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Standards
Certification
Education & Training
Publishing
Conferences & Exhibits
Meeting the
Requirements
of NFPA 820:
The Standard for Fire Protection in WW
Treatment and Collection Facilities
2016 ISA Water / Wastewater and Automatic Controls Symposium
August 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
Speaker: Paul J. McGuire, P.E.
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 2
Presenter: Paul McGuire, P.E.
• Senior project engineer for NEORSD for 10 years
• I&C engineer for the District’s three
wastewater plants and collection system.
• 30 years I & C experience in various industries
• BSEET degree from Cleveland State University
• Registered professional engineer - State of Ohio
• Senior member of ISA
• Contact: [email protected]
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 3
NEORSD Overview
• Three activated sludge WWTPs serving 1 million people
in Cleveland and 61 surrounding communities
• Combined average daily treatment – 240 MG
• Collection system with 280 miles of interceptors and
relief sewers, pump stations, CSO storage tunnels, . .
• Stormwater management
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 4
Presentation Outline
• NFPA 820 overview
• What are NEC classified areas?
• Where are classified areas located?
• Using NFPA 820 tables
• Fire protection measures
• Alarms and ventilation
• Lessons learned
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 5
NFPA 820
• www.nfpa.org – Available for sale
– Free viewer
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 6
NFPA 820 - Overview
• Purpose:
–Provide fire & explosion protection
for life, property, continuation of
operations, and environmental
protection
–Reduce or eliminate the effects of fire
or explosion
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 7
NFPA 820 - Overview
• Applies to:
–New construction
–Additions or modifications to existing
facilities
• Owner to perform risk assessment
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 8
NFPA 820 - Overview
• Retroactive?
– Does not normally apply to facilities
constructed before effective date of standard
(1995)
– AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction)
CAN apply standard retroactively if
unacceptable degree of risk determined
– Retroactive requirements can be modified if
AHJ considers requirements impractical and
“reasonable degree of safety” provided
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 9
NFPA 820 - Overview
• Guidance/Requirements Document
–1990 – Recommended Practice
–1995 – Became a Standard
–2016 – Current Edition
• Next edition open for public input
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 10
NFPA 820 Contents - Chapters
– Chap. 1– Administration
– Chap. 2 – Referenced Standards
– Chap. 3 – Definitions
– Chap. 4 – Collection Systems
– Chap. 5 – WW - Liquid Stream Treatment
– Chap. 6 – WW - Solids Treatment
– Chap. 7 – Fire/Explosion Prevention/Protection
– Chap. 8 – Materials of Construction
– Chap. 9 – Ventilation
– Chap. 10 – Administrative Controls
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820 Contents - Annexes
• Annex A – Explanatory Material
• Annex B – Wastewater Treatment Process
Overview
• Annex C – Collection System Materials of
Construction
• Annex D – Chemical/Fuel – Fire & Explosion
Hazards
• Annex E – Informational References
–(NFPA, UL, ISA, 10 States, etc.)
11
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820 Contents – Annex A
12
Classified Areas for
Anaerobic Digester
From NFPA 820, 2016 ed. Figure A.6.2(a)
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 70
Guide to determine NEC classified
(hazardous) areas
What is Class 1, Division 1, Group D?
13
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 70 - Article 500
• Class
– Class I – Flammable Gases/Vapors
– Class II – Combustible Dusts
– Class III – Ignitable Fibers
14
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 70 - Article 500
• Division*
–Division 1 – Gas/vapor always present or
can exist under normal conditions
–Division 2 – Gas/vapor present under
abnormal conditions only (leak, accident)
15
• NEC also recognizes international format Zone 0, Zone 1, Zone 2
for Class I areas. See NEC, Article 505
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 70 - Article 500
• Group – Group A – Acetylene
– Group B – Hydrogen, . . .
– Group C – Ethylene, . . .
– Group D – Methane, Gasoline, . . .
– Group E – Metal Dusts
– Group F – Coal Dust, . . .
– Group G* – Grain, Wood, Fibers, . . .
16
* Class II, Div 1 or Div 2, Group G for dried sludge dust
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
• Wastewater Treatment/Collection Systems
– Most common area classifications
– Class I, Div 1 or Div 2, Group D
– Unclassified
– Less common
– Class II, Div 1 or Div 2, Group G (dried
sludge)
17
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
• Sanitary Sewer (NNV) – Div. 1
• Combined Sewer (NNV) – Div. 1
• Storm Sewer (NNV) – Div. 2
• WW Pump Station Wet Well
– < 12 air changes – Div. 1
– 12 air changes – Div. 2
18 NNV – Not normally ventilated
Collection System Locations (Partial List)
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
• CLASSIFIED
–HEADWORKS (BAR SCREENS)
–GRIT REMOVAL
– (PRE-AERATION)
–PRIMARY SETTLING
–ODOR CONTROL
19
Primary Settling Tank
Liquid Stream Treatment
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
• UNCLASSIFIED
–AERATION TANKS/TRICKLING FILTERS
–SECONDARY & FINAL SETTLING TANKS
– (FILTRATION)
–DISINFECTION
–PLANT EFFLUENT
20
Trickling Filter
NFPA 820
Liquid Stream Treatment
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
Solids Treatment
• CLASSIFIED
–SLUDGE HANDLING
–SLUDGE THICKENING
–SLUDGE CAKE STORAGE (< 6 a.c.*)
–SLUDGE CAKE CONVEYANCE (< 6 a.c.)
– (DIGESTERS)
–SKIMMINGS (SCUM)
–ODOR CONTROL SYSTEMS
21
*a.c. – air changes
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
• UNCLASSIFIED
–SLUDGE DEWATERING (CENTRIFUGE)
–SLUDGE CAKE STORAGE (> 6 a.c.)
–SLUDGE CAKE CONVEYANCE (> 6 a.c.)
–SLUDGE CAKE INCINERATION
–SKIMMINGS INCINERATION
22
Centrifuge
NFPA 820
Solids Treatment
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
Why area classifications?
– Type of equipment protection
(e.g., explosion proof)
– Installation methods
(e.g., conduit seals)
– Should result in safe
working environment and
equipment protection 23
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NEC Area Classifications
• Recommendations – Produce a set of classified area drawings
for your WW plants and collection facilities
–Plans & elevations
–Shading and cross hatching
–Don’t use color as a differentiator of areas
–Can be used for current and future projects
–Can see where classified areas may overlap
–Preferred over notes on drawings
24
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
Sample Classified Area Plan
• Recommendation – Produce a set of classified area drawings for
your WW plants and collection facilities
–Site plans
–Elevations
–Shading and cross hatching
–Can be used for current and future projects
– Preferred over notes on drawings
Cross-hatched area is Class 1, Div. 2
25
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NEC Area Classifications
• What would you rather see?
– For a Primary Sedimentation Tank (Not
Enclosed) –
–“Interior of the tank from the minimum
operating water surface to the top of the
tank wall; envelope 0.46m (18 in.) above the
top of the tank and extending 0.46 m (18 in.)
beyond the exterior wall; envelope 0.46 m
(18 in.) above grade extending 3 m (10 ft.)
horizontally from the exterior tank walls”
OR
26
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NEC Area Classifications
Primary Sedimentation Tank (Not Enclosed)
27
From NFPA 820, 2016 ed. Figure A.5.2
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NEC Area Classifications
• Lessons learned
– Don’t assume area classifications are correct
– Check for rated area extending beyond tank or
structure
– Check that ventilation supply air is from an
unclassified area
– Don’t assume ventilation rates are sufficient
– Don’t assume ratings of electrical equip. are
correct (enclosures, exhaust fans, HVAC)
28
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA 29
NFPA 820
Table 5.2.2
Liquid Stream
Treatment
(6 pages total)
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
Table 5.2.2 – Liquid Treatment
30
VENTILATION KEY:
A - < 12 a.c. (air changes)
B - 12 a.c.
MATERIALS KEY:
NC - Noncombustible
LC - Limited-combustible
LFS - Low flame spread
FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES KEY:
FE - Portable fire extinguisher
CGD - Comb. Gas Detection System
H - Hydrant
Location
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
Table 5.2.2 – Liquid Treatment
31
VENTILATION KEY:
A - < 12 a.c.
B - 12 a.c.
MATERIALS KEY:
NC - Noncombustible
LC - Limited-combustible
LFS - Low flame spread
FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES KEY:
FE - Portable fire extinguisher
CGD - Comb. Gas Detection System
H - Hydrant
Is space enclosed or not?
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
Table 5.2.2 – Liquid Treatment
32
VENTILATION KEY:
A - < 12 a.c.
B - 12 a.c.
MATERIALS KEY:
NC - Noncombustible
LC - Limited-combustible
LFS - Low flame spread
FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES KEY:
FE - Portable fire extinguisher
CGD - Comb. Gas Detection System
H - Hydrant
For new facility design
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
Table 5.2.2 – Liquid Treatment
33
VENTILATION KEY:
A - < 12 a.c.
B - 12 a.c.
MATERIALS KEY:
NC - Noncombustible
LC - Limited-combustible
LFS - Low flame spread
FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES KEY:
FE - Portable fire extinguisher
CGD - Comb. Gas Detection System
H - Hydrant
For existing facility
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
NFPA 820
Table 5.2.2 – Liquid Treatment
34
VENTILATION KEY:
A - < 12 a.c.
B - 12 a.c.
MATERIALS KEY:
NC - Noncombustible
LC - Limited-combustible
LFS - Low flame spread
FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES KEY:
FE - Portable fire extinguisher
CGD - Comb. Gas Detection System
H - Hydrant
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
Combustible Gas Detectors (CGD)
• Selection & placement by “qualified person”
• CGDs shall be provided with a backup power supply
• CGD required for fire protection shall be set to alarm
at 10% LEL
– Alarm level may be set higher if allowed by AHJ (Authority
Having Jurisdiction) and if lower setting would create
nuisance alarms
– Typical setpoints
– 20% LEL – Warning
– 40% LEL – Alarm
35
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
Combustible Gas Detector Installation
• Don’t count on mounting location advice from manuf.
• Lighter than air & heavier than air gases rule of thumb
– Careful what you wish for on lighter than air gases
– May end up with detector mounted where it can’t be maintained
– Use remote kit – sensor at high elevation, transmitter at eye level
• Heavier than air gases
– Watch out for flooding
– Recommend IR type combustible detector
• Recommend using smoke test
• Mount near source of combustible (e.g., natural gas
line)
• NFPA 820 is a fire protection standard so it does not
address or require toxic gas detectors (CO, H2S, low O2)
36
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
Alarm & Ventilation Requirements
(Chapters 7 & 9)
• Positive confirmation of air flow with flow monitor
(e.g. flow switch) when ventilation is used to reduce
area classification
– Run contact from blower motor won’t suffice
• Both supply and exhaust fans required
(with monitoring for both)
• Continuous ventilation required
when reducing area classification
• Ventilation system shall have means to accept power
from alternate source (e.g., portable generator)
• Alarm failure of primary source of ventilation power
37
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
Alarm & Ventilation Requirements
(Chapters 7 & 9)
• Visual & audible alarms for CGD & ventilation failure
– Within spaces
– Entrances to spaces (Remote location exception)
– Don’t forget warning signs
• Air changes based on 100% outside supply air
– Partial recirculation allowed when certain criteria met
• Lower air rates allowed (>= 50%) when five criteria
are met.
– Fifth criteria new to 2016 ed. (ventilation d/p)
• Air recirculation (up to 75%) allowed when certain
criteria met
38
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
Summary
Why follow NFPA 820?
39
Photo source: Cleveland State University, Michael Schwartz Library, 1953
2016 ISA WWAC Symposium
Aug 2-4, 2016 – Orlando, Florida, USA
Thank You
Questions?
Paul McGuire, P.E.
216-881-6600
40