WHO/OMS WHO/OMS WHO/UNICEF WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) Meeting the MDG Drinking Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Water and Sanitation Target Target Jamie Jamie Bartram Bartram Coordinator Coordinator Water, Sanitation and Health Programme Water, Sanitation and Health Programme World Health Organization World Health Organization
for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)
Meeting the MDG Drinking Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Water and Sanitation
TargetTarget
Jamie Jamie BartramBartramCoordinatorCoordinator
Water, Sanitation and Health ProgrammeWater, Sanitation and Health ProgrammeWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization
4 billion cases of diarrhoea each year1.8 million deaths by diarrhoeal diseases88% of diarrhoeal disease is attributed to unsafe water supply, inadequate sanitation and hygiene. 133 million people suffer from high intensity intestinal helminth infections 6 million people are blind from trachoma 160 million people in the world are infected with schistosomiasis.
Health hazards of poor water Health hazards of poor water supply and sanitationsupply and sanitation
WHOWHOInformation provided by governments - global reporting
Early WHO reportsIDWSSD: baseline report 1980 (reporting status in 1970 and 1980Interim reports: 1983, 1985, 1988End of decade report: 1990
WHO and UNICEF (JMP, initial phase)WHO and UNICEF (JMP, initial phase)Information provided by governments - country reporting
Capacity building at the country level (WASAMS)Reports of status of monitoring, training1996 JMP report (still based on government data)
WHO and UNICEF (JMP, current phase)WHO and UNICEF (JMP, current phase)Estimates based on population-based information
GWSSA2000 reportConsolidation of JMP as reporting officially to UNMid-term report on the MDG target - 2004
19701970
19971997
19901990
History of Global MonitoringHistory of Global Monitoring
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Purpose of JMPPurpose of JMPMonitor sector trends and Monitor sector trends and
progressprogress
Build national monitoring Build national monitoring capacities and use information capacities and use information
to improve sector planningto improve sector planning
Inform policy makers and Inform policy makers and public on the status of the public on the status of the
sectorsector
WHO/OMSWHO/OMSScope of work of JMPScope of work of JMP
Global Global assessments of assessments of
the waterthe water--supply supply and sanitation and sanitation
sectorsector
Building national Building national capacity for capacity for monitoringmonitoring
Data reporting and Data reporting and disseminationdissemination
Estimate improved Estimate improved drinking water and drinking water and sanitation coveragesanitation coverage
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Definition of Improved Drinking Definition of Improved Drinking Water and SanitationWater and Sanitation
Improved water: access to Improved water: access to sources of water which are sources of water which are likely to provide safe waterlikely to provide safe water
Improved sanitation: Improved sanitation: access to facilities which access to facilities which are likely to be sanitaryare likely to be sanitary
Improved water supplyImproved water supply•Household connection
•Public standpipe
•Borehole
•Protected dug well
•Protected spring
•Rainwater collection
Improved sanitationImproved sanitation•Connection to a public sewer
•Connection to a septic tank
•Poor-flush latrine
•Simple pit latrine
•Ventilated improved pit latrine
UnimprovedUnimproved--water supplywater supply•Unprotected well
•Unprotected spring
•Vendor provided water
•Bottled water
•Tanker truck provided water
Unimproved sanitationUnimproved sanitation•Service or bucket latrine (where excreta are manually removed)
•Public or shared latrines
•Latrines with open pit
WHO/OMSWHO/OMSInformation Sources Used to Information Sources Used to Derive Coverage EstimatesDerive Coverage Estimates
Survey data (DHS, MICS, LSMS, WHS, H&N surveys, National Census, etc.). DHS and MICS provide the basis for most estimates.
More than 350 results of household surveys conducted over the past 20 years, considered for the JMP estimates.
2002 estimates are based on double the amount of data since the 2000 estimates.
Reported data (for a few cases where survey data are not available).
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring ProgrammeProgramme for Water Supply and Sanitation for Water Supply and Sanitation
(JMP)(JMP)
JMP Technical Advisory GroupJMP Technical Advisory GroupRoleRole: provide technical and strategic advice to the JMPMembersMembers: individual sector experts; representatives of sector organizations and major survey organizations (World Bank-WSP, UN-HABITAT, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WSSCC, WEDC, UNEP, EHP, ORC-Macro (DHS))
Executing AgenciesExecuting Agencies: WHO and UNICEF
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Goal 7Ensure environmental sustainability
Target 10Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without
sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
The Drinking Water and The Drinking Water and Sanitation MDG TargetSanitation MDG Target
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Percentage of populationusing improved drinking water sources
Less than 50%50 - 75%76 - 90%91 - 100%missing data
Coverage of improved drinking water sources, 2002
The Status of Improved The Status of Improved Drinking Water in 2002Drinking Water in 2002
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Drinking Water Coverage by RegionDrinking Water Coverage by RegionChange From 1990 to 2002 Change From 1990 to 2002
84
52
58
78
79
88
89
90
79
93
98
83 +6
-2
+1
+8
+2
+6
+5
+13
+6
+6
+9
+1
0 20 40 60 80 100
Oceania
Sub-Saharan Africa
Eastern Asia
South-Eastern Asia
South Asia
Western Asia
Latin America & Caribbean
Northern Africa
Developing regions
Eurasia
Developed regions
World
%
Developing regions breakdown
WHO/OMSWHO/OMSDrinking Water Coverage Drinking Water Coverage
TotalsTotals
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Drinking Water Coverage Drinking Water Coverage Service LevelsService Levels
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Population Without Improved Drinking Population Without Improved Drinking Water by Region in 2002 (in millions)Water by Region in 2002 (in millions)
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Trends in Service Levels for Trends in Service Levels for Drinking WaterDrinking Water
Population not servedPopulation not served
Population using another improved drinking water Population using another improved drinking water sourcesource
Population with piped water into dwelling, plot or Population with piped water into dwelling, plot or yardyard
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Eighty-three per cent of the world population are using improved drinking water sources, but 1.1 billion people are still without.
The greatest progress was made in South Asia, due primarily to increased coverage in India.
Progress in sub-Saharan Africa was also impressive, moving from 49 per cent in 1990 to 58 per cent in 2002, but this is still not enough to meet the MDG target
The numbers without safe drinking water in China alone equal the number in all of Africa.
Progress in Achieving the MDG Progress in Achieving the MDG Drinking Water TargetDrinking Water Target
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Percentage of populationusing improved sanitation
Less than 50%50 - 75%76 - 90%91 - 100%missing data
Sanitation coverage, 2002
The Status of Improved The Status of Improved Sanitation in 2002Sanitation in 2002
Improved Sanitation Coverage Improved Sanitation Coverage Service LevelsService Levels
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Population Without Improved Sanitation by Population Without Improved Sanitation by Region in 2002 (in millions)Region in 2002 (in millions)
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Urban and Rural Sanitation Urban and Rural Sanitation Coverage by Region in 2002Coverage by Region in 2002
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Progress in Achieving the MDG Progress in Achieving the MDG Sanitation TargetSanitation Target
An estimated 2.6 billion people – half of the developing world – still live without improved sanitation.
Despite major progress in South Asia, barely a third of its population use improved sanitation.
Improved sanitation coverage in sub-Saharan Africa is only 36 per cent.
Global population growth is cancelling many of the gains already made. The population without adequate coverage needs to be reduced from 2.6 billion in 2002 to 1.8 billion in 2015 – a total of 760 million people.
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Progress in Achieving the MDG Progress in Achieving the MDG Sanitation TargetSanitation Target
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
1990 2002 2015
Popu
latio
n (in
bill
ions
)
If on track to reach the MDG targetCurrent trend
1.9 bn
2.4 bn
2.7 bn
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Progress in Achieving the MDG Progress in Achieving the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Drinking Water and Sanitation
TargetTarget
1.1 billion people not using improved drinking water
2.6 billon people not using improved sanitation
800 million people not using improved drinking water
1.9 billion people not using improved sanitation
Status in 2002Status in 2002 Status in 2015 if Status in 2015 if target is mettarget is met
WHO/OMSWHO/OMS
Progress in achieving the Progress in achieving the MDG targetMDG target
Achieving the MDG drinking water and Achieving the MDG drinking water and basic sanitation target means:basic sanitation target means:
Enabling an Enabling an additional 260 000 additional 260 000 people people a daya day up to up to
2015 to use improved 2015 to use improved drinking water drinking water
sourcessources
Enabling an Enabling an additional 370 000 additional 370 000 people people a daya day up to up to 2015 to be served 2015 to be served
with improved with improved sanitationsanitation
WHO/OMSWHO/OMSKey FindingsKey Findings
Global drinking water coverage changed from 77% in 1990 to 83% in 2002, putting the world on track to achieve the MDG target
Sub-Saharan Africa although rose its drinking water coverage level from 49% to 58% will be far from reaching the 75% coverage required by 2015 if business continues as usual
With a rise in global sanitation coverage from 49% in 1990 to 58% in 2002, sanitation coverage is far from being on track
Despite disappointing progress overall, a number of countries such as Tanzania, Chad and Malawi have made tremendous gains.
Some groups such as slums and rural areas in developing countries are especially disadvantaged. If the target was applied to rural areas, these would not achieve the target neither for drinking water nor for sanitation.
