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TECHNOLOGY IN ELT

COMPONENTS OF INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

&

COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTERSYSTEM

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COMPONENTS OF

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Data

Hardware Software

Procedures

People

Information

System

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An information system has

five parts :

1. People

The most important partasthey makeend-

users more productive.

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An information system has

five parts :

2. Procedures

Referto rules orguidelines people follow

whenusing software, hardwareanddata. Documented in manualswritten by

computerspecialists.

Provided bysoftware/hardwaremanufacturers ofthe product.

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An information system has

five parts :

4. Hardware

Computercomponentsthatare physical,touchable piecesorequipment.

It consists ofthesystem unit, input/output,secondarystorageand communicationdevices.

4types of computers :

1. Supercomputers the most powerful type of computers.

2. Mainframe occupyspeciallywired,air-conditioned

rooms.

3. Minicomputers desk-sized machinesused forspecificpurposes.

4. Microcomputers includethedesktop,notebookandpersonal digital assistant.

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An information system has

five parts :

5. Data

Raw,unprocessed facts including text,numbers,imagesandsounds.

Datadescribessomething that isstoredelectronically ina file.

Examples : Document files created byword processors

Worksheet files crated byspreadsheets

Database file created bydatabase managementprogrammes

Presentation files created by presentation graphicsprogrammes

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COMPONENTS OF A

COMPUTER SYSTEM

A computersystem hasthree main components :

Hardware

Software

Warmware

A computersystem performs4 importanttasks

(Sharp,2005:35)

Receiving input : figures, facts orsets of instructions

Storing information : place in memories

Processing thedata : act onthe information

Outputing the information : processand generateresults

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4 MAIN ASPECTS OF DATA

HANDLING

1. Input devices

- acceptdata orcommands ina form thatthe computercanuse:theysendthedata orcommandsto the processing unit.

2. The Processor

- knownas CPU, haselectronic circuitrythat manipulates inputdata into informationthat peoplerequire. The CPU executecomputerinstructions.

3. Output Devices

- displaythe peoplethe processeddata; information inunderstandableandusable form

4. Storage- meanssecondarystorage; consists ofsecondarystorage

devicessuch as harddisk,diskettes, pendrives.

- canstoredataand programmes outsidethe computeritself.

- thesedevicessupplement memory orprimarystorage, can holddata orprogrammestemporarily.

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1. What is Input?

Inputrefersto anydata or instructionsthatare

used bya computer. All computerprocessing

requiresdata.

Wheneveryouuse computerorapplication

software,youare providing input. You

typicallyuseakeyboardto typetextanda

mouseto issue commands.

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Input Devices

Keyboard

Mouse

Joystick

Touch Screen Light Pen

Scanner

Barcodereaders

Digital cameras Video cameras

Graphic tablets

Voicerecognitionsystems

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2. What is Process?

The computermanipulatesthedatato create

information.

Informationrefersto data processed into a formthat has meaning and isuseful.

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3. What is Output?

Isa processeddata or information.

Outputdevices provide outputto people by

translating whatthe computerhas processedinto a form that people canunderstandand

use.

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Output Devices

Monitor CRT, LCD

LCD projector

Video scan converter Printer

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4. What is Storage?

Information can bestored ina computerfor

futureuse.

All computers havea harddiskdriveto storeprogrammesanddata.

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Storage Devices

HardDisk

RemovableDisks

FloppyDrive CD-ROM, R, RW

DVD-ROM, R, RW

PenDrive, Thumb Drive, Zip Drive

External HardDisk

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TEST YOUR

UNDERSTANDING!

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Visualize these components

and draw them!

Keyboard

Mouse

Monitor

Speaker

Webcam

Printer

CPU

Motherboard

Slot Card

RAM

USB port

PS2 port

Parallel port

Serial port FloppyDrive

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APPLICATION SOFTWARE

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2 CATEGORIES

1. General-purpose

- also knownas basic applications

- includes browsers,word processors,spreadsheets,database managementsystemsand presentation graphics.

2. Special-purpose

- also knownasadvancedapplications,include multimedia,web authoring,graphics, virtual reality,artificial intelligence

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4 general-purpose software

1. Word processors

2. Spreadsheets

3. Database Management Systems4. Presentation Graphics