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-Meenu A M
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Outline
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IntroductionTechnologies
Laws regarding DRM
Controversy
ShortcomingsConclusion
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Introduction
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DRM controls the use of digital content
Preventing access, copying or conversion to other formats
by end users
Digital media files may be duplicated an unlimited number of
times
Digital piracy-Internet and popular file sharing tools, has
made unauthorized distribution of copies
DRM disallow copyright infringements
DRM is implemented byonline music stores
e-book publishers
television producers
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Technologies
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DRM and film
DRM and television
DRM and musicComputer games
E-books
DRM and documents
WatermarksMetadata
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DRM and film
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Content Scrambling System (CSS) employed by the DVD Forum since 1996
Simple encryption algorithm
License agreementsDeCSS by Jon Lech Johansen in 1999
Protected Media Path by Windows Vista
Protected Video Path (PVP)
PVP can encrypt information during transmission to the monitor
Advanced Access Content System (AACS) by AACSLicensingAdministrator
Used by Intel
Microsoft
IBM
Toshiba
Sony
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DRM andtelevision
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The CableCard standard
The Broadcast flag concept
Supported by Federal Communications
Commission (FCC)Obey specification determining whether or not a
stream can be recorded
Block time-shifting
It was adopted by Digital Video Broadcasting
Project (DVB)
Content Protection and Copy Management (CPCM)
An updated variant of the broadcast flag
It was developed in private
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DRM andmusic
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Audio CDs
Discs with DRM schemes could not be played on all CD players
Sony's DRM software
Root kitHolding shift key or disabling autorun
Abolish DRM completely
Internet music
The iTunes run by Apple
Napster music store
Wal-Mart Music Downloads
"Connect" run by Sony
Kazaa
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Computergames
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To limit the number of systems the game can be installedMass Effect in mid 2008 using DRM
Spore in 2008 using DRM
Prince of Persia by Ubisoft in late 2008Anno 1404
James Cameron's Avatar
The Sims 3byElectronic Arts in June 2009
Silent Hunter 5 by Ubisoft using Uplay authentication
The Settlers 7
Assassin's Creed 2
Uplay servers suffered by DDoS attack (Distributed Denial-of-Serviceattack)
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E-books
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DRM restrictions to limit copying, printing, and sharing of e-books
Main e book formats at present :
Mobipocket
Topaz
ePubPDF
Main e book DRM schemes at present :
Adobe's Adept DRM
Apples Fairplay DRM
Barnes & Noble
AmazonTwo software programs to view e-books :
Adobe Acrobat e-book Reader
Microsoft Reader sealed , inscribed and owner exclusive e books
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DRM anddocuments
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Documents such as
Microsoft Word
AutoCAD files
emails
intranet web pages
Enterprise digital rights management (E-DRM orERM)
Commonly known as IRM (Information Rights Management)DRM has been used by organizations such as the
British Library
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Watermarks
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Digital watermarks involve data embedded within the
audio or video data
Added during production or distributionPurposes
recording the copyright owner
recording the distributor
recording the distribution chain
identifying the purchaser of the music
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Metadata
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Metadata are information such as
purchaser's name
account information
email address
Metadata are is not embedded in the played audio or
video data, but within separate file
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LawsregardingDRM
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Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright
Treaty (WCT) in 1996
WIPO stands forWorld Intellectual
Property Organization
The American implementation is
the Digital Millennium
Copyright Act (DMCA)The European implementation is
the European directive on
copyright
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Digital MillenniumCopyright Act
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It was passed on May 14, 1998
This act criminalizes the productionand dissemination of technology
that allows users to circumvent
technical copy-restriction
methods
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Controversy
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DRM opposition
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DRM critics are :John Walker, as expressed for instance, in his article
The DigitalImprimatur : How bigbrotherandbig
media can putthe Internetgenie backinthe
bottle
Richard Stallman in his article
The Rightto Read as:"DRM is an example of a malicious feature - a
feature designed to hurt the user of the software,
and therefore, it's something for which there can
never be toleration video.flv
Professor Ross Anderson of Cambridge University
Mr.Cory Doctorow, a prominent writer and technologyblogger
Other organizations :
TechMediums.com
FreeCulture.org
GNU General Public License
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DRM-Free
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Due to the strong opposition that
exists to DRM, many
companies and artists have
begun advertising their
products as "DRM-FreeApple began selling "DRM-Free"
music through their iTunes
store in April 2007
However iTunes continues to use
DRM on movies, TV shows,
ringtones, and audio books
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Shortcomings
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Methods to bypass DRM
DRM on general computing platforms
WatermarksObsolescence
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Methodstobypass DRM
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Burn the content to an audio CD and then Rip it
into DRM-free filesAnalog hole
Use software to record the signals being sent
through the audio or video cards, or to plug
analog recording devices into the analogoutputs of the media player
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DRM ongeneralcomputingplatforms
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DRM are designed to work on general purpose
computing hardware
Software must include all the information necessary todecrypt the content, such as the decryption keys
An attacker will be able to extract this information,
directly decrypt and copy the content
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Watermarks
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Watermarks can very typically be removed,although degradation of video or audio can
occur.
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Obsolescence
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When standards and formats change, it may
be difficult to transfer DRM-restricted
content to new media
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Conclusion
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The future ofDRM
The technology can be expected to be heavily used in
the future to support :
Digital library collections
Code and software development
Distance education
Networked collaboration
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Questions
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Thankyou!
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