**
SYSTEM INSTALLATION**
LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT**
fIARI)WARF AND SOFTWARE COSTS 3514K 1890K
*Unrkno~wn
57
T-able 10. *A\I PS IV h ardwarc' a nd No It ware costs,.
MAGNETIC VISUAL 1E1,1:CTR ICA L
IQI IPMENT TYPE . NOMENCLATUL MEIAM__1_A_\1 I
AND) UNIT COST QTY COST QTY COST QTY COST
(CPU. SSO0K
C PU,.AN/,AYK-14(V)
CPU. AN/LIYK-7. S550K
(PU, AN/UYK-7. S865K I S 86SK
KI)T. AN/1SQ-o). S16K 3 48K
PTR/P. RD-397/U. S17K I 17K
LP,. TT-624(V),'UG. S23K 6 138K
CMII;. AN/USII-26(V), S213K __
MTU, RD-358. S I25K I 125K
MkDI!. RD-281/UYK. S400K I 400K.
PC R, S2oK I 20K
OCR, S50K
MMM VT. S66K ___
EMMTANUSQ69 S6K2 32K
AN/SQ69,FMCT TT62(V/UG S9K8 312K
1M.S0 20K
COST SUMMARIES
BASIC SYSTEM HARDWARE 1977K
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTAND DOCUMENTATION 3000K
SYSTEM DESIGN*
SYSTEM ASSEMBLY*
SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND TESTING
SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION*
SYSTEM INSTALLATION*
LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT*
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COSTS 4977K
*Unknown
58
!I
MESSAGE PREPARATION SYSTEM EVALUATION
The message preparation system rating criteria gave a basis for evaluating differentsystem and media approaches. This section deals with analyzing each system and nediaapproach with respect to those criteria. For ease of discussion, the performance levels ofmessage preparation systems are discussed separately in the following paragraphs.
AMPS I Evaluation
An AMPS I would be suitable for a ship with low to moderate outgoing messagerequirements although it also could be used effectively on a large ship x ith heavV outgoingmessage loads. It would automate the preparation of ACP 126 (modified ) format messagesfor transmission to NAVCOMPARS. It would have no ACP 126, ACP 127 or JANAP 128capability, nor would it have magnetic storage for history or journal files. The message out-put would be either on paper tape or directly to a transmission system such as NAVMA('S.Even at this capability level, it is expected to handle 80 to 90 percent of the outgoingmessage requirements of its target platform.
Of all the functions involved in generating, staffing and preparing an outgoingmessage for transmission, automation of the message preparation function provides tilegreatest improvement in communications center efficiency and the greatest decrease inwriter-to-reader times. A drastic reduction in message preparation time and errors occurswhen message parameter validation, formatting, tape cutting, proofreading and correcting areeither automated or eliminated. Tape cutting (retyping of the message), proofreading andcorrecting are all redundant steps since these were also done before the message was deliv-ered to the communications center. Another benefit of automatic message preparation isthe reduction of personnel and skill level requirements within tile communications center.Even with these reductions the communications center maintains the capability to handlea large increase in tile number of outgoing messages with no increase and little or no backlogof messages. Operational data documenting the benefits of automatic message preparationare contained in References I and 3.
Performance/Cost
AMPS I, being a relatively moderate performance candidate, must have a corre-spondingly low cost to justify its use. In this case, the magnetic and electrical media basedsystems are at a severe disadvantage because they require expensive remotely locatedmessage preparation terminals. Page media using OCRs can be implemented using low costelectric ty; ewriters. Performancewise, a major advantage of magnetic and electrical mediabased systems is their editing capability. But this capability is not cheap. With the additionof memory to an electric typewriter, the editing capability can be achieved for page mediaat a much lower cost than distributed display terminal or magnetic card/tape/disk terminals.A major advantage of networked smart terminals is their capability for speed-of-lightdelivery. Using one or two remote terminals for the composition and delivery of highprecedence messages becomes cost effective for most ships if all review, approval and releasefunctions are done at the composition terminal and if the terminal is located in securespaces where only authorized personnel are permitted to view classified messages. Essentially,the remote terminal is just another means of inputting messages into AMPS which is locatedin the communications center. A remote terminal used in this manner provides the ship'scommander with a near real-time message generation and delivery capability for recordcommunications.
591
From the standpoint of basic cost, page media is the best choice for AMPS i. Inconjunction with a single remotely located video message composition and entry terminal,it yields a high level of performance at a reasonable cost.
Impact
The impact of systems based on magnetic media upon the present message composi-tion and preparation process would be significant. This mainly is due to the fact that themedia are not readable by humans and require many reading terminals. These terminals mustbe documented and supported. Schools to train maintenance personnel would have to bedeveloped, not only for the message preparation system, but also for the remote messagecomposition and review stations. As discussed in the previous section. security proceduresto deal with the storage and reuse of the magnetic media would have to be formulated andpromulgated. The impact of these could be significant upon ships operations.
Magnetic, electrical and, to a lesser extent, page media would have a beneficialimpact upon the data integrity problems of the present message process. This is due to theinherent machine readability of the media. No human translation is required to change thetypewritten message into an electrical signal for broadcast over a radio or landline. Thus.whatever is typed is going to go out as is, with no chance of an inadvertent human error inpreparing the message.
Page media would have the most beneficial impact upon operator training, as itrequire the simplest equipment suite and the least change in present communicationscenter procedures. The main benefit here would be in the area of reduced need for papertape preparers. For electrical and magnetic media, this would be offset largely by theoperator and maintenance personnel and training required.
Ease of Development
As far as ease of development is concerned, none of the proposed capabilities ofAMPS I would be a technical risk. The technology to implement them exists and is state-of-art. The OCR based system would be easier as it requires less basic hardware for a givenperformance level. A commercial OCR could have to be certified for shipboard use ormilitarized as none exists now. This is also a problem with respect to magnetic media asthe present military inventory of service approved magnetic media units is limited andexpensive.
AMPS 11 Evaluation
An AMPS 11 would be suitable for a medium to large ship with moderate to heavyoutgoing message requirements in a variety of formats. It would handle narrative traffic inACP 126, ACP 126 (modified), ACP 127 and JANAP 128 formats. In excess of 90 percentof the outgoing message requirements could be handled by this type of system with little orno manual intervention. The primary limitations on this level of system are that it does nothandle data pattern traffic nor does it automatically handle messages requiring sectioningor segmenting. These can be handled semi-automatically using minimal manual intervention.
60
Perfonnance/Cost
SMPD 11 is a relatively iigh pert( rilal.C s.stelil t hat Call Still \icld a vcr. higihperformance-to-cost ratio. As in the case vith \MPS I. page mcdia mould be by far tiheleast expensive media to use as the primarl input. \lagncti. and electrical media requireexpensive terminals outside of the corn invinc.atuon, cclter. putting them , at a ,cerc C'otdisadvantage. These media would be cost coimpctitivc it each tcriiillal c lld be procurCdfor S5 K or less. Considering the present cost Of rclativel\ usp)lliitictCd tlliltlliCd A1)Iequipment (e.g., AN/UYK-20 mini-computer, S6OK: AN l+SI1-2, .artridgC 1lgutic tapeunit. S23K" AN/USQ-69 keyboard video displa. . S I OK. etc.). it is htiil.l tluikcl% that all\sophisticated terminal could be procured for less than S30K each. Fhe cost couldl be asmuch as $100K each. Page media require only the electric typewriters currcntl used Onmost ships.
Impact
The impact of this type of system would be inuch the sic aN t()r A*\'S IBeneficial impacts would include drastically reduced message preparatimi time and redU , dpersonnel requirements. Page media would have the least negative impact as th,', requireonly a slight modification of existing procedures. Magnetic and elctric.al edtia WOUld llVea heavy impact as they require a revamping of existing procedurcs. As electrical and muag-netic media require more hardware, their imaintenance cost would be higher than pagemedia. Security procedures to ensure no compromise of classified information woUld bemuch more difficult than for page media.
Ease of Development
Technology exists to implement an AMPS 11. There are no significant areas that arestumbling blocks to fielding such a system. llectrical and magnetic media based systemswould, however, require the development of a remote terminal or terminal multiplexer.Page media would require the militarization of an OCR for shipboard use.
AMPS III Evaluation
An AMPS Ill would be a high performance system suitable only for a large ship withheavy outgoing message requirements. It would handle all traffic that an AMPS II couldhandle, plus be able to handle data pattern traffic, pro t'orma message generation and auto-matically section or segment messages. In short, it would do everything but automate thebackrouting. review and release functions. For all practical purposes. such a system couldhandle all of the expected outgoing traffic.
Performance/Cost
AMPS III would be a high performance, high cost system. Its ratio of performance/cost would not be as great as that of AMPS II, as it handles only an additional 10 percent ofthe message traffic, while its cost would be far greater than AMPS 11. As one considers systemsof higher and higher cost. the choice of media becomes less and less a significant factor. Anextra $200,000 added to a $1,000,000 system is not nearly as great as S200,000 added to a$100.000 system. However, even for AMPS 111, page media would still be less expensive onboth an initial procurement and life cycle cost basis.
61
Iimpact
[he impact of AMPS Ill would be much the same Ias ANMPS II. Its be nCt'icial illpactwould be slightly higher due to its greater capability. Its negative impact would be mini-mized by the use of page media instead of magnetic or electrical media.
Ease of Development
The technology exists for developing an AMPS 111, but the task would not be aneasy one. The processing power required would necessitate using an AN 'UYK-7 computer orpossibly networked AN/UYK-20 minicomputers. The task of developing the softwar(, tohandle the sophisticated message processing requirements of an AMPS III would be a multi-million dollar and mn.ltiyear effort. Networking iinicomputers would be less expensivewith respect to hardware cost, but would complicate the reqLired software. making it harder
to develop.
AMPS IV Evaluation
An AMPS IV would have all the capability of an AMPS Ill plus automate the back-routing, review and release functions. This would be a highly capable system that essentiall,would automate totally the communications center outgoing message process. It would bepractical only for large ship applications wher_ its capabilities were felt to be essential.
Performance/Cost
Lvcmn taking into consideration the high performance capabilities of an AMPS IV,its cost would be correspondingly high and give it the lowest performance/cost ratio. Theadditional capabilities of this system over those of AMPS II or AMPS Ill are high cost items.At this stage the media essentially are electrical, although magnetic and page media couldalso be used. A system of this level of complexity would be much more reasonable if" itwere a subsystem of a much larger system that would control all facets of a ship's oper-ations: in other words, a fully automated ship. As a stand-alone system it is too expensive.
Impact
The administrative and operational changes required by this level of system wouldbe significant. Operator and maintenance personnel training would be most costly for thislevel. The security procedures necessary to ensure the integrity of classified data displayedat remote terminals would have a serious impact on normal day-to-day operations. Displayswould have to be shielded electronically as well as from inadvertent visual disclosure. Themessage composition review terminals would be integral parts of the ship's operations andwould require the officers to report to their terminals at designated intervals to clear out any
pending messages. By their very nature, the terminals would be complicated to operate andwould require the officers and ernlisted personnel to have extensive training to use them effec-tively. Also, due to the large amount of electronic equipment required for an AMPS IV, thelifecycle maintenance costs are hard to estimate, but would likely require several maintenancetechnicians.
Ease of Development
An AMPS IV. with its very sophisticated capabilities, would be moderately risky to
develop. The ramifications of the use of this type of systen are widespread and affect many
62
facets of ships operations. A great deal of system development time and nioney would haveto be spent ol tile quality assurance of such a system to ensuLre that it would work as adver-tizcd and be accepted by the operational commnity as an asset rather than a liability. Fartoo often. systems have been touted as the "'greatest thing since steam and cheap too," onlyto be found to fall far short of goals and requirements by the time they reach the OPLVALstage.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Automating or seini-automating the message composition and preparation process isnot simple. In this age of limited budgets, the Navy m|ust concentrate on maintaining a lean.effective fighting force on a minimal amount of money. Cost effectiveness is more impor-tant now than ever, and any high cost system comes under very close scrutiny, irrespectiveof its performance capabilities. In this atmosphere it is not possible to recommend tiledevelopment of either an AMPS III or AMPS IV. The cost is too high and the relative im-provenient over an AMPS Ii is marginal at best. The Navy would be better off to push forthe development of a relatively inexpensive AMPS I1 or AMPS I that would yield a signif-icant increase in capability over the present manual system at a relatively modest cost.
Among the media choices available, page media in conjunction with an OCR isclearly the most reasonable choice based on its low cost alone. The fact that it also causesminimal impact upon the present manual system, while still allowing the automation of themost time and personnel-consuming functions of the typical ship's communications center.makes it a clear favorite. OCR technology is now at the stage where page media can serious-ly challenge magnetic media in the domain of machine readability, and greatly improve thepresent system based on reading by humans. This is done without reducing the informationto a form that is unreadable by the humman eye.
63
REFERENCES
1. Operational Feasibility Test of Cognitronics System/70, 30 November 1)7 .NELC Code 3200.
2. AMES OCR Selection Study, 17 September 1974, NELC Code 3200.
3. Field Evaluation of the AMES Feasibility Model, 7 May 1976. NLLC (odc 3200.
4. CINCUSAREUR HEIDELBERG. GE 140920Z, October 1977.
5. General Description of the AMES ADM 31 March 1978, NOSC Code 8125.
6. Operators Manual for the AMES ADM. 31 March 1978. NOSC Codc 81 25.
7. Maintenance Manual for the AMES ADM, 31 March 1978, NOSC Code 8125.
8. Equipment Supplement for the AMES ADM, 31 March 1978, NOSC Code 8125.
9. Functional Operation Specifications for the AMES ADM. 31 March 1(78. NOSC $Code 8125.
10. Program Performance Specifications for the AMES ADM, 31 March 1978, NOSCCode 8125.
II. Program Design Specifications for the AMES ADM, 31 March 1978, NOSC Code 8125.
12. Program Design Notes for the AMES ADM. 31 March 1978, NOSC Code 8125.
13. System Specifications (Type A) for the AMES, 31 August 1978. NOSC Code 8125.
14. Critical Item Specifications (Type C2A) for the AMES OCR, 31 August 1978. NOSCCode 812 .
15. CG FIRST MARDIV 130023Z, May 1978.
16. Teletype Preparation Aid (MPA) Evaluation Aboard USS HORN (DLG 30). 14 February1974, NELC TD 305.
17. SECNAVINST 10460.90 of 16 May 1978.
18. AMAP
6I
64
APPENDIX AOPTICAL CHARACTER READER (OCR) CHARACTERISTICS
AND EQUIPMENTS
65/66
I --
I Bac ta3. S600 NA S4C0 . . .O. .. -
5 CharKle,, per -. o Approcanraler 50 1rI t0 !. 300
Pagp @. m-1 3 u Atolr A 0 crai. 50 S no. A %.
Character A.. -sn 7 tat e r'
OCR AanICR6'" OCR Aroc~tt~. 1- 'I'd OG 2 .
Character .at C-nprlel apper ,i 1-1oare- .Pt ASCII 64 Rrc' 8 rRr'-8
.a' a, rI'dntr
6 Reogr. tn method T.o oq.gca aid -- I ',hq Ad-dea Vtla, irNA
1 Character reenjaw 5000 ,trarar %Aa I A 10 000 aa e
17 Character aahltrrnrr 50 000
r tri% A I 2500 aaces-
I2z Clraraciir Pth 10 10 ! 0 rr 12
3 Characrert pet lie 16 .P 0 80 N yA
14 Character rnIarnttr NA NA I. %aTolerance
tN~ ~~~~ Ahrntrsna ht IN A
16 Chavaetaertrca urpatatra 0 021 INA i A
17 Character horronrar 0014' INA 1NAW9eor.n
is Drop-nor colors Red and bran OCR -1 r-d rd I'd b-. INA r
Pop Input19 pageca 8.0al 101 uapt 11 'X14 80 1D I0
2Q Paper chVl 201lb 0 card alcack 12 11 1rr cart trotc INA%
21 Paper Illrcaner 0.003 'toO l 0 0 NA INA22 Naisr , all b-tn rtot I16 INA
23. Flefecreat 7r tnunrn INA INA N
Line input
24 Maximuaam lane length 16 8 3 8' INA te4
25. Line pitch rap 106 5 1r 6. 3rt doubtn acwtrad b, 31 1.26& 1.- 1- C103- per inch race character heghl per 1-n911,gr INcA
27. Lane emisalignenter 0.027" INA Ira aA20. Lanes per pap op to 20 up to050 24
Edrit Featares22. Chacacrer dele8te Yen INA %e .ra3X Lane delete No INA Yna tI'N
31. Programmable scanning Yes (requires complete program chang e s c IN A .0,
Status Indrcatoes INA
32. Pap e.(ect Yes Yet rIN
33. Jeeamming delsarron Yes INA n
34 Error Yes No INA35. Pan o Is tsl INA INA IN A36. Pam, on INA Yes Yt
bInchaeoall Input, Output eard Trans-Nfer at Pap N
37. Autogmatic 1,edee and Yes. 50 sheets Yes. 50 pager dn 0pagr 0 r,-
Capacity3X Raged~go Snppastsk and Yes, So shees Yet, greater tran 50 Yr INA
stac capcitis. Os0111I stacacr Capaecaly So shes greater than 50 INA INA41L "u recevery daring ism case Yen INA INA INA
41. Traesmassion IggtdesAvailable RS-232 C EIA RS-232C; PAIL STDO168100 MIL ST0 88 100 INAMIL STO 188;
up tn 3 asnchroenous or synchroenous;
uap no 3 parallel
,42 Tr afes 141gA .. lble ur 1200 b ead 2400 and 4 88 bils ceccnd 75 to 860 b eud asynchronoru a p to I 110 1 09600 b ard INA
41 SOifToot ede A INA INA 1 NA INA
41 111fty m wfifeasie Coeesmag MIL STO WSC MIL STO 188C MIL-STO.188 100 M41L ST10 C sMIL STO 188 100PNAVIMIS0 NAVSEM 5100 MIL STD 461A
INA4L 00 DopegN varpil 301, 21" 27"41 I"(WWI#u) ala. 26" 28" 39'41. V401 1aei8 W.0,r41 II -__AM__________
05 06I 2
CS C. o..' C,-".'- C Cm> a.po' A C'p O''
TC-p. T.. S->'o- Mop. 201 Mod., 210 92650C 422, C A V.
S25 000 ! :
,00 0. 1.w- 1v $5 S 6U Aqp . !.o , $15 000 App r Si', 000 APP o' 7b OC $30 00 % oA.
I . G ' ''
10220 0090 , hVOB 'U0p0 !,,1 400 0 .".
11NA INA '.0 70 200 INA T.0
NA ll1',0".................o. '.I,'2000p.,.,'. 1000p".'or' .1p 030 '.t4I '0 -. lr .;
l
ICA 'NA 8 I0 A 8 I10 NA I 0
NA 1%lA I A p '.A IA *%A
0% %A s 'NA 0. HD,
INA Y10 Yes 10 INA %a-
NA 3J 0 %l INA I INA %A INA aNA INA 0% N IA0
%A INA INA'IN'
YeN IN 4 ... .. IA INA Iw
h ' Q A '. INA INA
Xs ' 12 ' T2 p X 1 1 pN XI 'A -1x0 8 x '1 %
IN INA INA 1 , 0 4 k INA 's r %A
INA INA INA I8 NA NA INA
INA INA INA 32 INA NA INA
NA IS et rlR NA RS.
NA41 PM nA bt 5 pe 6 3,p
INA Ip to A 0 Pd10t 60bu ffi) 0-3,d0bu ycrn INA 110 to90 adPycfool 5t 60b.,
INA INA INA YIs INA INA INA
INA INA INA 3N INA INA INA
NAoP NA Y:,N
IN N NAY., INA INA A.
IN NAIANo .NA INA INA
N, NA INA INA
11IN, II, 3 INA INA INA
Yes. 5O pages Yes Yes 5O pages Yes, up to 50 pages No 8., 200 poooo y Y. Sp,,q-
NA NA INA Ye,"" ock NA NA NA
INA INA INA" Stock NA NA NA
NA INA INA INA INA INA INA
INA RS 232, parallel or wenal data ASCII 8 bit parallel IRS-232 INA RS 232 RS 232ASCII 8 bit serralw ,Io- 20 60 ia242741 IBM 6 5.ts and parity c-
NRA up to 0400 bauod 110 to 9600 baud t(sals) 600-38, 400 baud stenchforroo. INA 110 to 8600 baud asyncttrono,,, 7540o9600 bd113.6 to 9600 baud (2741 IBM) >5S to 9500 baud astrichrondous
NA INA INA Yet INA INA INA
INA INA INA INA INA INA INA
27 Is'%,* 191/1" 23" INA 20", 27"39", 30" 30" 41" 27" 39'
12 13 14 '618
Ne..d- 'era Irs SIrnecs Machins . IBM I 0ptcal' Bcsness i h Scan DaC ,o~t r Sctr Op!C cc tcotpn 1atd Scatn 0Optic Iits JC
p,i,, 3886 Laste OCR ONE 2250 1 OCR Swc,, 515 S~st- Set-' 640 MOil .11 SGC T51':
NA INA INA S288 000 475 -1oet'iol SSO 400 Ltv to SIC 700 S200 000 !,, 560 000 NMucltlont capakilis DOrcu-In wSasletsssftse
modulf
Up It, 220 155 3208 B6 I I pw ~ 400 ,tp 1. 1600 w-.1na I up !1, 260 ISNlTr-e, 4 Iro 1 88 8~ 611 p'ge INA 7 '50 -'~ f,, 30 - 460 O.-~lts N
OCR A OCR B OCR A OCR 8 3 16 G,.1Cc OCR A OCR 8 Hlltdrrr OCR A ,,OCR B OCR A OCR B 3 16 GUothrt OCR A OCR 8 403407 1 .%A
OC 0niiid~gA~phantlr. 3 16 UGrtlert
character .ct 56UP'Il ' A hl - p ,
NA ~NA Mlt Match -t rrtsIFetr nIttFtuaa. ANA INA INA NA ANAA
Irr200N ANA IC. NA INANANA 8 9 rt, 10 10 ,12 0 t % NA
NA 18 80 INA P. P .85IANA 0 15 ,h,at t,qI tth 3 rn rrh INA I Y' N A
0 1 rhatarttr Certt 6 1r t,0' N
%A N A 3 it:~~t0
INA %A INA ANA NZ 1 6 ItrrttrtNA IANA N ANA INA INA INA INA . INA. INA
Ir.;.sthrrrrqhtrt~d 1tqttl~t IIINA INA ~INA I NA INA %A
56X6 .p tn12 X 12 3
X3 tor9 Al?2 2 9 X63 256 .r86 5 ~ 663 5X3 p Ith I6x14 262. , rto r9 Is14 36x3 uptr 6.9X14 %ANA INA 16 !1r 36 hil 9Cr1, 100 ib, 15 !, 32 1b, 16 It (ObC N N
I %Arrrre I t'rprdrtrr NA 06 3003 It 0 008 INA NA i NA iA'.rc -,t1011 42 up 113 ,h 5 Itt. 0 11 !trrprrd rt~rt- 0 25 lt INA NNA
A26 britler 0 16 ,qtt AAINA INA qt-1,t, Tar 80 at ted 'qhr lrrrt INA INA INA %A
"11-r ardtlt rtttt" 1 1 8 -sd,'plpet I.rUNA 88 NA1 it2rt 16 33 rrr,rttrt Irtltert'NA LIP to 6 uprt ,6INA
characte, pet Itrr INA 1 2 r 6utnoe l t IterltNA INA INA NANA
NA INA Ia o 801NA INA INA NANA ~~~up to 18...o,8 X1
NA29 30 typtcal fat 8 .611 INA INA INA '%A
Yt Yea Y,,t INA INA INA %A
V,, Yet Yc INA INA INA r%.
NA Y"tYr Y, INA INA %A
NA Y, INA INA INA INA 'NO
INA Yr INA INA INA INA NetINA Ye INA INA INA INA %NA
INA No INA INA INA INAIIA
I____NA Yes INA INA INA INA
Yes. 50 page, Yes, I- %lack 4 stack optionral Y~ 4* clack Yes, 6" slack Yes Yes .
NA Yes. I tlack. 4" slack Ptlral Yes 4' clack Yes, 6" slack INA INA INA
INA I- slack. 4" slack opltiotal 2" slack 6" slack INA INA INAINA Yes INA INA INA INACe
IS 232 INA INA INA INA INA MIL STU2741cureef loop
ros 75 to 96E basss including 134.6 INA INA 1200 to 9600 bad INA up to 9600 seeClono.., up to 960C
INA INA INA INA INA INA IR4A
'All. STO 10INA INA INA INA INA INA VIL STU 15
27 7' 3'."IRA45- 34" N
.+ -
14 1 16 17 13 79
S a Data Corpoaton Scan Optics Incorporated Scan Optics, Ie iC porlted S stemat $cs Ge ill Corpowon V dec I nCo eorittd R o I.*Rol ,) lies Tes
2250 1 OCR System 515 System System 540 Model III SGC T5102 Model 0760 01 Input 80 Modal C1
S288 000 475 recogoton unt, 50 400 up to $80 700 S200,000 to S250,000 INA INA S200 000 -iludes niet to o ,.lullfhon? capablth, 0ocumenlt sfalizo mciollting computei CRT onwo. and pt,"
module
400 ,p to 1600 optional Up to 250 INA NA INA INAIYA 6 min Itm 30 ines 460 chractefr INA INA 55, X 11exh,
OCR A o., OCR B OCR A OCR B 3 16 GoTh, OCR A OCR B 1403 407 1 INA OCR B INAAlphanrrorc 3 16 Goth c
Upper and I-oer casv and Limncs Alphanum-s plus special haractr INA INA INA 64
F t y analysis Fatanal , FeaTur .aa..I" INA INA Mat,,. Mitch~ngINA IA INA INA INA INAINA INA INA INA INA INA
0 At? tO 10 INA t07 to 12INA n ip wr 85 INA INA INAINA INA INA INA INA INA
IA INA INA INA ISA INAIA INA INA INA INA INAINA INA INA INA INA INA
INA INA INA INA INA
.3 , 11,, X 14 22 X2.,p p 9 X 14 4 * X 3 uptr.9'X14 '
INA 'X111. 2"X2T7- upto12 X1411 32 h, 6 tO 100 Oi INA INA INA IRANA INA INA INA INA INA
INA INA INA INA 1"" top and bottom. sides INA
NA INA INA INA INA INA
ISA 0 8 [,NA INA INAINA up 1. 6 up 1o 6 IN. t. 2 o,
3 up to d
INA ISA INA INA INA INA
I A INA INA INA INA INAINA INA INA INA INA INA
INA INA INA INA INA INA
%A ISA ISA INA ISA INA
y., INA INA INA INA Yes
IA INA INA INA INA INAI A INA INA Yes ISA ISA
AIA ISA INA INA INA
ISA INA INA INA INA INAINA INA ISA Yes INA INA
Yes 6 stack Yes Yes Yes, J stock Yes, 50 page stock Yes
Yes. 6- stack INA INA INA INA Yes6" stock INA INA INA INA INA
INA INA INA Yet INA INA
INA INA INA MIL STO 188100 INA INA
1200 to 000 baud INA up to 9600 synchronous up to 9600 baud INA up to 9600 blud
INA INA INA INA INA INA
rIlL ST0 11 C NAVSE11 5100
INA INA INA I MIL STO 118 100 INA INA
ISA 45" 34N IA 27" ISA
IN -2 9u-_________ 39' INA
79 Pop* as x 0 P -1, 8 x 14 8 r t0
2a Paper ar ~ 20 ib 1sard voo 12 b orard'u %A
21 Paper ae. 003 1C0001 114A %
12 Marvin, air ,rde t-,' 1 16 %A-
23 51tro. . m ---rrmr INA NA
24 Ln.n k- .- r .eoe 6 8 30 8NA
2S Linepu' p rO 6 6 3 0.0 Aso-2& i..L 03 per nsh .. farr rn. C~o.,,.rqr -91
27 Line filtsaasgnsra 0012 7' NA%
8 irnes par Cap up to 20 up to 5 :
29. Ch~lc' 0.1ee yes INA11 L.n, geree No INA
31 liroyaril - rig Yes reurscomplete progra th-rar Y,,N
Status Inldicators %
3Z Pagoee Yes".e3. Jammngn 0"w-l~r Ye INA
34 Error yet Nc
35 PoCer 8.4 olt INA INA
3X Power o, INA Ys
- Mehanical Input, 0.pu! and Trans INA!1! a, Pop
3? Auromars'1161' and Yes 60 sreel Yes 60 p 59r
38 Re~ect hooppe aearabre and Yes 60 sheets Y,, 9-t,,o thnsu 50Slaso CaPac 1,
39 Outpt Slarer Capacity 60 sheets grearr thran 50 s
4a Pap saco-r dung 1e- corr Yes INA %NA
41 Trannsvssn Interrases Asvasable RS 232 C EIA RS 232C Mil, STO 188 100 136 si
MIL STD 180
up to03 asyncthronrous or wochroirou.
up t0 3 parallel
4Z. Trase Rawp Ase laple 600 or 1200 baud 2400 and 400C bits wcd5 109600 baud asorro ii u.- u64 hilobils sOY soshrorrour 13V061.
41. SoftTestModea INA INA INAIN
44[ MsmirV Somfitcaton Conformeance MIL SIC 188C MIL STO 180C MI1L STO 188 100 '.1,t L S14!8 ;1 -.~131 'SA 13CIll 5M100 NAVSEM4 5100 '.IIL STD 4614 Z
I'llyacal DimenssonsIN
465 Booth (fowtsll 30" 28- 2411 Wsdth (ovirmll 31" 26 28 3947 Hoota (dinarall) 45'Y 24 INA 41)U
.96 wegsi 405 Ibs. (secludes oher than OCR) 100 lbs. INA 300 Au
Pawasi Rogusee
49 Villag (AC) 106 to 126 Volts AC 120 VAC 115 VAC - 23 VAC or 238 V AC 4Y AC 115 VAC 111so, Osaneasi Ampasin 10 Amperes 7.5 Anrps- 13 VAC Slaisg 65o I.D1 Asrpr' It U- A r.
51 requency 50 Hortr 47 so 63 liens 50 * 2.5 Hertz o 60 .3 Her 60 Herr, 60 Yr n5z. Phan INA INA Single Sirgle INA
5. Wasb 1035 INA 460 INA INA
mbwiawri temperatue 40' stoWE 6' to 40C 10 1026 C 10 ro 32 C 50104 C 1haaeasdav Inansceedoseg 1 to 90% 670o 95% 951so 5 C 20 t 95'. INA
$?. Slower sand alopsqntSL IaImboorm imsespaaaee INA INA -20 to - 71 C -20 to0' 71 C INA
It brameolIst leOnecond*"seu NIA NA INA INA INAft aiugmao INA 0, goA" 10.00 ees f00 eer INA
INA *Ianutan Nat Avaagmid N/A *Not Applicable
"%A
,1- . _________,__ _J_ 2_4 i.',
% %%JAA A ..A 4u* " N
NAN
A NAA " ,,'
I
N... ,AINA '' NA
%AA
NA NA NA 8 N A
A NA%
I- NA AN
N.A NA A
INA INA A A
INA tNA INA NA NA %A
NA RS 23? parallel 0r .el,l dII. ASCII 8 AT parallel AS 23? INA IA .'iC '"' -
ASCII8 6 se,1 10*11" 1 -
2141 I10 A 5T b,tsdd pa111'3
_ _ II
NA up toI 9600 bau.d 11010o9600 baud seroIh 6005-38 400 54ud s1,¢hru.>uo JNA 10 ' NO. 04.dO ;..... 7TN 9
113 610o9600 baud (2741 IBM, 0 o9000 baud 4111T01T100001
NA NA INA INA % A
SYll 1N6 100 %
INA INA INA NA NA INA N
27" 19A 19 23 INA 29
49" 30" 30' 41" 7]
40 7/ 7: 9'40 40300 6t. 1609600. ' 160(. 400 1 . 210baud
1115V 15V'11V 1001o120 r100.20,220,230. INA 15A 2VCS
tOA~ell4Anp~s lp2e 49. 25010A pcs4A prs4A prs19 Am'eres ' 5 tol10 Amperes I5 Amp. , 1 N Amop.r., 10 Ar,?,p,
60 He1t2 50 or 60 8lerrz I 60 He1t2 60Herz He 505*1 0 9*r12 NO HKIT, 50 .',
NA INA INA Sngle Sngle INA INA INA_ NA INA INA NA NA NA NA
1" bO40 C 10" ro3S"C 10 t035 C 50 r095 F INA 0 1o40 C 10 Io4A]INA 2OtSO % 20to 80 20to0% 10T90 3080
INA INA INA I INiNA INA
INA INA INA [NA 2NA IN
INA A NA NA NA NA
X 59 .p.2 X.1 33912 2 6625 .ot, p It~l .30s .o 6. 3o''
I.%A %NA 6' 36or 1, ' too 6 3 7 b 6 .2. 10 h A
IA NA 003 0 008 NA INA INA
7.-s 3 'o5. 0" b6~ 01~ 064 57. ''rs' -C DlI All INAOdI IA %A
025 nssrrr's 01 A hN
NA INA 65 00 %A. 8A I
PP r o*,dTh ss 1 7 8 .'d, p.p 3 .. 6 NA62 3 3 ,r6Nr ,A3 ,,'D
p 6.
NA INA 6 .. ~ N
,AA NA INA INAA 29 o 7. 78 ra. to, 8 x 1AINA
SIoA 29 A 0 IPato, a X 11 INA %AA
INA
Ye - YesA ]%A N
Y50 Y- I% A INA
NAIN I.'6-5'NA NA
INA y. NA IA ' INA INA
INA y.'. [%A INA INA INA
INA o 1, I.A INA INA INA
i NA INA INA
INA N, IkN
INA NA INA INA INA :NA
N23 7IA 3 I NA I4 6 cNA INA
NA1I353 stc"pu; 20" 4 c' 8 INA0 (NA 91a40A 60" 96." , INA NA .
NA N I INA INA INA INA
NA INA NA INA NA INA
27 e 70" 32 erINA 45 340
3" 30" 48 NA 2 91
00 86 6 INA 46 14
I500 Il I100 ts INA INA INA
20 VAC M1 'JAC 220 VAC 20861r230 117 VAC NA 2506V 208 VAC
NA 14 Aners NA20 Arrperes 26 A rp, ph,,e
26 Anopere 10 Amoperes 5 Amperes
50 Herr, 60 Hertt 50 Hertz INA 60 Hertz INA 50 or 80 Hertz 50 or 60 Har,
INA INA INA 3 Phases Songle INA Socq1e 3 ph-,e
NA INA INA INA 3.00 K6iowatts INA
10 to 40C INA 60 to 95F INA 160 t38 C 85 IQ sSF
30 oI8W. 40t70. I0~ NA 2070o 80% 400 to W
INA INA INA NA NA INA
INA 0 to 7500 feet INA INA INA
I: %A INA
2 ,h,. % A INA INA
",; NA .% ' INAL NA INA
IN S
%A %. ;%A INA
%A IN?4A INANA 1 2o 3 .
% NA INA INA
% %A INA INA
SA ?%A INA
Ai% IA NA IA
0,A N %
. ,A INA N
I ANA
*: ", . '.-. . sA c.~S og '
;,% ,AA NA A
A AA N NA INA
SA NA NA
A lN I S6068 0A
'240 '99 00 bau INA ! u t 9600 ,;, , , , , 9600 baud INA so'90 I
I% %AN INA Y's
h2 NA INA INA NA NA
".IL SOD 188 C "NA'SEb 9100
NA 49 34 NA 1A INA
I NA NA %9" INA
20A 46 14 INA 40 NA
INA INA INA INA I00 I INA
NA %90 V 0OAC "O, 129V 9 VAC INA
INA 5 3 INA27 NA
N A 20 Ar'p~r0, 29 Amopo phcl. I2 A".pes 8 Amps2 INA
INA 50260 9.12 501r60 Her1z 60 H1.r0 60 INu ANA
NA Sl 3 phIN IA 0 INA
INA A N 1,1% NA INA 1NA INA
INA 10 03 2C 65o8 4 0 1 . 10 F 16 38C INA
NA 50 u, 60" 40 to 60 H01o 60 30 82t INA
INA INA INA
NA INA NAINANA INA NANA A NA NA INAINA A INA NA
INA INAIN
APPENDIX A OPTICAL CHAI ACT E READ R (OCR) CHARACTEHISTICS AND E UIPMENTS
67/68
I
, \.
i
kI'Pt \DIX 11
KFYBOARI) DISPLAY rLR%1IN.%L (ki)') CHA.R k(lI RISTI(SAND) IQUIP.MENTS
-7-
soDIN - af
A. -ov- Do -v= At I. C-- CV-- 1. -- ,
m wl I's Am sm D631K "A"11 "111 SV. Pi. Pi. i~n. iii~5 St V*S~S*StVVCs.CIlv -i
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VS'its. .A- SV PVi VinV inI.I
p 1 4 c Apoo *A hi. IA 1: PIA
A -it - n IA INA .4. ::A TosIA
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cooo :i~ ?i 2-i PtAo VS PhiI hA 1V P
ASWS (1- ool SCI..- 1
'IR VAVVAt 1. 1. IRA I*h t iA
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21 C 5 .. PS 12 Uop 12 I q I? Uoo 120, ,I io- i Ii 17U o* ~ 'sVV I iiV s iVNVo- sIS h
1V 1et Ipt tVi* VsA PI VNA %A VS VS V
DO knsu V igoi dIDb *. .. N. No-t~ ID- 0sgc- ftinj'VSIgt VP.uu
CA- V 54V PV h h h iPi sViNps~i
N2 swo DR, wovooV Ot AVV pea K" Ii it A.s od -r- O. S
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31 0 .6 -1s Vit .4i. V5
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31 PlotI VNI ts ViaA; R IAV -
41 1 IN IA.NA::
N h- V.WiVVit A-i YIN I iPiPiPIAi h
C. T'. td .V INAIN
45 CAN V~. VsIN INA Ph :IA AN VA VSm Phi Vs
42 C'V- ' V e Vs IA hA I 'IsA VNA P V
ON LI wmo A ~ A. h h V. IA V INA Vs
AN Zit INA INi Phi PhA PhIN~VVSA INA
i I.b* Nob Two Ah PI Y. Phi INA VI
41 P A Vs - N INA PI INA VNA V. PI VsA
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IV "" WINsstdtI VI Ph VIA PhINA Vs IA h
u IV . uao Li d ol VA VI A APi I Ph Ph :IA
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U k- I p No IVA IA Vs VNIA Vvsp.-RoAto IAVI
U f5 WIIA IA VIA VA PropV~i PhiM VIA
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DOSm;- U To 34,0 VV MCC Vt0(h, Iai hoo SS
a T..S.St ANIN
71 v:sit sIAV VIA AP Agsk.i VAPipsSi
Is 1.tt ~ VAN4 V. ZI ZV~sSi IIIpssi
73 pmwSN tK VAN :A sIA VSVI V1sss.
U1 dftbompN.U- b IAA IIA IAP155k
DI f KU IA IA '"A V. VsA Pitg AMh
KN ~ lMA iA IA IA IA VIA. IVA
Cry IT - TTI
sv:T A-~ S! V-1 -. ? -111 Dw1D.I C., ~ I C.192s A full lb, 1 aa 2.5 AII A AT 32 AAft -TA 8
Ai INAA WRA tTWA IA1,16V O
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,A INAW T IN.T TAW
. I T A W. 1 ~ W*W*.%WA Ta. IONA INA INA A 1: %,TA 4WA
A 1a 1. IA INA IR TA Ta T.- n AT INA WA
A IRA INA INA '.." A. INA INA %A .% 0o'
,A %WA INA INA INA 'NA I A IRA '%A WA
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APPENDIX C MAGNETIC DEVICE CHARACTERIDSTICS AND EDUIPMENTS
I c 79/80
kill 1 .t#, - -
AD-AC85 306 NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIE[O CA F/9 17/2NAVAL OUTOGINS MESSA49 PROCESSING, A STUDY OF MESSAGE GENrRATIO-ETC(u)
UNCLASSIFIErD NOSC IETR-f MLIII IED,Ill l
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APPENDIX D
TYPEWRITER TERMINAL CHARACTERISTICSAND EQUIPMENTS
1 81/82
I hmEsIBMk 0 02 03 04 06
2 Menufactssrr A. B, Dick Co. Agile Burroughs, Reduction f-Systemsi, ECI Division IBM, Office Products D
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41 CostA- Ra$e2532.60 INA INA INAS45Keyboard INA
S Numeric cluster and number of keys yes INA No NoB Genearal purpose function keys Yes INA No No7 Repeat function Yes Yes Yes YesB N-key rollover yes Yes INA INA9 Index key INA Yes No Yes
10 Security lock key INA INA INA Optional
Print and Print Mechanismn
11 Line Printer INA No INA INA No12 Bot matrix printer INA No No Yes No13 Ink jet printer INA No No No No14 Daitysheel printer INA Yes Yes No No1s Impact printing INA Yes Yes Yes yesIs Speed (characters per second) INA [500 + words/minute) 30 (45usnd 55 optional) 40 120 15.5 cps17 Number of printable characters 94 96 96 INA 8618 Programmable impact of print hummer INA INA INA INA No19 Operator changeable type style INA yes Yes No Yes20 OCR A font available INA INA INA Optional Yes21 OCR B font available INA INA INA INA Yes22 Pitch 1 and 12 10 or12 10.28 and12 10 10and 1223 Lines per inch INA 6or 8 6 6 INA
24 Lineength (characters per line per pitch) INA 132 (10 pitch); 156 (12 pitch) 132 (10.28 pitch); 158 (12 pitch) 80 125 (10 pitch); 150 (1226 Maximum width of paper INA about 14" 15" INA fs-1/2"26 Data buffer for print INA 256 characters INA 16,000 characters 4000 characters27 End of ribbon shut off Yes INA INA INA Yes
Communication Electrical Interface INA
28 Baud rate 6000Bud option INA 50, 75,100,110,150, 200, 300, 600, INA1200, 2400 selectable
29 Type RS-232 INA CCITT V28 (±6V low level) INAcurrent loop (60V, 60 mu)
High level (±80V, 20 ma)
Compose and Edit Fuatures30 Backsace INA INA Yes Yes Yes31 Audible alarm for end of line INA INA INA INA INA32 Audible alarm for end of page INA INA INA INA INA33 Repeat key for hyphen INA Yes INA INA Yes34 Size of memory for typed messep 8000 characters INA INA INA 100 pages storage
35 Automatic carrier return Yes INA INA INA INA36 Character inseart INA INA INA Yes Yes31 Correctisng ribbon INA INA INA INA Yes36 Line inert INA INA INA Yes Yes39 Word wrap You INA INA INA INA40 Word search yes INA Optional INA INA41 Chaeracter delete INA INA INA Yes Yes42 Line delete INA INA INA Yes Yes43 N-key rollover INA Yes Yes INA INA441 Indicator startus lights INA Yes Yes Yes Yes
46 Sef titMods Yes INA INA Yes INA46 Military Soneclations Conformance INA INA INA MIL-E-411BB INA
MIL-E-5400MIL-E-16400
MIL-ST0-461MIL-STO-42NACSEM 5100
47 Depth W-1 /r, 21", 11-1/t2" 23"1"48 Width 23-7/1" 23-1/2" 21"1 111" 26-3/4"46 Nest 6-1/4", 32" 7-1/4" 1." 7-1/2"a Weight 46 16L Ih111..6 , solk 96k 7S bs.
N/A - NOT APPLICABLE INA - INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE
03 U4 05 06 07 01Burrough. Redaction E-Systems, ECI Division IBM, Office Products Division T RANSACTION DATA Perkin-Elmer Dota Systeest 00me
SYSTEMS, INC. Terminal DivisionRedactor 1, Series 0 T-1148 Memory 100 Typewriter. TRANSWRITER (add-on to Carousel 310 Sprint S KSR
Model 5661 IBM SELECTRIC)
INA INA $4655. $2495. INA S2480.Same As IBM SE LE CTRIC
INA No No Yes YesINA No No INA NYes Yes yes INA YeYes INA INA INA YesVus No Yes INA INAINA INA Optional INA INA
Same as IBM SELECTRIC1INA INA INo No NoNo Yes No No NoNo No No No NoYes No No No YesYes Yes Yes Yes Yes40 120 15.5 cps 40 cps peek 45 cps or 55 cps96 INA 86 96 ASCII 96INA INA No INA INAYes No Yes Yes YesINA Optional Yes Yes YesINA INA Yes INA INA10.28 andl12 10 10 andl12 10 andl12.5 10 or12 orl15B B INA 6 (B optional) 6
Pitch) 132 (10.26 pitch); 156 (12 pitch) 60 125 (10 pitch); 150 (12 pitch) 128 132 (10 pitch); 156 (12 pitch)15" INA 15-1/21, 15-1/2" 14165'INA 16,000 characters 4000 characters INA 17 charactersINA INA Yes INA Yes
INA 50. 75, 100,110,.150, 200. 300, 600, INA INA '110, 150,300 Baud std., 1200 110, 150, 300, 600,.1200 Baud1200. 2400 selectable Baud optional
INA CCITT V28 (t6V law level) INA INA RS-232-C RS-232-C or 20 ma current loopCurrent loop (60V. 60 ma)High level (±80V, 20 ma)
INAYes Yes Yes Same sIBM SELECTRIC YesINA INA INA INAINA INA INA INAINA INA Yes INAINA INA 100 pages storage 20 pages per tape cassette INAINA INA INA Yes INAINA Yes Yes Yes INAINA INA Yes IBM SELECTRIC Capability INAINA Yes Yes Yes INAINA INA INA INA INAOptional INA INA INA INAINA Yes Yes Yes INAINA Yes yes Yes INA
Yes~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IN N-B EETRCCpblt eYes YNA YNA IBM SELECTRIC Capability Yes
INA Yes INA INA Yes YesINA MIL-E-4156 INA INA INA INA
MIL-E-6400
MIL-E-116400MIL-ST0-461
MIL-STO-42MACSUM Sin
16-1/2" 23"" AddtuvelInes tosdepth 24", 25.3"N"1"26-3/4" of IBM SE LE CTRIC 28" 23.s"714 "7-1/2" 1,3"611
a~b N7s 76bs. INA INA 41.6 1k
LICAULE INA - INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE APPEMDIX 0 - TYPEWRITER TERMINAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EQUIPMENTS
'1?7 83/84 e)
I l• • L
IIIIIIII
I APPENDIX E
PRINTER CHARACTERISTICS AND EQUIPMENTS
I
1II
1 85/86
1 Item number 1[ 02 03 04 05 06
2 Manufacturer AGILE Data General Corp Data 100 Corp. Rocal-Milgo (ICC) Perkin-Elmer Data Systems. Teletype Corp Qum,
3 Model inumber AlI (Oumes mtchaism) 0034430 Whisper Qutet 40 - 20C Carousel 310 4010'OFOO Sprint Ii 4
4 Cost Rimpge INA INA INA INA INA 311205 32140
Print style
5 Falty-formed characterS yes No Yes INA Yes Yes Yes
B Dot matrix No 5o x( NA INA No No No7 OCR A font available INA INA Yes INA Yes INA INA
j OCR B font available INA INA Yes INA INA INA INA9 Operator changeable Yes INA INA INA Yes INA Yes
101 Variable pitch Yes No _ INA No ltoto 12.5 No t0 12Print mechanism
Ii lo In et printer Na INA No INA No No No
12 Daisy weheel printer Yes No No INA No No Yes
13 Impac Printing Yes INA INA Yes Yes Yes Yes
14 Characters printed per second 30, 45 or 55 30 (300 lioes Per minute) (180 lines per minute) 40 3.7 lnessec, (80 characters/lisel 45 (55 oor
i5 Programmable impact of print hammer (NA INA INA INA INA INA Yes
16 Lines printed per inch 56orS8 6 6 6 6onr 6o, 3 6, 7 End of ribbon indicator or control INA INA INA No INA INA Yesis Vertical lion space INA INA INA INA (NA (NA ( NA
Paper Handling
19 Maxsimam width of paper 147" 5"18" 12-27132" 15-1'? 8.1,2" 14.6520 Friction teed Yes (NA No yes Yes Yes Yes21 Pin teed optional INA Yes No Optional optional Yes22 Vertical stem rate (NA INA (NA (NA (NA (NA 5 inches.n23 Paper thichness INA (NA (NA (NA (NA (NA (NA
Programmable controls INA INA (NA INA24 Horizontal tab to column number Yes (NA Yes25 Vertical tab to line number Yes INA Yes
28 Relation horizontal increment moves 1/120" 1/tOO' increments 1 120'
27 Relation vetical increment moves 1148" 1/40" increments 1,43"
28 Non-escapement (NA (NA Yes
2g Self TesttMode (NA (NA Yes Yes Yes Yes (NA
Operational features30 Cartridge ribbon Yes Yes (NA (NA Yes (NA Yes31 Duiel operation (55 dBa max. noise level) (NA (NA (NA (NA (NA (NA (NA32 Line-at-a-time printing No No Yes Yes No Yes No33 Character-at-a-timer printing Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes341 Sze af buaffer memory 256 characters 40 characters (NA 120 characters 128 characters 2 hones (00 char./lioe) 224 charac
Panel controls far operation (NA35 Power ne/off (NA Yes (NA Yes (NA (NA36 Iopal rate selector Yes No No Yes INA Yes
31 Sell taspanator (NA Yes No (NA Yes INA
Electricall Interface3 Type RS-232 20 ma current loop RS-232 (NA RS-232-C RS-232 C RS-232 C
RS-232-C MIL STO-188C 20 ma cur,20/60 mie current loop optional
39 Protocol (NA (NA (NA (NA (NA (NA (NA
40 Inpat datarotas BO0 Baud 10,150 end 300 (NA (NA 110150,300 Bond Standard; Up to 9600 Bits per second 116. i0,.1200 Baud optional 1200 Baud
Physical dimensions41 Depth INA 21" 28", 27.28" 24", 17180"18"42 Width 23-1/2" 27.5" 30" 20.375" 28", 171, 23.5"43 Heiht 32" (on pedestal) 33.5" (0n pedestal) 40-1/2" (on pedestel) 11.56", 0" 6-1/2" 7.625'44 weight of tbs. 60 Ill. 290 lho. 33 1bs (NA 67Bls. 44bIta.
458 MlitarsPeuifcatia"S conformance INA (NA INA (NA (NA MIL-STO-188C (NANACSEM 5100
Power requieames41 Voltage(ac) I I V ±0% 120V 11EiV 117V 10% 120V Std,240V optional 115V .t0% B5 le 130141 Currant 3 Amp. surge; 2Amp o. (NA INA (NA (NA 11S Amp (NA46 Fraqpasay 80 H(orn 60 (Heolo 60 Hertz 60 Hertz 80 Hertz std; 50 Hertz optioal 480,2 or 56-62 Hertz (NA44 Phas INA INA Single INA (NA Single (NA10 Watt INA (NA 400 (mao) INA (NA 280 350
Statue Mpeyn and indcartais INA INA (NA61 ons/Ott INA No INA YesS2 hualb INA No (NA (NA13 Outo aper (NA Yes INA (NA14 Off-lioe/eff-fiser INA No INA (NAso laot rael aest"eA yes No Yes NoJu Tes aotertle (NA No INA (NA
N/A - NOT APPLICABLE (NA. INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLEj 87/88
02 03 04 05 06 07 00
Data General Corp. Data 100 Corp. Racal-Milo (ICC) Perkin-Elmer Data Systems, Teletype Corp. Oume Data Prater Corp.Terminal Division
sm) 5643 4430 Whisper Quiet 40 + 20C Carousel 310 4010-BFOO Sprint 5/45 RD 1260
IRA INA INA INA S8205. S2140. INA
No Yes INA Yes Yes Yes INA5 7 1NA INA No No No No
INA Yes INA Yes INA INA INAINA Yes INA INA INA INA INA
INA INA INA Yes INA Yes INA
No INA No 10 or 12.5 No 10, 12 or 15 No
INA No INA No No No No
No No INA No No Yes No
INA INA Yet Yes Yes Yes Yes
30 (300 lines per minute) (100 lines per minute) 40 3.7 lines/sec. (00 characters/line) 45 (55 optional) 600 line per minute (132 characters per line)
INA INA INA INA INA Yes INA
5 6 6 6or8 6or3 6 6
INA INA No INA INA Yes INA
INA INA INA INA INA INA INA
15" 16" 12-27/32" 15.1/2" 0-1/2" 14.65" 19.5"
INA No Yes Yes Yes Yes INA
JA Yes No Optional Optional Yes INA
INA IA INA INA INA 5 inches/second 20" per second (40" per second optional)INA INA INA INA INA INA INA
INA INA INA IRA INAINA Yes
NA Yes
1/100" increments 11120"
1/48" increments 1/48"
INA Yes
NA Yet Yes Yes Yes INA Yes
Yes INA INA Yes INA Yes INAINA INA INA INA INA INA INA
No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
Yes No No Yes No Yes No
40 characters INA 120 characters 128 characters 2 lines (80 char./line) 224 characters INA
INA
INA Yes INA Yes INA INAYes No No Yes INA Yes
INA Yes No INA Yes INA
20 ma current loop RS-232 INA RS-232-C RS-232-C RS-232-C Bit parallel, character serial, TTL compatibleRS-232-C MIL-ST0-188C 20 ma current loop
20/60 ma current loop optionalIRA INA INA IRA INA IRA INA
110, 150 and 300 INA IRA 110, 150, 300 Baud Standard; Up to 6000 Bits per second 110, 150, 300, 00, INA
1200 Baud optional 1200 Baud
21" 20" 27.20" 24" 17-3/8" 10.0" 26"
27.5' 30" 20.375" 28" 17" 23.5" 36.5"
33.5" (on pedestal) 40-1/2" (on pedestal) 11.56" 0" 6-1/2" 7.625" 42.75"
60 lbs. 200 Ibs. 03 lbs INA 67 lbs. 44 lbs. S70 Ibs.
INA IRA INA INA MIL-STO.10C INA INA
NACSEM 5100
120V 11V 117V 10% 120V Sod, 240V optional 115V ±10% 95 to 130V/200.250V 100/115/200/235"A ft INA IRA INA INA 3.15 Amp INA INA
60 Hert 00 Hertz 00 Hertz 00 Hertz ad; 50 Hertz optional 4052 or 5052 Hertz INA 50 or 50 Hertz ±1 HertzIRA Single INA INA Single INA INA
IRA 400 (max) INA INA 280 350 0.0 KVA
INA INA INA
INA No INA YesIRA No INA INA
IRA Yes INA INA
IRA Me INA INA
Yes No Yes NoIRA No INA INA
APIPLICARLE INA- INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE j' 5 APPENDIX E - PRINTER CHARACTERISTICS
I 87/88?
[I1IIIIIIj APPENDIX F
MEDIA SELECFION CRITERIA
III.Ii11g 89
APPENDIX F
MEDIA SELECTION CRITERIA
LIFE CYCLE COST
The life cycle cost includes all costs over the expected life of the equiplent. Theinitial costs of equipment and programming, costs of spare parts, costs of repairs and main-tenance on the equipment and personnel and training costs for operations and maintenancepersonnel, are the predominate cost elements. Costs for special support equipmlent forrepair and maintenance would also be included, as well as the costs to utilize integratedlogistics support concepts.
Cost consideration to be considered for all message entry devices includes:
" Current market price for small buys of equipment offered for military use
* Development costs of up-grading present equipment to military shipboardstandards
* Development costs of new equipment designed for military shipboard standards
" Estimated cost of equipments procured in medium size buys after developmentis completed
PERFORMANCE
Smart Capabilities
Smart capabilities are the functions that can be performed by a terminal or unit insupport of the message generation process. Typical smart functions of a terminal would be:
* Generation of pro forma message types for completion by "fill in the blanks"
• Editing of messages after entry
* Interaction of human and machine (e.g., prompting)
" Validation of input data
* Formatting of data and words according to predetermined formats
Versatility
Versatility is the ability to accept changes in existing functions. Some examples ofversatility in a terminal would be its programmability to provide different functions, i.e., a halfor full duplex capability or a capability to operate at various baud rates.
Expandability
Expandability is the capability to increase the number and type of functions, e.g.,in a smart terminal, the size of memory, the instruction set of a processor or the numberand type of I/O ports may be increased.
Throughput
Throughput for message entry devices (MEDs) is the number of messages ofpredetermined length that can be accepted by a device over a relatively long unit of time
90
II
(i.e.. 720 messages of 1920 characters per hour). A minimum standard for throughputshould be applied to all types of MEDs. In actual practice, however, tile througplut of anyautomated message generation and preparation system will most likely be limited by thenumber of message drafters and message generation equipment operators.
I Accuracy
Accuracy for MEDs is tile error-free alphanumeric characters of symbols that areentered via the MED into the message preparation system. The character error rate indi-cates the quality of tile MED. The quality of the MED is inversely proportional to the num-ber of errors that occur undetected by the MED of the communication system. i.e., as qual-ity goes up. the character errors go down. Also related to accuracy is the ability of theMED to recover as much usable data as possible from magnetic or paper media should theybe accidentally damaged during handling.
IEase of Interface
The interface ease is the ease in making electrical or mechanical interfaces withexisting equipments and new equipments yet to be introduced in message preparationsystems. Using the same interface standards for present and future systems and equipmentwill ease interface problems. Handshaking signals and procedures as well as binary codedsymbols will need to be standardized for present and future systems to ease interfacingproblems.
Electrical Interfaces
Considered here are the electrical interfaces to the message preparation system.
IExamples are:
* RS-232C
* High level and low level TTY loops
* MIL-STD-188C
* NTDS slow
* NTDS fast
* ANEW
IIMPACT ON SYSTEM (existing systems)
Administrative Control
This is the management of resources to achieve efficient message generation.Administrative control would need to be exercised only over a small area if there is onemessage entry point. Administrative control would be dispersed if there are many messageentry points making control more complex and difficult.
Security measures and safeguards also would be confined to one area for a singlepoint and dispersed for multiple message entry points. The safeguards would includeTEMPEST qualified equipments and areas. Security measures would include operator
91
discipline and training and control of personnel access to nessage entry equipments and
areas. More personnel and facilities are needed for many entry points than for onemessage entry point.
Processing Control
The processing control pertains only to message entry functionIs, equipment andprocedures. The precedence of a message determines which message is processed first.Messages will be processed only if signed by a person with appropriate release authority.The higher the precedence, the less the writer-to-reader elapsed time in accordance with therequirement.
Replacement of Equipment
New equipment should reduce the number of existing equipments as well as per-sonnel while providing faster message delivery. The amount of new equipment should bekept to a minimum.
Logistic Supportability
The logistic supportability is the ability of the supply system to furnish spare partsfor repair and maintenance and the availability of test equipment and properly trainedrepair and maintenance personnel to keep the message generation system operating. Mod-ularization of equipment using line replaceable items and modules can case the logisticsupportability problems. These problems will also be eased if new systems can be builtthat require simple or existing test equipment for repair and maintenance.
Commonality of message generation system equipment with other systems canreduce hardware and software development costs and help keep the logistics supportabilityrequirements low. An example would be the use of standard peripherals and computersthat will allow common hardware and software to be used in different systems.
Personnel
The number and skill level of operators required to operate message generationequipment would vary depending on the type of media and equipment. The average timespent by the operator for each message entered would indicate which media and equipmentcan reduce the personnel requirements.
MILITARY SPECIFICATION AVAILABILITY
The following military standards and specifications should be considered for appli-cation to message entry devices:
* MIL-STD-167, Mechanica: Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment. The Type Ienvironment vibration would apply. An exploratory vibration test should be
performed on each candidate for message entry device (MED).
• MIL-S-901, Shock Tests, H. I. (High Impact) Shipboard Machinery Equipmentand Systems, Requirements for (NAVY). The MEDs would probably be of a
92
I
(rade B. Class i; type. A Grade B type is "not required for the safety orcontinued combat capability of a ship.- The "'(lass ii equipment . illperform its specified functions, under the HI shock, with the use of resilicnmounting which are allowed or required ...
0 MIL-E-1 6400, Electronic Equipment, Naval Ship and Shore, General specitication
• MIL-STD-810. Environmental Test Methods
0 MIL-STD-1397, Input/Output Interfaces, Standard Digital Data. Nav\ Systems
* MIL-STD-1472, Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systeis Fquip-ment and Facilities
• MIL-STD-1 67 1, Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment (Type IEnvironmental and Type II Internally Excited)
9 MIL-STD-188, Military Communication System Technical Standards
* MIL-STD-454, Standard General Requirements for Electronic Equipment
e MIL-STD-461, Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics. Requirements forEquipment
0 MIL-STD-46855. Human Engineering Requirements for Military Systems.Equipment and Facilities
* NACSEM 5100 (CONFIDENTIAL), Compromising Emanations Laboratory TestStandard Electromagnetics
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The primary physical characteristics for MEDs are size and weight. The maximumpermissible volume and weight should be determined or design objectives established consis-tent with performance and capability. Needed are:
* Size and weight of available units
" Design objectives for development
* Estimates of size and weight for production models
POWER CONSUMPTION
The power consumption of present equipments should be noted and the power fordeveloped equipments estimated. A reasonable standard consistent with performance wouldbe helpful in the evaluation of candidate MEDs. A comparison of available MEDs withineach type would show which unit uses the least power and has the lowest volt ampererequirements.
93
~As
ATTACHMENT A
OPTICAL CHARACTER READER FOR THEAUTOMATED MESSAGE ENTRY SYSTEM
94
OPTICAL CHARACTER READER IOCR)FOR THE
AUTOMATED MESSAGE ENTRY SYSTEM (AMES)
The AMES project at NOSC has resulted in an advanced development model of anautomated message preparation system using an OCR for message entry. AMES is equikal-ent to a Level 11 system as described in this study report. AMES has been developed for theUSMC for use in a tactical environment. The USMC has completed an OPEVAL OF AMFSADM and has entered into an acquisition program to procure 25 production versions with aFirst Article in January 1981. The Army has also opted to buy AMES in as yet an unspeci-fied quantity. An AMES consists of optical character reader. system controller, magnetictape cartridge unit. paper tape readerpunch, high speed printer and a keyboard videodisplay terminal in an S-280 hut and is projected to cost S210K per unit in production.
The OCR in the AMES ADM and AMES feasibility model has bt-en a commercialversion, Control Data Corporation 92650 (presently sold as a Scan Data Corporation 1150).During the course of system development and testing (three years), NOSC has logged a totalof 5100 hours of usage on two machines. During this period the OCR(s) experienced eightfailures. The details are presented in enclosure (I ) to this Attachment A.
Exhibits I through 16 provide examples of messages accepted by the AMES.Particular attention is called to the fact that the AMES OCR does not require letter perfectcopy and is, in fact, able to read misaligned characters, skewed lines, violated margins,stained and wrinkled copies. improper spacings, smudged characters, degraded print, etc.The AMES system also permits character, word and line delete as well as line(s) insert bythe use of correction pages.
The input is prepared on red DD- 173 forms with electric typewriters using anOCR A font, once only polyethylene ribbon and 10 character pitch. The output for theexhibits was taken from tho line printer after the system has assigned Ris and reformattedthe message to the operator selected ACP 126 Mod, ACP 127 or JANAP 128 formrrat.
Table AA1 provides technical specifications on the CDC92650.
ATTACHMENT A
95
Talle ,AI. CDC 92650 Technical specifications.
('haracter recognition rare 684 characters/second
Page throughput 5 pages/minute
Maximum character substitution rate 1/100,000(ANSI print quality range X 1)
Maximum character reject rate 1/10.000(ANSI print quality range X)(
Maximum character substitution rate 1/50.000(ANSI print quality range Y)0
Maximum character reject rate 1/5,000(ANSI print quality range y(1)
Maximum line skew permitted( 2 ) ±0.13 inches
Maximum character skew permitted( 2) +0 Angular rotation
Maximum character misalignment -+1/2 Character height vertically
pennitted(2 )
Minimum adjacent character separation 0.014 inchespennitted(
2)
Minimum print contrast signal permitted (2) 50%
NOTES:
1. Typical reading accuracy is an order of magnitude higher than those specified.
2. Reading tolerance is based on character spacing of 10 characters/inch and linespacing of 3 lines/inch.
96
A&
II
I
AMES OCR RELIABILITY I)AT..\
I During development, test and evaluation of the AMIS feasibili\ I \ uhl 1rod theAMES advanced development model, NOS( obtained the following relldah.l dad o1 thcControl Data Corporation 92650 terminal optical character reader i( )( R
I. AMES feasibility model (TOCR S/N I was used: this unit is a prcproduction modcl I
g A. Two months at NOSC (9/75-10/75)
1. Approximate number of operating hours v.as 480
2. One failure occurred
a. Bad comparator PC card
b. Corrective maintenance performed by NOSC engineer
I B. Three months at First Marine Division. Camp Pendleton, CA (1 1/ 75-I '76) foroperational testing: in a garrison environment
I . Approximate number of operating hours was 600
2. No failures occurred
C. Two months at NOSC (7/77-8/77)
1. Approximate number of operating hours was 100
2. One failure occurred
a. Bad comparator PC card (received from contractor with defect)
b. Corrective maintenance performed by NOSC engineer
I). One month in Germany for REFORGER 77 (9/77): in a garrison environment
I. Approximate number of operating hours was 340
2. No failures occurred: however, the CDC engineering supporting the TOCRmade four circuit modifications
a. Two modifications were required to compensate for heat sensitivecomponents: these heat problems have been corrected in the
production models of the TOCR
b. The other two modifications should have been made six monthsearlier, but factory technicians failed to do so
I II. AMES advanced development model (TOCR S/N 146 was used)
A. Twelve months at NOSC (4/77-3/78)
1. Approximate number of operating hours was 2U802. Four failures occurred:
a. Bad display generator PC card; corrective maintenance done by CDCI technician (received from contractor with defect)
Enclosure I to Attachment A
9I I 97
II I|
b. Bad power supply TRIAC: corrective maintenance done by NOSCengineer
c. Bad solid state array used in the optics: corrLctive maintenance doneby CDC engineer
d. Bad encoder PC card: corrective maintenance done by NOSC engineer
B. One month at First Marine Division. Camp Pendleton, CA (4/78) for opera-tional testing: in a garrison environment
1. Approximate number of operating hours was 420
2. One failure occurred:
a. Bad eject stacker motor control PC card
b. Corrective maintenance done by NOSC engineer
C. Three weeks at Camp Pendleton, CA (5/78) for transportability testing; tacticalenvironment: NOSC installed shock mounts on the TOCR and added mechan-ical stiffeners such as card retainers, cable connector retainers and panel latches
I. Approximate number of operating hours was 100
2. No failures occurred
NOTE: Not included in the above information are the following two problems which wereinvestigated by the CDC engineer
I. Timing problem (actually a design error) on the format controller PC card:a circuit modification was made by the CDC engineer as a temporarysolution to the problem
2. Fault detect logic card falsely indicated an error in the optic alignment;the CDC engineer determined the optics were in perfect alignment, butcould not solve the problem: this does not in anyway affect the TOCR'sreading abilities
D. Three months (6/78-8/78) at various locations (NOSC, East Coast, Germany)for the purpose of demonstrations (AFCEA, USAREUR)
1. Approximate number of operating hours was 480
2. No failures occurred
E. One month in Germany for REFORGER 78 (9/78); in a garrison environment
I. Approximate number of operating hours was 340
2. One failure occurred
a. Bad fault detect logic PC card
b. Corrective maintenance performed by CDC technician
Enclosure 1 to Attachment A
98
F. Two months (10/78-11/78) on East Coast for demonstrations at various
locations
1. Approximate number of operating hours was 160
2. No failures occurred
Approximate total operating hours as of 12/18/78 is 5,100.
Total number of failures as of 12/18/78 was eight.
Enclosure I to Attachment A
99
SECUITY CLASS, iCATiON
JOINT MESSAGEFORMPAGE cbc:. [T LSS CC PP ES CENTER/COMtiUNICATl0Ni CENTEO
PAE PIESE AtNP DATE TIME O~r
fl .IfngL4 E RRI RRI AT lUUUUl ZYUWlBOOK MESSAGE HANIDLING INSTRUCTIONS
FO:CG FIRST MARDIV
TCG MCDEC QUANTICO VA
CMC WASHINGTON DC
UNCLAS //N55768//
THE AUTOMATED MESSAGE ENTRY SYSTEM (AMES) IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE
APTOMATED MESSAGE PREPARATION SUPPORT TO FACILITATE OUTGOING MESSAGE
PROCESSING FOR COMMAND AND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS. AMES WILL REDUCE
NOPERATOR WORK LOADS AND PROVIDE A MORE EFFICIENT, RELIABLE, AND
RAPID OUTGOING MESSAGE PROCESSING CAPABILITY. AMES ACCEPTS OUTGOING
MESSAGES ENTERED IN DD-173 FORMAT, VALIDATES SELECTED ELEMENTS OF
THE MESSAGEi ASSIGNES ROUTING INDICATORS, FORMATS THE MESSAGE FOR
TRANSMISSION, AND TRAENSMITS THE MESSAGE TO AUTODIN VIA AN INTERFACE]
AN/TYC-5A TERMINAL DEVICE AND/OR TO A PAPER TAPE UNIT FOR MANUAL
PROCESSING ON OTHER CIRCUITS. THE SYSTEM ALSO MAINTAINS FILES AND
LOGS OF OUTGOING MESSAGES PROCESSED VIA THE SYSTEM FOR MESSAGE
6 ACCOUNTABILITY AND/OR SUBSEQUENT RETRIEVAL. AMES USES STATE-OF-THE-54 ART OPTICAL CHARACTER READER (OCR) AND MICRO-PROCESSOR TECHNEOLOGY32 TO VISUALLY READ TYPED DD-173 MESSAGE FORMS AND CONVERT THE CtIARAC-1O TERS INTO COMPUTER ACCEPTABLE DIGITAL FORMAT. AMES IS INTENDED FOR
DiRT P
OPDAFTER TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL, PHONE IS DATE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
*TYPED MAMIE. TITLE, OFFICE SYMBOL AND PHIONE
*SIGNATURE - SECUITY CLASSIPICATIO DTE TIME GROUP
D i PORN', 173 (OCR)0 0P.001.6000 19 2041ExhibitI
100
JOINT MESSAGEFORM ,.f *'
[12c 02 1600945 t-.
TACTICAL DEPLOYU3.T IN A STANDARD SHIELTER CONFIGURATION.
NNNN T
I6
43
2
ONAF ~TEN IrPEO NAME TYuLE 09 ICE SYMbic PHONE 6 OAT E SPECiAL INSTRuCI.O)Ns
DD 'j'I,",7 173 lc S/N 0107 LI 001 6000 2* 6~* V- Exhbit 1
101
RATUZYUA RUJDF,1001 lb14086-UUUU--RUEACMC RUEBJMA.ZNR UUUUUR 130846Z JUN 78
FM CG FIRST MARDIVTO RUEBJMA/CG MCDEC QUANTICO VARUEACMC/CmC AASHINGTON DCBTUNCLAS //N55768//THE AUTOMATED MESSAGE ENTRY SYSTE'. (AmES) IS DESIGNED TO PRiuvIDEAUTOMATED MESSAGE PREPARATION SUPPORT TO FACILITATE OUTGOING MESSAGE
PROCESSING FOR COMMAND AND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS. AMES wILL REDUCEOPERATOR wORK LnADS AND PROVIDE A MORE EFFICIENT, RELIABLE, ANDRAPID OUTGOING MESSAGE PROCESSING CAPABILITY. AMES ACCEPTS OuTGO[ISMESSAGES ENTERED IN DD-173 FORMAT, VALIDATES SELECTED ELE-ENTS OF
THE MESSAGE, ASSIGNS ROUTING INDICATORS, FORMATS THE MESSAGE FOR
TRANSHISSIOf,, AND TRANSMITS THE MESSAGE TO AUTODIN VIA AN IjTERFACED
AN/TYC-SA TERMINAL DEVICE AND/OR TO A PAPER TAPE UNIT FOP MANJALPRUCESSING ON OTHEP CIRCUITS. THE SYSTEM ALSO MAINTAINS FILES ANOLOGS OF OUTGOING MESSAGES PROCESSED VIA THE SYSTEM FOR MESSAGEACCOUNTABILITY AND/OR SUBSEQUENT RETRIEVAL. AVES USES STATE-DF-T"E-
ART OPTICAL CHARACTER READER (OCR) AND MICRO-PROCESSUL TECHNOLOGY
TO VISUALLY READ TYPED DD-173 MESSAGE FORMS AND CONVERT THE CHARAC-
PAGE 2 RUAJDFNP00f UNCLAS
TERS INTO COMPUTER ACCEPTABLE DIGITAL FORMAT. AYES IS INTENDED FOR
TACTICAL DEPLOYMENT IN A STANDARD SrELTEk CONFIGURATIC/ .
BT
Exhibit 1
102
I
JOINT MESSAGEFORM I
C U"
' S"
PAE ."AE 1. 1C5C LM LA.CI ORMSSAGE C E /CO.. U.ICAIONS CENIER ONL'
-1. 0
' Lt .- Lp.flf N lrr 1TIV 7viiw1MESSAGE HANALING INSTRUCTIONS
Fm.uCG FIRST MARDIV
To ZEN/FIRST MARDIV
' AVCIAMSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CA
'jAfO ZESIG NCO CAMP PENDLETON CA
I U3RD MAI NORTON AFIB CA
XMT SECOND BN XUKTH MAR
THIRD BN SEVENTH MAR
NCLAS E F T 0 II/ND2000//
i IESSAGES TYPED ON DD-1?3 MIESSAGE FORMS FOR PROCESSING By THE ARIES
0 NOT HAVE TO BE TREATED WITH TENDER LOVING CARE. IT IS WELL KNOWN
HAT WHEN MESSAGES ARE BEING STAFFED THEY DO GET HANDLED A LOT AND 11
AN GET DIRTY, SMUDGED, OR EVEN STAINED WITH COFFEE AS THIS ONE DID.
NNN
5
4321
DISTR:
DRAFTER TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL, PHONE I DATE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
TYPED NAME. TITIE. OFFICE SYMBO: AND PHONE
I SIGNATURE SECURITY CLASSIFICATION DATE TIME GROUP
DD , UI 173UL ro) R E S,N OILF .O0I.0ooo .,6 .... mExhibit 2
103
I*
RATEZYUA RUvJ0FNj0ob 16L0850-EEEE--RUAABBC RUmDSAA.
ZNY EEEEER 13085IZ JUN 78FM CG FIRST MARDIV
TO ZEN/FIRST MARDIVRUoDSAA/NAVOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CA
INFO ZEN/CG MCB CAMP PENDLETON CARUAABBC/63RD MAN NORTON AFB CAXMT SECOND BN SEVENTH .ARTHIRD BN SEVENTH MAR
8TUNCLAS E F T 0 //N32000//MESSAGES TYPED ON DD-173 MESSGE FORYS FOR PROCESSING BY THE AYES
DO NOT HAVE TO BE TREATED mITH TENOER LOVING CARE. IT IS AELL KNOnNm
THAT WHEN MESSAGES ARE BEING STAFFED THEY DO GET HANDLED A LOT AND
CAN GET DIRTY, SMUDGED, OR EVEN STAINED 6ITm COFFEE AS THIS ONE DID.BT
NNNN
Exhibit 2
104
- JOINT MESSAGEFOAM jSZ.(ASTC ~
sells CMC WASHINGTON DC
INFO CG tICDEC QUANTEEEEUUICUEEO VEGA
NE ADVANTAGE OF OCR PROCESSINEG IS THAT TYPIEUNG ERRORS AEIERBE
ASUIELY CORR1EEUEEEUEUEUUEUECTED EbJITH THE AMID EHOF THE BLOB
HEAEREACTEER. NN!EUEENN
65'4
3210
DIST.
DRAFTER TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBO8L P.NIE & DATE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
£ TYPE D i N M E TITLE O FFIE S TUSOI. AND SIPNDNE,- A 10 A L -
D D '.uoL"?, 173 cP S/N 0102 I 001 6000 ;-Exhibit 3
105
RATUZYUN RUVJDFN"32 1 1b608q-UUUU-R.EACWC RUESJP.ZNR UUUUUR Oq1830Z JUN 78FM CG FIRST mAROIV
TO RUEACMC/CVC -NASMINGTON DCINFO RUE9JMA/CG MCDEC OUANTICO VA
8TUNCLAS //N7788//ONE ADVANTAGE OF UCR PROCESSI1G IS THAT TYPING ERROPS AEEASILY CORRECTED AITH THE AID OF THE BLOBCHARACTER.BT
1#321
NNNN
Exhibit 3
106
AM
JOINT MESSAGEFORM
L. . C L AI E.,II ... .. -- -"- .7 -- ...... - - ---.- - .-- - -- '. .. . .
_ J.30li3fJ .RR .AR -- AT - LJULLEUUZYLU' .
,,o. NAVoCEANSYsCEN SAN DIEGO CA
I NCLAS //N15432// To C G MCDEC QUANTIC VA
HE 0 CR CAN READ MISALIGNED CHARACTERS.
LSO SKEWED CHARACTERS.
NNN
6543210
DRAFTER TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL PHONE & DATE SPECIA. NA . -
VYPEU NAME TITLE oFFICE SYMBOL AND PHONE C
D D , 173 OCRo SN 0102 f0o, o .000 '-Exhibit 4
107
' ' , i i i I I I I ,r IA&
RATUZYUm RUv,JDFN-305 16408Q9-UUUu--RUE8JmA.
R 13085OZ JUN 78FM NAVOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CATO CG MCOEC GUANTICO VA8 TUNCLAS //NI5432//TH~E OCR CAN READ MISALIGED CHARACTERS.ALSO SK(EeED CrmAiACTERS.8 T
NNNN
Exhibit 4
108
JOINT MESSAGEFORM (SECURITY C, • ",C^"ON
A bt(0 C~ L"' CL.SS rdC I FO MESSAGE CENTER/COMMUNICATIONS CENT[ R 0'..,
-or F -A,
-PA A~n.
D.Lang1 YUIIBOOK MSSAC(MA F I NSTRUCTIONS
PRoM-CG FIRST MARDIV
TO: CMC WASHINGTON DC
NCLAS BE//N11224//
THE OCR CAN READ SKEWED LINES
E[THER TO THE LEFT OR BRIGHT
YNNN
65432
DISTR:
0ORAFTER TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL. PHIONL A DATE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
* TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL AND PHONE
SIGNATURE SECURITY CLASSICATION DATE TIME OROU*
DD , oL 173 $I, SN 0102 if 001 6000 .... ....... Exhibit 5
109
PATUZYUA RUhJDFNI223 164850-UUUU-RUEACMC.ZNR UUUUUP 121637Z JUN 78
FM CG FIRST MARDIvTO CMC WA3HINGTON DC
BTUNCLAS //NI122U//THE OCR CAN READ SKEmED LINESEITHER TO THE LEFT OR RIGHTSTS1223
NNNN
Exhibit 5
110
JOINT MESSAGEFORM I A
L Fsn- u CLASS C~C 7 FD MSA&( E (M 1 E1FII c f~PAC.C F .- , -- -- -- -++ I +
Eli' i 163140D Ek RR-kT UuLlu ZYUW
FROM CG FIRST MARDIV
TO NAVOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CA
UNCLAS //NG2000//
THIS MESSAGE DEMONSTRATES THAT EVEN THOUGH A MESSAGE IS ALIGNED TO AC
TO THE RIGHT IN THE TYPEWRITER THE OPTICAL CHARACTER READER IS ABLE TO
PICK UP THE CHARACTERS AND PROCESS THE MESSAGE.
NNNN
65
43210
1 IST A
DNA TER TYPED NAME TITLE OFFICE SYMG,,. PHONE. & CATE SPECIA L
INSTRUCIONS
T[TYPLD NAM .E TITL.E OFFICE SYMSL ANoI HNL
DD PoR. 173 ,OCR,, 73 S/N 0102 00 5000 0o o p, IA++'o1 ,, °, Exhibit 6
i 111
RATuZYUo RUoJDFN0007 16t085e-UUUU--RUvDSAA.ZNR UUUUUR 130852Z JUN 78F4 CG FIRST MARDIVTO NAvOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CA8TUNCLAS //NO2?e//THIS MESSAGE DEvONSTRATES THAT EVE, THOUGH A MESSAGE IS ALIGNED TO FAR
TO THE RIGHT IN THE TYPE&RITER THE OPTICAL CHARACTER READER IS ABLE TOPICK UP THE CHARACTERS AND PROCESS THE vESSAGE,
BT
NNNN
Exhibit 6
112
JOINT MESSAGEFORM
PACE .. 'N
--E tQ~iA6313JIA RR RR . AT JJUUU L
Fro-TCG MCDEC QUANTICO VA
ToCG FIRST MARDIV
LNCLAS //N02000//
THIS MESSAGE DEMONSTRATES THAT EVEN THOUGH THE MESSAGE IS NOT ALIGNED
CORRECTLY IN THE TYPEWRITER, THE OCR CAN STILL PICK UP THE CHARACTERS
THAT ARE TYPED TO FAR TO THE LEFT.
NNNN
65'4321
0 DRAFTER TYPED NAME TITL OFFICE SYMBOL. PHONE II DATE SPEL.Al- NSIYHJCl o-~
!TyPL U NAME ATILL OFT IE YMOL AND PHUNE
- S~.TIRIj SCURTYCLA55F CAI ,DAlk .,GA
DD 'juL" 173 ocR 5,'140102 It 001 6000 T.O'TlTExhibit 7
113
RATUZYUw RU6JDFNOO@8 160851-UUUU-.ZNR UUUUU
R 130853Z JUN 18FM CG MCDEC QUANTICO VATO CG FIRST MAROIVSTUNCLAS //N2001//THIS MESSAGE DEMONSTRATES THAT EVEN THOUGH THE MESSAGE IS NOT ALIGNEDCORRECTLY IN THE TYPEARITER, THE OCR CAN STILL PICK UP THE CHARACTERSTHAT ARE TYPEO TO FAR TO THE LEFT,STell00
NNNN
Exhibit 7
114
JOINT MESSAGEFORM
PAA , F''f ....... .. 'T C > CTONS CENIE, CN.Y
01 01 11631L4 25 RR RR AT UUUU Z Y UU -
--CG FIRST MARDIV
1CA /N20/ To CG MCDEC QUANTICO VA
HIS MESSAGE WILL BE USED ITO DEMONSTRATE THAT EVEN THOUGH A MESSAGE
I S NOT DOUBLED SPACED AS IS IT SUPPOSE TO BE, THE OPTICAL CHARACTER
HARACTER READEKER IS STILL ABLE TO READ IT.
I HE REST OF THE MESSAGE IS MEANINGLESS EXCEPT THAT IT SHOWS THE
ARIATIONS IN SPACING BETWEEN LINES.f YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR
YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR
YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR
YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR
YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR
YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR
YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYiRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR
6 YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR514 YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYtRYR32 YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR10 YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRY NNNN
OISYB.
0 DRAF TEN TYPED NAME. TITLE. 0.G F ICE SYMBOL. PHONE & DATE 50ECIAL INSTH.JCTIONS
ITYPED NAME. TITLE. OFT CE SYUDOL AND PHONEt
DD '-"-I13(0"Si 0 0016 Exhibit 8
D U ) JL ~3 J >J SiN 10 01 AO T TT2TM
RATUZYUWu RUnJDFNB0009 16'1851-UUUU-RUEBJMA.ZNR UUUUUR 13085L4Z JUN 78FM CG FIRST MARDIVTO CG MCDEC QUANTICO VABTUNCLAS //NW2B0d/THIS MESSAGE iILL BE USED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT EVEN THOUGH A MESSAGE1S NOT DOUBLED SPACED AS IS IT SUPPOSE TO BE, THE OPTICAL CH4ARACTERCHARACTER READER IS STILL ABLE TO READ IT,THE REST OF THE MESSAGE IS MEANINGLESS EXCEPT THAT IT SHOmS THEVARIATIONS IN SPACING BEToEEN LINES.RYPYRYRYRYRYRYPYPRYRYRYRYRYRYRrYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYYR 'RYRYRYRYRYRYHRYRYRVRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRVRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYPYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR'rRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRRYP'RYRYRYRYPVPYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRVRYRVRRYRYRYRYYRRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR'RYRYRYRRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRRYRYRYRYRYRRYRYYPYRyYRYPRYRRRYRYRYRYRYPRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYK IRYRYRYRYPYRYRYRYRYRYRRYRYRYRYRRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRyRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYPYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRRYRYPYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR
PAGE 2 RUVYJDFN~00 UNCLASRYRYRYRYRYPRYRRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRyYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYR'RyRYST
Exhibit 8
116
JOINT MESSAGEFORM L~YWT
.oCG FIRST MAR DIV
ToCG FMF PAC
CrG FMF LANT
INFO CMC WASHINGTON D.C.
CG MCDEC QUANTICO VA.
63RD MAW NORTON A.F.B. CA.//CODE 339'4//
JNCLAS E F T 0 //N02255//
HIS MESSAGE IS USED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT ROUTING INDICATOR {RI}
SSIGNMENTS CAN BE MADE EVEN IF THE PLA'S DO NOT LINE UP {AT TAB STOP
26. NOTE ALSO THAT ONLY ALPHA CHARACTERS AND NUMERICS ARE USED TO
IND A MATCH IN THE PLEA/RI FILE. PUNCTUATION AND EXTRA SPACES IN
LA'S WILL NOT CAUSE THE PLA TO BE REJECTED OR REQUIRE OPERATOR
NTERVENTION TO EKEY IN A RI. ALSO, INTER-OFFIICE ROUTING CAN BE
ISTED IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE PLA. DOUBLED SLANT SIGNS ARE USED-
NNN
65L4
321
08*' TEA TYPELI NAME TITLE OFF CL SYMBOL PHONE & DATE SPECIAL INSTRUCI.ONIS
Sj>TPE7O N-A 1- TIILE OFFICE SVUJL UN. PHONI.
Jj ;NASECUR11T C CLSSl.CATION DT .. L0 0
D D 'Ju!7 173 OCR, S. No012 tvOOl 800o Ehii
117
PATEZYUo RUwJDFNOI 1640951-EEEE-RUAABBC RUEACMC RUEBJmA RUEOLFARUMQQA.ZNY EEEEEP 130952Z JUN 78FM CG FIRST MAR DIVTO RUHQMQA/CG FmF PACRuEOLFA/CG FVF LANT
INFO RUEACMC/CMC WASHINGTON D.C.RUEBJMA/CG MCDEC QUANTICO VA.RUAABBC/63RD MAW NORTON A.F,B. CA.//CODE 33qQ//
BTUNCLAS E F T 0 //f42255//
THIS MESSAGE IS USED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT ROUTING INDICATOR (RI)ASSIGNvENTS CAN BE MADE EVEN IF THE PLA'S DO NOT LINE UP (AT TAB ST:P
2b, NOTE ALSO THAT ONLY ALPHA CHARACTERS AND NUAEkICS APE USED TOFIND A MATC- IN THE PLA/kI FILE. PUNCTUATION AND EXTRA SPACES INPLAIS WILL NOT CAUSE THE PLA TO BE REJECTED OR REQUIRE OPEWATDO
INTERVENTION TO KEY IN A RI, ALSO, INTER-OFFICE ROUTING CAN BELISTED IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE PLA. DOUBLED SLANT SIGNS ARE USED.BT
NNNN
Exhibit 9
118
ACEPAGE 40 C (C!% C LMP CLASS dCr I FOR MESSAGE ClNYERlCOUMUNlICATIOS CENTER ON 1
OFO CG IRS MA DI
INF16 MCAS YUMA AZ
CMC WASHINGTON DC
6E flLZED NUIt.TAKO Y6
CG MCDEC dUANTICO VA
INCLAS IIN1122111
HE TYPIST ALSO HAS THE CAPABILITY TO DELETE AN ENTIRE LINE BY USING
WENTY OR MORE LONG DASHES. THESE ARE TYPED OVER THE CHARACTERS AS
HOWN BELOW:
IrNC 5 OF TIIE THCS WILL BE DELETED CENTS I MADF SO MA NY MISTEAKSSS.
HIS LINE WILL BE COPIED. NNNN
65'4
321
DRAFTER TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL. PHONE A DATE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBl AND PHONE
*SIGNATURE SECURITfY CLASFICATHON DAETEGRU
FD R 173 OR)S/Id 0102-0.001-6000 B*RI7Y-~ 20.61Exhibit 10,
119
PATUZYUA WUv-.JDFN8q8 IA 8 4-LdUU--RUEACMC RuEBJYA RueJIQA.
ZNR UUUUUP aq98'5Z JUN 78FM CG FIR5T MARDIV
INFO RUvJMRA/MCAS YUMA AZRUEACMC/CYC AASmINGTON DC
RuEbJVA/CG YCDEC QuANTICO VABTUNCLAS //NI1221//
THE TYPIST ALSO HAS THE CAPABILITY TO DELETE AN ENTIRE LINE BY USII G
TnENTY OR MORE LONG DASHES. THESE ARE TYPED OVER THE CHARACTERS ASSHO AN bELOh:
THIS LINE hILL BE COPIED,8 T
NNNN
Exhibit 10
120
I 5tL- 'Ct T !
JOINT MESSAGEFORM
. .. LY t ;f M A S C ? ME SA-tNE C L .. ........AC-*2 IJD1£ UUU ZYUW 2234
t1L~2D22~.00 RR AT - f]99r]LJZ J114 72,
Fo, NAVOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CA
TO CG FIRST MARDIV
INFO CG MCDEC QUANTICO VA
NCLAS //Nl1221//
HIS IS A TEST MESSAGE TO DEMONSTRATE AUTOMATIC EDITING OF TYPED
I THEREFORE, THE RELEASING AUTHORITY KNOWS THAT
NLY WHAT IS CONTAINEI
" tItAII jI'tittMITTED EXACTLY AS TYPED.
'HE REST OF THIS PAGE WILL BE MEANINGLESS.
SDF ASDF ASDF ASDF ASDF
BC ABC DEF DEF GHI GHI
Y RY RY RY RY RY RY RY
BCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234S67890
AA 668 CCC DDD EEE FFF GGG HHH III JJJ KKK LLL MuM NNN 000 PPP QQQ
RR SSS TTT UUU VVV WWU XXX YYY ZZZ
6 2 3 4 5 6 7 A 9 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 154 B C D E F G H I J K L M N 0 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z32 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 110 B C D E F G H I J K L M N 0 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
DR-A LR TYPD NAM-E TILE OFF IrE SYMBOL PHONE & DATE SPECIAL INSTRuCTIONS
ITTYPEL, NA-" TI O -F bY C. F-NUPYT-H T,
- ~,,'.A.IEISE-COR- TV CA Y C-TON DAE -IE GROUPT I
D , 73 S, N 0 2 , 001 60CC --R ... -... . iExhibit 11
121
Al
JOINT MESSAGEF08M
DD-J173 MESSAGE FORM1S- USING THIS MIETHOD THE ORIGINA~TOR CAN EDIT A
MESSAGE WITHOUT HAWING THE ENTIRE MESSAGE RETYPED. ALSO, THE RELEAS-
ING AUTHORITY IS ASSURED THAT THE MESSAGE WILL BE TRANSM1ITTED
EXAETL'YAS TYPtED. THrE REST OF THIS PAGE WILL BE
EXACTLY AS TYPED.
5
321
0
DR AF 'Lii TYF'LL N A"E TIT, E OF F CL -B-~f RP10N'.E UA'L %P
t TPTL-NA' L IEO~' A -MJ S MACJP-NL - -
DDt 'jo, 173"*.Ch S NOC2 1Ct Eh
122
JOIN~T MESSAGEFORM
12172 I6DlV12LU L k--AEA*O
HIS PAGE WILL BE.dtEANINGLESS ALSO-
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
ccccccc cc c C Cc cc cccccc cccc cccccc
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
FFFFFFFFFFFfFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
GG6GGGGG6GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
KKIKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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mmmmTmmFmmmmrmrmm!1mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmImm
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65'432
IST
aDRAFTER TYPED NAMAE. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL. PHONE & DATE SPECIL IN.STRUCTIONS
TYPED NAMAE. T TLE OFFICE SYMBOL AND PHONE
W SIGN*ATURE SECURITY CLASSIFICATION DATE TIME GROUP
D D ,UL,.3 173 lc S/N oio2 LF 0081T 6000 IA'-lAS IEXhibi t 1
123
OATUZYUA RUNJDFN2234 1640949-UUUU-RUEBJMA.ZNR UUUUU0 A 091902Z JUN 78FM NAVOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CATO RUMJDFN/CG FIRST MARDIVINFO RuEBJMA/CG MCDEC QUANTICO VA8BTUNCLAS //N11221//THIS IS A TEST MESSAGE TO DEMONSTRATE AUTOMATIC EDITING OF TYPEDDO-173 MESSAGE FORMS. USING THIS METHOD THE ORIGINATOR CAN EDIT AMESSAGE AITHOUT HAVING THE ENTIRE MESSAGE RETYPED. ALSO, THE RELEAS-ING AUTHORITY IS ASSURED THAT THE MESSAGE WiILL BE TRANSMITTEDEXACTLY AS TYPED.THE REST OF THIS PAGE MILL BE MEANINGLESS.ASOF ASOF ASDF ASDF ASDFABC ABC DEF DEF 0HZ GHIRy RY RY RY RY RY RY RYABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVAXYZI 23'4567890AAA 088 CCC DOD EEE FFF GGG HHH III JJJ KKKU LLL MMM NNN 000 PPP 000APR 35 TTT UtJU VVV Orn XXX YYY 212
2 3 a 5 7 8 9 09 87 6 5 3 21
PAGE 2 RUhwJDFN2234U LNCLAS
THIS PAGE wILL BE MEANINGLESS ALSO.AAAAA AAA AAAAAAAA AAA AAAAAA AA AAA AAAAAA
B08588888S888B8888B8B8888B88888888B8
DDDODDDDDDDDDDDDOODDDDDDDDDODODDDEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEFFF FFFFFFF FFF FF FFFFFFFF FFFFF FFF FF FF FGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHMHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
KKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKHKI KKKKKKKK
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
BT42234
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Exhibit 11
124
JOINT MIESSAGIEFORM I1T CSIFA.O
(C*O~~~Cs IF CAS C IC FOR MESSAGE CENTCA'COUMUNC*TON5 CENTERON-
so.. MESAL.4:u C INST RUCT .055
PO- CG FIRST MARDIV
TO CIS FMFPAC
JNCLAS //N02000/ /
HIS MESSAGE WILL BE USED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT LINEN DELETES AND
DITING OF MESSAGES CAN BE DONE FREE HAND.
44$0144HMITTED FROM THE TEXT OF THIS MESSAGE.
tdS tfNE Witt AtSO BE LEFT OUT OF THE TEXT OF THIS MIESSAGE.
HE REMAINDER OF THE TEXT ON THIS PAGE WILL BE MEANINGLESS.
YR YRYRYR YRYR YRYR YRYR YRYR YRYRYR YRY
B AB ABABABA BADAB A-A BABAB ADA DAB ABA B
YRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRY
BCD ABCD ADCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD
FGH EFGH EFGH EFGH EFGH EFGH EFGH
JKL IJKL IJKL IJKL IJKL IJKL IJKL
6 NOP MNOP MNOP MNOP MNOP MNOP MNOP54 RST QRST QRST QRST QRST QRST QRST32 VWx UVWx UVWX UVWX IJVWX UVWX UVWX
SZYZ YZ YZYZ YZ YZ YZ YZ YZ UVWX NNNN
D RAFTER TYPED NAE TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL. PMOTIE & GATE SPECIAL 1INSTRUJCTIONS
SINTR ECURITY CLASSIFICATION JDATE TIME GROUP
DD l. '7, 17 S/'$N 0102 IFO,= 6000 *,..-o* Exhibit 12
125
MESSAGE HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS
HIS PARAGRAPH (WJi&4u BE PLACED IN THE MESSAGE WHERE THE EDITING TOOK
ELACE. TO'
HIS SENTENCE WILL ALSO BE ADDED.
65'4321
0DISTR
0 DRAFTER TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL. PHONE 6 DATE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
TYPED NAME. TITLE OFFICE SYMBOL AND PHONE
-SIGNATURE SEUIYCASIIAIN DATE TIME GROUP
DD FO Lm 173 (OCR S/N OIO)LF.00160DO * . I-70A .IExhibit 12
126
RATUZYUaM RUvJDFNOIO 1 I6AO8SI-UUUU-RUmGhGA.
ZNR UUUUUI R 130855Z JUN 78Fm CG FIRST MARDIVTo CG FMFPACB TUNCLAS //N02000~//THIS MESSAGE AILL BE USED TO DEMONjSTPATE THAT LINE DELETES AND
EDITING OF MESSAGES CAN BE DONE FREE HAND.THIS PARAGRAPH AILL BE PLACED IN THE MESSAGE OHERE THE EDITING TOOK(
PLACE.THIS SENTENCE oILL ALSO BE ADDED.THE REYAINDER OF THE TEXT ON THIS PAGE vILL BE mEANINGLESS.A YRYRYRAYR VA VRYR VAYRYR YR YRYR TRYRYRY
ABAaABARABABABABA-AB3ABABA8ABABABABAYRYRYRYRYRYRYAYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYRYABCD ABCD AFCD ASCD ABCD ABCD ABCO
EFGH EFGH EFGH EFGH EFGH EFGH EFGHIJP(L IJ'(L IJ'(L IJKL IJK(L IJKL IJKLMNOP MNUP MNQIR MNOP MNDP MNOP MNOPQRST QRST QRST QRST QRST QAST ORSIUVA UVev* UV"wX UV..X UV.%X UVAX UVAX
PAGE 2 RUAJDFNVO10 UNCLAS
YZ YZ Yi Yi Vi Yi Yi YZ YZ YZ UVAXB T
I Exhibit 12
I 127
JOINT MESSAGEFORM
PALL-t &I, . . .. -C rCIR-,] .
FAA 0?- 40- -Rl lyu--- -
I
Po. CG FIRST MARDIV
ro CG FMFLANT
INFO CMC WASHINGTON DC
UNCLAS //N22563//
THE DD-173 HEADER LINE CONTAINS AN INVALID ACTION PRECEDENCE.
HEADER ERRORS ARE CORRECTED BY THE OPERATOR VIA THE KEYBOARD
DISPLAY TERMINAL.
NNNN
6543210
OlSIA
DRA TLR TYfLO NAME. TITLE. OFF ICE SYMBOL... PHONE & DATE SPECIAL ISTA*: I IONS
TYPED NAME. TITLE OFFICE SYMBOL AND PHONE
* S.GNATURL S<IIT C LAS-S, ,C*T> A IDA ILI'L
DD Fo.RML: 1 73 (OCR,D D ',uL 73 S/IN.of f 01 0 1o 6000 , F Co TT Exhibit 13
128
OATUZYU4 RUWJDFN0003 ibQe8'7-UUUU-RUEACMC RUEOLFA.ZNR UUUUU0 R 130848Z JUN 78FM CG FIRST MARDIVTO RUEOLFA/CG FMFLANTINFO RUEACMC/CMC mASHINGTON DC
STUNCLAS //N22563//
THE DD-173 HEADER LINE CONTAINS AN INVALID ACTION PRECEDENCE.HEADER ERRORS ARE CORRECTED BY THE OPERATOR VIA THE KEYBOARDDISPLAY TERMINAL.
UT*003
NNNN
Exhibit 13
129
pso. CG FIRST MARDIV
TO! CMIO SAN DIEGO CA
INFO CMC WASHINGTON DC
CG MCDEC QUANTICO VA
C 0 N F I D E N T I A L //NIl2343//
NO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION IS CONTAINED IN THIS TEST MESSAGE.
THIS MESSAGE HAS A SECURITY EMISMATCH. THE TEXT CLASSIFICATION DOES
NOT AGREE WITH THE DD-173 HEADER LINE, SO THE MESSAGE WILL BE
AUTOMATICALLY ABORTED.
NNNN
65'4321a
DIS TI.
0 DRAFTER TYPED NAME. TITLE. OFFICE SYMBOL. PHONE aDATE SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
*TYPED NAME. TITLE. OF CE SyE~bOL AND PHONE
S'GNA-URE SiECURITV CLASSOFOCATON DT Td GROUP
D D 'JO, 173 1OCR' S/N CIO2-tF.OO01OO*.6000,o * Exhibit 14
130
II
I
PATCZYUA RU.JDF.,522 1b4847-CCCC-PuEACMC RUEBJMA RUNDXAA,ZY CCCCCP 09t736 JUN 78'V CG FIRST 'AAPOIV
TO RuoDXAA/CmIO SA', DIEGj CAINFO RuEACMC/CAC AAS-INGTO% DCRuE,3JMA/CG 11-CDEC IUANTICO VA3 T
U 0 N F I 0 E N T I A L //N123 3//
%0 CLASSIFIED IFORvATION IS CONTAINED IN TMIS TEST mESSAGE.THIS MESSAG -AS A SECURITY ISVATC,. THE TEXT CLASSIFICATION DOES%OT AGREE ,,IT- THE OD-173 HEADER LINE, SO THE mESSAGE ?AILL BEAUTUUATICALLY ABORTED.B T
Exhibit 14
131
JOINT MESSAGEFORM I
1 . I631055 PP RR -AT JUUU ZYuL
NAVOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CA
To CG FIRST MARDIV
CG MCB CAMP PENDLETON CA
INFO CMC WASHINGTON D.C.
ZEN/CG MCDEC QUANTICO VA
AFCEA WASHINGTON DC
MARBKS WASHINGTON DC
DA WASHINGTON DC
JNCLAS//N22113//
[F A PLA IS NOT CONTAINED IN THE PLA/RI FILE, THE OPERATOR IS ASKED
rO SUPPLY A ROUTING INDICATOR AND ASSOCIATED CLASSIFICATION
HARACTER, USE THE INTERCEPT RI, OR INDICATE ZEN FOR THAT PLA.
6
5
32
1
[,FA, T ,4Pk: N-1J TITt F OF F 'L S-U- 6. Pr,.A. . DA p2 . NSU hOC
DD .L".. 173 OCR,,. 73 s.,,,o~C2 ,, 0 c:a O .. .. "- 3xhibit 15
132
PATUZYU. RU;,JDFN~r',4 lbu08u8-UUUU--RLJAFCEA RUEACMC Ruv.JDFC,
ZNR UUuuuP R 130849qZ JUN 78
FMA NAVOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CATo RUAJDFWCG IR2< 'AARDIVRo.vJDFC/CG MC CAMP PENDLETON CA
INFO RuEACVC/C'C .AS-INGTON D.C.
ZEN/C5 YCJ)E: CDUA\TIC0 VARuAFCEA/AFCEA A&SMINGTON. DC
ZEN/mAO995( AASHINGTON DC
RU.AJDFC/DA "AS).INGTON DC
8 TJNCL AS//N22 13//
IF A PLA IS %3T CONTAINED IN THE PLA/RI FILE, THE OPERATOR IS ASKED
TO SUPPLY A RCUTIIC INDICATJR AND ASSOCIATED CLASSIFICATION
CHARACTER~, USE THE INTERCEPT RI, OR INDICATE ZL% FOR THAT PLA.8 T
Exhibit IE
I 133
J O IN T M E S S A G E F O R M SEC LFRTT C C SSII IC AIO O
O .CClO4CBi LMF CLASS CIC FOR MESSAG( CENTER/COAUNC&TO.S CC NTE A CN.
21 0- PP RR_ ___ UUU Y U".. .. . -
MESSAGE TANOL.NG INS7R.XTJONS
FROM NAVOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CA
TO: CG FIRST MARDIV
INFO CMC WASHINGTON, DC
CG MCDEC QUANTICO, VA
CG MCB CAMP PENDLETON CA
UNCLAS //N02000//
AMES IS CAPABLE OF FALLBACK TO A DEGRADED MODE OF OPERATION USING AN
ALTERNATE MESSAGE ENTIRY CAPABILITY IN THE EVENT OF FAILURE TO THE
OCR SCANNING UNIT. IF ONLY THE SCANNING UNIT BECOMES INOPERATIVE,
THE SYSTEM FIRMWARE IS CAPABLE OF ACCEPTING DD-173 FORMAT MESSAGES
FROM THE KDT AND PERFORMING THE PROCESSING AND PREPARATION FUNCTIONS
FOR TRANSMISSION VIA AUTODIN AND/OR PAPER TAPE. AMES RETAINS THE
CAPABILITY TO OUTPUT MESSAGES TO THE AN/TYC-5A AIU OR TO THE PTP
SHOULD FAILURE OCCUR TO THE CMTU AND/OR LP.
NNNN
6
543210
DRAFTER TYPED NAME TITLE OFF ICE SYMBOL. PHONE & DATE SAECIAL INSTRUCIIONS
TvPLD NA L TO LE -OF f ICE SVWMU iL ANtI PHUNI
SECURTY CLASSIF CATON ]DATE T"MEL ORoF'
DD ju,, 173 OCR S/NOTO; F 00, 60o0 Page . . , .. Exhibit 16
134
A&I
I
II
PATUZYUo RUAJDFN002 t64846-UUUU-RUEACMC RUEBJMA RUJDFC,ZNR UUUUU
P R 130847Z JUN 78FM NAVOCEANSYSCEN SAN DIEGO CA
TO RUvJDFN/CG FIRST MA4DIVINFO RUEACMC/CMC MASMINGTON, DCRUEBJMA/CG MCDEC GUANTICO, VA
RUmJDFC/CG mC8 CAMP PENDLETON CA
8TUNCLAS //NO2000//AMES IS CAPABLE OF FALLBACK TO A DEGRADED MODE OF OPERATION USING AN
ALTERNATE MESSAGE ENTkY CAPABILITY IN THE EVENT OF FAILURE TO THEOCR SCANNING UNIT. IF ONLY THE SCANNING UNIT BECOMES INOPERATIVE,THE SYSTEM FIRMAARE IS CAPABLE OF ACCEPTING DD-173 FORMAT MESSAGESFROM THE KDT AND PERFOR"ING THE PROCESSING AND PREPARATION FUNCTIONSFO TRANSMISSION VIA AUTODIN AND/OR PAPER TAPE. AMES RETAINS THE
CAPABILITY TO OUTPUT MESSAGES TO THE AN/TYC-5A AIU OR TO THE PTPSHOULD FAILURE OCCUR TO THE CMTU ANO/OR LP.BT
40002
NNNN
Exhibit 16
135
ATTACHMENT B
ANNOTATED BRIEFING OUTLINE OFTHE FINAL STUDY REPORT
136
ANNOTATED BRIEFING OUTLINEOF THE
FINAL STUDY REPORTON
NAVAL OUTGOING MESSAGE PROCESSING
A STUDY OF MESSAGE GENERATION AND MESSAGE PREPARATIONFOR TRANSMISSION AND THE IMPACT OF AUTOMATION
Study objectives
A. Analyze the impact of automation on the naval outgoing message process
B. Analyze the impact of media selection on message generation and preparation
C. Develop conceptual message generation and preparation systems
I. Various levels of automation
2. Various choices of media
D. Develop an equipment data base and project system costs
II. Study background
A. In response to NSAP tasking (SURP-1-78)
B. Outgrowth of previous NSAP tasking (TII-2 75)
I. Automated message preparation feasibility study on USS OKLAHOMACITY (May 76)
2. Subsequent request to retain feasibility system by OKLAIIOMA CITY(July 77)
3. Additional request by USS KITTY HAWK to obtain automated messageentry system (June 78)
III. Background
A. NOSC Code 8125 charter
I. Plans, manages and executes system development projects from requiie-ments. through design and development, to installation and support ofMarine Corps and Special Systems
2. Translates mission requirements to system requirements, develops perfor-mance requirements; performs studies: allocates functions to hardware,software and procedure; synthesizes design solutions: conducts trade-offanalyses: designs and tests systems: designs and develops associatedhardware, software and firmware
ATTACHMENT B
137
B. NOSC Code 8125 related tasking
1. Development of O ,, selection criteria and industry survey of OCRE
(selection report Sept 74)
2. Development of AMES feasibility model and field evaluation for USMC(evaluation report May 76)
3. Development of shipboard AMP'OCR entry system and feasibility testingon USS OKLAHOMA CITY (test report - Nov 76)
4. Assembly and field demonstration of an AMES feasibility model toUSAREUR (Sept 77)
5. Development of AMES ADM for USMC (ADM & documentationMar 78)
6. OPEVAL of AMES ADM by I ST MARDIV (test report July 78)
7. Field testing of AMES ADM by USAREUR - (Sept 78)
8. Development of AMES system (Type A) and OCR equipment(Type C2A) specifications - (specifications - Oct 78)
9. Study of automated message preparation systems and message entrydevices for Navy shipboard application - (study report - Nov 78)
IV. Study approach
A. Delineate the naval outgoing message process
B. Define the message generation and preparation functions
C. Analyze the functions in regard to automation
D. Recommend candidates for automation
E. Recommend message generation media
F. Develop conceptual systems
G. Project system costs
V. Automation goals
A. Improve message throughput
B. Decrease writer to reader time
C. Reduce or eliminate message preparation errors
D. Reduce personnel requirements
E. Reduce skill levels
ATTACHMENT B
138
IVI. Study definitions
A. Message generation study
I. Message composition station
2. Message entry device
3. Media
B. Message preparation system
C. Message transmission system
VII. Message generation functions
A. Rough draft
B. Draft
C. Edit
D. Chop
E. Coordinate
F. Final approval
G. Release
VIII. Narrative message composition
A. Consists of:
1. Rough draft - writing down thoughts/data in rough form
2. Draft - conversion of rough drafts to message generation process formsand formats
3. Edit - receipt and incorporation of proposed/directed changes and
corrections
B. Automation candidates - basic
I. Character erase/overwrite, delete, insert
2. Line delete, insert
3. Paragraph delete, insert
C. Automation candidates -- advanced
I. Message storage
2. Word search
3. Search and replace, delete
ATTACHMENT 13
139
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4. Word wrap, page wrap
5. Automatic paging
6. Interactive prompting
7. Input data validation
D. Equipment costs
I. Typew riter ....................................... S800/unit
2. Smart typewriter (commercial grade) ................... S5K/unit
3. Word processing system (commercial) ................... S I5K/unit
4. Militarized message composition aid .................... Sl00K/unit
a. KDTb. Processorc. Printerd. Off-line storage
E. Conclusions
1. Basic automation aids are cost effective and desirable
2. A typewriter can provide the basic automation aids if correction pages areused: allows changes to message without message retype
3. Advanced automation aids are not cost effective when used for routinemessage traffic except in a fully automated ship
4. Advanced automation aids are cost effective when the time spent formessage composition is significant and their distribution within the shipis limited to one or two locations
IX. Pro forma message composition
A. Consists of:
1. Insertion of data into blanks of rigidly specified message formats
2. Frequent and periodic transmission for data transfer to computerprocessing systems
B. Automation candidates
1. Interactive prompting
2. Input data validation
3. Canned message storage
4. Canned message maintenance
5. Message storage
6. Writer need only specify the type of message and provide the datato be inserted
ATTACHMENT B
141
C. Equipment costs
I. MIL SPEC stand-alone system ....................... . SI 00K/unit
a. KDTb. Processorc. Off-line storaged. Printer
2. As part of the automated messagepreparation system ...................... Very small additional costs
D. Conclusions
1. This is a prime area for automation
2. Cost effective only if centrally located and part of an automated messagepreparation system
X. Chop and coordinate
A. Consists of:
1. Review and approval by the chain of command2. Disclosure of message to interested parties
B. Analysis
I. Involves mostly human functions
a. Readingb. Making/suggesting changesc. Routing
2. Requires hard copy for mark up
3. Not easily or effectively automated
XI. Approval and release
A. Consists of:
I. Formal authorized permission for message transmission by command
2. Transfer of message from the release authority to the communicationscenter
B. Analysis
I. Involves mostly human functions
a. Readingb. Making/suggesting changesc. Indicating approval (signature or code)d. Routing
ATTACHMENT B
142
2. [lectrical routing to/from approval station may be cost effective
3. Not easily or effectively automated
XII. Media candidates
A. Visual (typed or printed forms)
B. Magnetic (cards, disks, tapes, etc.)
C. Electrical (hard wired)
XII. Media evaluation
A. Typewritten page
1. Human and machine readable (using an OCR)
2. Media cost is low ($0.01 per page)
3. Equipment cost for one MCS is comparatively low (starts at S800)
4. Requires comparatively little operator training time
5. Additional equipment is not required for chop, coordination orrelease stations
6. Present security procedures apply
7. Readers are available and suitable
B. Optical character readers (OCR)
1. Commercial OCRs cost about $25K; MIL SPEC OCRs are not available
2. Size and weight are suitable for carry-on installation
3. State-of-the-art OCRs can tolerate (within reasonable limits)
a. Coffee stained, coke stained, wrinkled or dirty pagesb. Smudged or touching charactersc. Uneven character and line spacingd. Uneven character print densitye. Variations in character stroke widthsf. Cloth ribbonsg. Type from manual OCR font typewritersh. Skewed or misaligned characters or linesi. Page misalignment within the typewriter
4. Data integrity of OCRs is several orders of magnitude higher than thatafforded by the present manual preparation system
5. Page throughput is approximately 5/minute
6. OCRs have wide use and acceptance
ATTACHMENT B
143
C. Magnetic media
I. Require appropriate reading-display/print device at all "read" locations
2. Equipment costs per MCS start at $7,000
3. MCS operator would require special training
4. Equipment costs for each message chop, coordination or releasc stationare the same as those for one MCS
5. New security procedures are required
6. These media best suited for mass storage of messages
D. Electrical media
1. Require appropriate reading-display/print device at all "read" stations
2. Require installation of TEMPEST approved cables
3. Equipment cost for one MCS starts at $5,000
4. Equipment costs for each message chop, coordination or release stationare the same as those for one MCS
5. Special training is required for the MCS operator
6. Require security-approved equipment, spaces and safeguards formessage protection
E. Media cost comparison
See Table ABI.
XIV. Media evaluation conclusions
A. The visual (typed or printed page) media are the media of choice for all butthe fully automated ship
B. Magnetic media are good for mass message storage; not well suited to theprocessing of outgoing messages
C. Electrical is the media of choice on the fully automated ship; electrical mediacannot be justified on the basis of automated processing of outgoing messagetraffic only
XV. Media recommendations
A. Retain type-on-paper as prime medium for all but the fully automated ship
B. Consider electrical routing for high volume, high precedence message trafficbetween prespecified parties
C. Use electrical media on the fully automated ship
ATTACHMENT B
144
I
Table ABI. Media cost comparison.
COST ESTIMATE COST ESTIMATE PERMEDIA PER UNIT 500 MESSAGES(1)
Typewritten page $0.01/page S10
Magnetic ( 2 )
5-1/4 inch floppy disk S 7.00/disk S 1,750
8 inch floppy disk 8.50/disk 2,125
Hard disk 80.00/disk 20,000
Tape cassette 7.00/cassette 1,750
Tape mini-cartridge 18.00/cartridge 4,500
Tape cartridge 19.00/cartridge 4,750
Card 1.00/card 250
Paper tape (3 ) S 0.50/roll $ 6.25
Electrical (4 ) Very low Very low
NOTES:
I. This represents roughly 10 days of message traffic based on USS OKLAHOMA CITY data.
2. Based on one message/unit, 50 messages/day, an average message length of 2 100 characters,and the media, where applicable, is available for reuse once every 5 days; security problemsassociated with reusing the media are not considered.
3. Assumes an efficiency use of 40 messages/roll.
4. One time cable installation costs will be considerable.
XVI. Automation recommendations
A. Retain the typewriter as the prime message composition station for all but thefully automated ship
B. Provide a centralized pro forma message generation device
C. Judiciously provide a few commercial grade smart typewriters at high volume,
narrative message generation centers
D. Use fully automated message composition stations on the fully automated ship
XVII. Message preparation functions
A. Accept
B. Prepare
C. Transmit
D. Backroute ATTACHMENT B
145
E. File
F. Ancillary
XVIII. Message preparation functions analysis
A. Message acceptance
1. Paper is the most desirable medium
a. Message must be logged and verifiedb. Message must be inspectedc. Special handling may be required
2. Automation is not cost effective
a. Reader/display requiredb. Mostly human involvement required
B. Preparation for transmission
I. Automation can greatly benefit this function $a. Improves accuracyb. Reduces preparation timec. Reduces personnel
2. Candidates for automation
a. Assign and log unique DTGb. Validate message parametersc. Determine format and delivery circuitd. Assign routing indicatorse. Prepare message in correct format and LMFf. Place message in proper outgoing queue
C. Message transmission
I. Requires interconnect of an automated message preparation system toan automated communications center
2. Requires development of software to control the interface properly
3. Automation makes sense in conjunction with an automatedcommunication system such as NAVMACS
D. Message backrouting
1. Cost effective candidates for automation
a. Determine recipientsb. Duplicate, collate and slot
ATTACHMENT B
146
I
2. Automation of the delivery function is cost effective only on the fullyautomated platform
a. Implies electrical routingb. High cost for benefit
3. Should be integrated to a MRDIS or equivalent if available
E. Ancillary functions
1. File maintenance
a. Prime area for automationb. Preferred medium is magnetic
2. Customer requests
a. Prime area for automation assistanceb. Access to data base is the primary task to be automated
3. Record keeping and report generation is prime area for automation/automation assistance
4. File destructiona. Highly dependent on file mediab. Not prime for automation
XIX. AMPS - Level I
A. Automated functions:
1. Input DD-173 (or equivalent) via:
a. Media readerb. Paper tape reader (fallback mode)c. Local and remote KDTs
2. Validate header and classification information
3. Assign DTG, SSN and/or TOF (automatically or manually)
4. Convert message into either plaindress or abbreviated plaindress forACP 126 modified
5. Semi-automatically section the message
6. Output formatted message:
a. Electrically over a cable to NAVMACSb. To PTP in either ITA#2 or ASCII
7. Provide proof of transmission copy and/or journal log
8. Compile message statistics
9. Permit editing of the message through use of correction pages
10. Provide query/response interaction with the operator
a. System controlb. System parameter selectionc. Header field editing/correction
11. Provide on-line and off-line system self-test features
ATTACHMENT B
147
B. System Costs
MAGNETIC VISUAL I-LECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT TYPE, NOMENCLATURE MEDIA MEDIA MEDIA
AND UNIT COST QTY COST QTY COST QTY COST
CPU, $30K I S 30K 1 S 30K
CPU. AN/AYK-14(V)
CPU, AN/UYK-7, $550K
CPU, ANUYK-7. $865K
KDT. AN/USQ-69. $16K 2 32K 2 32K
PTR/P, RD-397/U. $17K 1 17K 1 17K
LP, TT-624(V)/UG, S23K 1 23K 1 23K
CMTU, AN/USH-26(V). $23K
MTU. RD-358, S125K
MDU. RD-281/UYK, $400K
PCR, $20K
OCR, $50K 1 50K
MMMVT. S66K 1 66K
EMMVT, AN/USQ-69, S16K
MMMCT, $89K 2 178K
VMMCT, SELECTRIC 11. $1K 4 4K
AN/USQ-69, EMMCT. TT-624(V)/UG, S39K
MMR, 520K 1 20K
MRDIS, $125K
COST SUMMARIES
BASIC SYSTEM HARDWARE 366K 156K
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTAND DOCUMENTATION 200K 200K
SYSTEM DESIGN * *
SYSTEM ASSEMBLY * *
SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND TESTING * *
SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION * *
SYSTEM INSTALLATION * *
LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT * *
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COSTS 566K 356K
*Unknown
ATTACHMENT B
148
• •
C. Concia.sions
I. Low cost. low risk
2. Automates the processing of 80-90% of typical outgoing message traffic
3. Suitable for small ships
4. Significant enhancement even to large ships
XX. AMPS - Level II
A. Automated functions:
1. Includes all of the capabilities of AMPS 1
2. Validate addressee and verify classification information
3. Assign an RI to each PLA according to:
a. Message security classificationb. Output format
4. Assign the required Rls to each AIG
5. Permit message handling instructions to be added to format header lines
6. Convert message into either plaindress or abbreviated plaindress for:
a. JANAP 128b. ACP 127c. ACP 126
7. Create separate history and journal file for all messages transferred toNAVMACS and/or the PTP
8. Provide non volatile file storage for a minimum of:
a. 200 PLAs and corresponding RIsb. 5 AIGs and associated Rls
9. Provide off-line message retrieval from history file
a. Retrieval parameters are DTG, SSN, and/or TOFb. Output retrieved message to the LP and/or PTP
10. Provide off-line retrieval from the journal file to obtain a hardcopyprintout of an entire day's log
ATTACHMENT B
149
. • I II IIIiA
B. System Costs
MAGNITI( VISt\I. I LI CTRICAI.
EQUIPMENT TYPE-. NOMENCLATURE MEDIA MEIDIA %lI)1A
AND UNIT COST QTY COST QTY COST QTY (ST
CPU, S30K
CPU, AN/AYK-14(V) I s 60K i S O0K
CPU, AN/UYK-7. S550K
(PU, AN/UYK-7. S865K
KDT. AN/USQ-69, SI6K 2 32K 2 32K
PTR/P, RD-397/U, SI7K I 17K I 17K
LP. TT-624(V)/UG, S23K 1 23K 1 23K
CMTU. AN/USH-26(V). S23K 1 23K 1 23K
MTU. RD-358, S125K
MI)U. RD-281/UYK, S400K
PCR, S20K
OCR, S5OK 1 50K
MMMVT. S66K I 06K
EMMVT, AN/USQ-69, $16K
MMMCT, $89K 3 267K
VMMCT, SELECTRIC 11, SIK 6 6K
AN/USQ-69, EMMCT, TT-624(V)/UG. S3L)K
MMR, $20K I 20K
MRDIS, $125K
COST SUMMARIES
BASIC SYSTEM HARDWARE 508K 211 K
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTAND DOCUMENTATION 400K 400K
SYSTEM DESIGN * *
SYSTEM ASSEMBLY*
SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND TESTING * *
SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION * *
SYSTEM INSTALLATION * *
LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT * *
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COSTS 908K 611 K
*Unknown
ATTACHMENT B
150
C. "oflc)-SIOfls
1. Moderate cost, low risk
2. Automates the processing of 90Q of typical outgoing message traffic
3. Suitable for medium to large ships
4. Most cost effective system
XXI. AMPS Level Ill
A. Automated functions:
1. Includes all the capabilities of AMPS I and II2. Input DD-1 73 (or equivalent) formatted messages via:
a. Punched card reader or magnetic media reader (remote or local)b. Additional local KDT
3. Assign an RI to each PLA according to the:
a. LMF of the messageb. Delivery circuit required for transmission
4. Add message handling instructions to the format header lines based onrouting information contained in the PLA/RI file
Segment the message
6. Section the message
7. Convert input message into JANAP I 2 or ACP 126 modified datapattern upon request
8. Determine format and delivery circuit and place formatted message inproper outgoing queue by precedence
9. Retrieve message from outgoing queue (FIFO by precedence) andtransmit over the proper delivery circuit
10. Obtain acknowledgement for the message and log transmission orcancellation time
11. Retrieve messages from the history file based on any one or any combin-ation of DTG, SSN, TOF and originator's PLA
12. Provide capability to modify and automatically retransmit a messagecontained in the history file
13. Provide capability to automatically readdress a message contained in thehistory file
14. Compile detailed message statistics for the ourpose of automaticallygenerating on-ship and off-ship communicitions reports or messages
15. Generate pro forma messages
a. Accept and insert input datab. Storage of 50 canned message formats
16. Determine recipients of backrouted nessage
17. Prepare copies of message to be backrouted
a. Duplicateb. Collatec. Slot
ATTACHMENT B
151
I , , , I - - - -
B. System Costs
MAGNETIC VISUAL 1 LICTRICAL
EQUIPMNT TYPE. NOMENCLATURE MEDIA MIL)IA MIII )IA
A.D UNIT COST QTY COST QTY COST QTY (08s-r
CPU. S30K
CPU. AN'AYK-14(V)
CPU. AN/UYK-7. S550K I S 550K I S 550K
CPU. AN/UYK-7. S865K
KDT, AN/USQ-69, SI6K 3 48K 3 48K
PTR/P. RD-397/U. S17K I 17K I 17K
LP. TT-624(V)/UG, S23K 1 23K 1 23K
CMTU. AN/USH-26(V), S23K
MTU, RD-358, SI25K I 125K I 125K
MDU. RD-281/UYK. S400K I 400K I 400K
PCR. S20K I 20K 1 20K
OCR, S50K I 50K
MMMVT, S66K 2 132K
[MMVT, AN/USQ-69, S16K
MMMCT, S89K 6 534K
VMMCT. SELECTRIC 11, SIK 12 12K
AN/USQ-69, [MMCT. TT-624(V)/UG, 539K
MMR. S20K.2 40K 1 20K
MRDIS. S125K 1 125K 125K
COST SUMMARIES
BASIC SYSTEM HARDWARE 2014K 1390K
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTAND DOCUMENTATION 1500K 1500K
SYSTFM DESIGN * *
SYSTEM ASSEMBLY*
SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND TESTING * *
SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION * *
SYSTEM INSTALLATION * *
LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT * *
IIARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COSTS 35 14K 1890K
*Unknown
ATTACHMENT B
152
I
C. Conclusions
I High cost, low to moderate risk
2. Automates the processing of essentially all outgoing message traffic
3. Suitable for large ships
4. Provides only a small increase in capability over AMPS II at considerableincrease in cost
XXII. AMPS - LEVEL IV
A. Automated functions:
I . Includes all of the capabilities of AMPS I, AMPS 11 and AMPS Ill
2. Input DD-173 (or equivalent) formatted messages via:
a. Two local KDTsb. Eight (maximum) remote KDTs
3. Remote KDTs also capable of:a. Message generation furctionsb. Customer request
4. Automate the acceptance function
a. Observe message precedence and handle accordinglyb. Ensure message has been properly staffedc. Check for a valid release authorityd. Log receipt time
5. Distribute/deliver backrouted message copies and rkiuested message filecopies to the proper remote LP (up to 13 LPs)
6. Provide security safeguards to ensure that remote KTDs and LPs. as wellas their operators are cleared to handle classified messages
ATTACIHM [NT B
1153
I
140
13. System (osts
MAGNETIC VISUAL I ILEICTRICAL
I;QUIPMINT TYPL, NOMENCLATURE MEDIA MEDIA MEI)IAI
AND UNIT COST QTY COST QTY COST QTY ICOST
CPU. S30K
CPU.AN/AYK-] 4(V)
CPU, AN/UYK-7, S550K
CPU. AN/UYK-7, S865K I S 865K
KDf. AN/USQ-69, $16K 3 48K
PTR/P. RD-397/U, Si7K I 17K
LP. TT-624(V)!UG, $23K 6 138K
CMTU. AN/USH-26(V), S23K
MTU, RD-358, S125K 1 125K
MDU. RD-281/UYK, $400K 1 400K
PCR, S20K I 20K
OCR, S50K
MMMVT, $66K
EMMVT. AN/USQ-69, S I6K 2 32K
MMMCT, S89K
VMMCT. SELECTRIC 11. SIK
AN/USQ-69, EMMCT, TT-624(V)/UG. $39K 8 312K
MMR, $20K 1 20K
MRDIS, $125K
COST SUMMARIES
BASIC SYSTEM HARDWARE 1977K
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTAND DOCUMENTATION 3000K
SYSTEM DESIGN _ _1
SYSTEM ASSEMBLY *
SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND TESTING *
SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION *_
SYSTEM INSTALLATION *
LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT *
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COSTS 4977K
*Unknown
ATTACHMENT B
154
J
C. Conclusions
I . Very high cost, moderate risk
2. Automates all message preparation functions
3. Practical only on fully automated ships
XXIII. Summary
A. The visual media are familiar and comfortable present procedures - securityand otherwise - apply: damaged media data recovery is high; readers are avail-able and suitable; well suited to the outgoing message process
B. Magnetic media are well suited to mass message storage; not well suited to themessage generation or preparation process
C. Electrical media are cost effective only on the fully automated ship
D. Message generation functions, with the exception of composition aids, tend notto be candidates for automation
E. Message preparation functions, in general, tend to be high payoff candidatesfor automation
XXIV. Recommendations
A. Automate all message generation and preparation functions and use electricalmedia only on the fully aatomated ship
B. Otherwise
1. Use type or print on paper as the prime message medium
2. Retain the typewriter as the prime message composition station
3. Provide a few judiciously located smart typewriters for high volumestations
4. Provide electrical routing between a few prespecified stations for highvolume, high precedence traffic
5. Provide all but the fully automated ship with an AMPS Level II system -upgraded or downgraded as appropriate
ATTACHMENT B
155
UA
INIT.AL DISTRIBUTION
COMMANDING GENERAL, FLEET COMMANDER SECOND FLEETMARINE FORCE, ATLANTIC NSAP ADVISOR
NSAP LAB REP
COMMANDER NAVAL AIR FORCEMARINE CORPS TACTICAL SYSTEMS U.S. A rLANTIC FL EE1
SUPPORT ACTIVITY NSAP ADVISORNSAP LAB REP
COMMANDER SUBMARINE FORCE,CTF-60 U S. Al LL ,JTIC FLEET
NSAP LAB REP NSAP ADVISOR
U. S. PACIFIC FLEETCTF-69 NSAP ADVISOR 5;
NSAP LAB REP
COMMANDER NAVAL SURFACE FORCE.WHITE OAK LABORATORY j.S. ATlA4T!C FLEETNAVAL SURFACE WEAPONS CENTER NSAP ADVISOR
D23 (NSAP DIRECTOR) (2) U.S. PACIFIC FLEET
DIRECTOR OF NAVY LABORATORIES NSAP ADVISOR
08T1 (2)082 2) COMMAND ERMINE WARFARE COMMAND
NAVAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS COMMAND NSAP ADVISOREEX-05 121.. ELEX-5 (2) COMMANDER OPERATIONAL TES] AND
EVALUATION FORCE
CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS NSAP ADVISOR
4 (COMMANDER IN CHIEF U.S.COMNDER-SIXT (21)SPADIO
COMMANDER SIXTH FLEET ATLANTIC FLEET
NSAP ADVISOR NSAP ADVISOR
MARINE CORPS DEVELOPMENT ANDCOMMANDER SEVENTH FLEET EAIN CO MMN
NSAP ADVISOR EDUCATION COMMANDNSAP ADVISOR
COMMANDER THIRD FLEETCOMMNAD IRD FDEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER (12)NSAP ADVISOR
I
I..
DATE1LM E
