AD-A28 893 USERS MANUAL FOR NCS NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONSSYSTEM) /FACSIMIL TEST DO EL TA IA NFORMATION SSEMS INCJENKINTOWN PA R S -APH-ORS ET AL 01 NOV 82
UNCLASSIFIE NCS-TB-82- DC0 080 C0042 / 43 N
MELmhhhi
l~flW 120.2__I a W 1.8
11111.2 .4 IW
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHARTNATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDAROS-1963-A
ICS Til 82-S
NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
TECHNICAL INFORMATION BULLETIN
82-6
USERS MANUALFOR
NCS FACSIMILETEST DOCUMENT TAPES
DTICOCTOBER 1982 ELECTESJUN 3
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
83 06 01 2b1o
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (WhMm 000 S&stw
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE __________________
1. REPDORT NUNUERn YLGOVT ACCESSIONN "a. &RXCIPIENTS CATALOG NUMBER
NCS-TIB-82-6 Ati-1A 'si OE - & EID OEE
4 TITLE (mod &uhmftI) L. TYPE OFREPORT &PRO OEE
Users Manual for NCS Facsimlel Test Document FINAL REPORTTapes S. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT "NSER
7. AUTNOR(q) S. CONTRACT on GRANT "NDMER~e)
Richard SchaphorstStephen Urban DCA100-80-C-0042
S.PERoFRmIN ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS to. PORAM ELEMNrT PREC.AS
Delta Information Systems A WR
310 Cottman streetJenkintown, PA 19046 _____________
I1. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAMR AND ADDRESS Ia. REPORT DATS
National Cogouunications System NOVEMBER 1. 1982ATTN: NCS-TS I UBRO AEWashington, DC 20305 7
14 MONITORING AGENCY NAME A AORESS(IIft t AM Cinb" Oflb es) ISL SECURITY CLASS. (of Ia vhmV)
UNCLASSIFIEDIS& ,E&SFICATION/ DOWNGRADING
16. 0IS1RIUTIOn STATRUENT eelI~ Rd, wmt
Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.
17. DISTRIOUTION STATEMENT (01003 0be0a00 mtmw IS 8106k * It dElamest hUm l-0t
I&. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
19. KEY WORDS (COIAMM ON MVW80 dif. MW ieesesm &F1M bift Sls M0K)
-Magnetic tape, Standard Images, Facsimile, Coding, Simulation
altenatve esoutios fr Goup4 fasimle.As artof this investigation
used in this study are listed below. 2
Do 1 103 m UNCLASSIFIED
SECRIY LAIC?1ISOPThS AG ( ~. .4 .
UNCLASSIFIEDSECUmiv CLASSIFCATON OF THIS PAG~it Deft AINW
Test Imaaes Resolutions
CCITT Image No. 1 200 lines/Inch
CCITT Image No. 5 240 lines/inch
CCITT Image No. 7 300 lines/inch
Legibility Test Chart 400 lines/inch
480 lines/inch
After these 20 images were scanned considerable inter t was expressed bythe facsimile technical community in obtaining copies of the scanned dataon magnetic tape.-hese tapes are now available from the NCS*.
The purpose of this usersimanual is to explain the backgrood of thetapes and to describe the format of the scanned data on the tapes. A briefdescription of the major sections in the manual is provided below.
* Copies of the image tapes may be obtained from:
Dennis BodsonNCSAttention. NCS-TSWashington, DC 20305
Phone: (202) 692-2124Telex: 908-041-BAL
Agoesslon For
IITIS GRA&I -
DTIC TAB 0Unannounced 0Justifia tion ------
Distribut ion/
Availability Codes
IAvail and/or
Dist Special
UNCLASSIFIEDue1CUONr CLAIMPICA?1Ow OF THIS PAGWIW.. goo
NCS TECHNICAL INFORMATION BULLETIN 82-6
USERS MANUAL FOR NCS
FACSIMILE TEST DOCUMENT TAPES
OCTOBER 1982
PROJECT OFFICER APPROVED FOR PUBLIUATION:
DENNIS BODSON MARSHALL L. CAINSenior Electronics Engineer Assi stant ManagerOffice of NCS Technology Office of Technology
and Standards and Standards
FOREWORD
Among the responsibilities assigned to the Office of the Manager, NationalComunications System, is the management of the Federal TelecomunicationStandards Program. Under this program, the NCS, with the assi stance of theFederal Telecomunicatlon Standards Committee identifies, develops, andcoordinates proposed Federal Standards which either contribute to theI nteroperabi ii ty of functionally siil 1 ar Federal tel ecomouni cation systems orto the achievement of a compatible and efficient interface between computerand telecomunication systems. In developing and coordinating these standardsa considerable amount of effort is expended in initiating and pursuing jointstandards development efforts with appropriate technical cimittees of theElectronic Industries Association, the American National Standards institute,the International Organization for Standardization, and the InternationalTelegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee of the InternationalTelecommunication Union. This Technical Information Bulletin presents anoverview of an effort which is contributing to the development of compatibleFederal, national, and international standards i n the area of di gi telfacsimile standards. It has been prepared to inform interested Federalactivities of the progress of these efforts. Any coments, inputs orstatements of requirements which could assi st in the advancement of thi s workare welcome and should be addressed to:
Office of the ManagerNational Comnicati ons SystemATTN: NCS-TSWashington, D.C. 20305(202) 692,.2124
I---7't~
DELTA INFORMATION SYSTEMS. INC.
USERS MANUAL FOR
MCS FACSIMILZE ST
DOCUMI w TAPES
FINAL REPORT
October 20, 1982
Modification P00004 to
Contract No. DCA00-80-C-0042
Submitted to:
NATONAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
*1 OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY AND STANDARDS
Wahington, D.C. 20305
*, Contracting Agencys
DEFMSE COMUNICATI ONS AGENCY
Submitted by:
DE L T A I V 0 R M A T Z O N S Y 8 T M M S, 1 N C.310 Cottian Street
Jenkintownt PA. 19046
Fosj
USERS MANUAL FOR tICS FACSIMILE
TEST DOCUMENT TAPES
TABLE OF CONTEXTS
Page1.0 Introduction 1-1
2.0 Test Documents 2-1
3.0 Image Scanning 3-1
4.0 Format of Binary Image/Tape 4-1
5.0 Format of $-bit Image/Tape 5-1
6.0 Sample Printed Images 6-1
APPENDIX
A. Image Scanning and Writing System A-1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This document summarizes work performed by Delta Information
Systems, Inc. for the office of Technology and Standards of the
National Communications System, an organizaiton of the U.S.
Government, under Modification P00004 to Contract DCA100-80-C-0042.
The Office of Technology and Standards, headed by National
Communications System Assistant Manager Marshall L. Cain, is
responsible for the management of the Federal Telecommunications
Standards Program, which develops telecommunication standards
whose use is mandatory by all Federal agencies.
Under the basic contract DCA00-S0-C-0042 Delta Information
Systems has analyzed alternative resolutions for Group 4 facsimile.
The final report for this study was issued in August 1982. As
part of this investigation four test documents were scanned with
five candidate resolutions, and the results of all twenty scans
were printed. The test documents and resolutions used in this
study are listed below.
Test Imaoes Resolutions
CCITT Image No. 1 200 lines/inch
CCIT Image No. 5 240 lines/inch
CCITT Image No. 7 300 lines/inch
Legibility Test Chart 400 lines/inch
480 lines/inch
After these 20 images were scanned considerable interest
was expressed by the facsimile technical community in obtaining
copies of the scanned data on magnetic tape. The UCS is planning
• "t 1-1
to make these tapes available. *
The purpose of this users manual is to explain the back-
ground of the tapes and to describe the format of the scanned
data on the tapes. A brief descuiption of the major sections
in the manual is provided below.
Sections
2.0 Test Docuents - a description of the four test documents.
3.0 Image Scnninq- a description of the parameters and
procedures used in scanning the test documents.
4.0 Format of Binary Image/Tape - One tape contains the
scanned data for all 20 images where each pal is
quantized to either black or white. This section
describes the format.,of the images and the data on the
tape.
5.0 Format of 8-bit Ima2e/Taoe-Eight tapes contain the
scanned data for all 20 images where each pel is coded
with 8 bit/pel precision. This section describes the
format of the images and the data on the tape.
6.0 Samle Printed images - The five different resolution
images for CCITT decument No. 1 have been printed out,
an,. copies are included in this section.
* Copies of the image tapes may be obtained from:
Dennis Bod sonNCSAttention NCS-TSWashington, D.C. 20305
Phone: (202) 692-2124Telex: 908-041-AL
4 L1-2
_37; . ....
2.0 SELECTION OF TEST DOCUMENTS
Four images were selected to be used as test documents in
the subject program. Three of the pages were chosen from the
8 standard CCITT test documents shown in Figure 2-1. it is ad-
vantageous to use CCITT test documents because the test results
may be readily compared with other data developed by facsimile
investigators. The three CCITT documents selected are listed
below. The selections of these test documents were reviewed with
the TR-29 Facsimile committee of the ZIA to insure they agreed
with the choice.
CCITT NO. Name Figure No.
1 English Letter 2-2
5 French Text Figures 2-3
7 Kanji 2-4
Documents 1, 5, and 7 are representative of a wide range of
detail which is likely to be encountered in facsimile systems.
Pages 1 and 7 are representative of documents which contain re-
latively small and large amounts of information respectively.
Image 5 contains an intermediate amount of detail. Document 4 is
also commonly used in studies of this type. The test results for
documents 4 and 7 are usually very similar.
A new test chart was developed on this project to permit the
quantitative measurement of image legibility. The test chart was
first prepared as an offset plate. This plate was used to print
a number of high quality test images. One of the"e offset prints
was scanned as part of this resolution project. A copy of
2-1
Ali,
____ m
2-2I
THE SLEREXE COMPA14NYAPoRS LUM. OOU - DOnnET. z3 SIR
-mm mam (94 13) 5161?. ism 04
Our Ref. 350/PJC/LAC 18th January, 1972.
Dr. P.N. C wall,Mining Surveys Ltd.,Holroyd Road,Reading,erks.
Dear Pete,
Permit as to introduce you to the facility of facsimletransmission.
in facsimile a photocell is caused to perform a raster scan overthe subject copy. The variations of print density on the documentcause the photocell to generate an analogous electrical video signal.This signal is used to modulate a carrier, which is transmitted to aremote destination over a radio or cable coummications link.
At the remote terminal, demodulation reconstructs the videosignal, which is used to modulate the density of print produced by aprinting device. This device is scanning in a raster scan synchronisedwith that at the transmitting terminal. As a result, a facsimilecopy of the subject document is produced.
Probably you have uses for this facility in your organisation.
Yours sincerely,
P.J. CROSSGroup Leader - Facsimile Research
Figr 2-
CCITT 1
016"1 .0wvia n Uftfi Uwe&
2-3
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et Is Signal S,1 ) correspondant obtmnu & Iasri-d'un Sulre pesspbnde do transfun unitd powr do Skis adaptL On comprend Is no doriptu
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at do - TfI1/A/
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Te -(f -f.) r pour traverserc qua Ia&frt reseoreir
r 'ama . dealses w Ai"s done. Is si"na T~tjFigure 2-3
CCITT Document No. 52-4
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Z *Ii)t i nT tt mIs Iis 9 q IsA T (I * a*
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itg, aT& I -c L It r t j I L :t -qT
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it ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Fgr 2-4 t RA0 ti L zir 0 PC T 9, il -r a CI TT- I m -o. 7F ,
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these same offset prints is inclu~ded as Figure 2-5. The
legibility chart consists of two parts. The top half of the
test chart is divided into five parts each assigned a different
size or point of text. Four lines of text are included for
each point. Each line contain& random text including numbers,, upper
case, anid lower case characters. The text is organized in
groups of five characters with a single space between the five
character groups. Each of the four lines is a different type
font. The four fonts are Helvetica, Times Roman, American Type-
writer, and Bodoni Bold.
The bottom half of the test chart is devoted to half-tone
imagery. Five different half-tone screen densities are included-
65, 85, 120, 133, and 150 lines/inch. Each of the five half-tone
test areas is divided into two parts. The right side is a half-
tone of a typical scene. The left side is a uniform half-tone
designed to illustrate beat patterns which may appear when the
image is scanned. The five different half-tonei screen densities
are included to represent different input material ranging from
newspapers to high quality magazines.
2-6
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6 Point
4 Point
3 Point
2 Point
65 UneScreen 8SBUne Screen 120 Une Screen
FacsimileTest Chart
Figure 2-5
133 Une Screen 150OUn Screen
2-7
3. 0 IMAGE SCANNING
The tour images described in section 2.0 were each scanned
with five different resolutions to provide a total of twenty
separate files of scanned images on magnetic tape. The scanning
process was performed by the Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns
Hopkins University. The scanning equipmnt, described in detail
in Appendix A, was manufactured by Optronics International, Inc.
and is designated as Model P-1700.
The B-1700 scanning equipment is a highly precise device
which employs a square aperture and samples the images in a
rectilinear fashion; i.e. the sampling density in the horizontal
and verical directions is identical. The scanner has two limitations
which constrained the scanning procedure. First, the maximum
size of the input copy to be scanned is 10 inches by 10 inches.
Second, the number of spot sizee which are available is limited.
Due to these limitations, all input images were photos-
graphically reduced prior to being scanned. Table 3-1 shows the
reduced image size and spot size for each scan.
Table 3-1
Scanning Parameters
Resolution Optical Size of Scanned
Reduction Scanned Image Spot Size
lines/inches Ratio In. by In*
200 1.274 6.67 X .8.63 100
240 2.117 4.02 x 5.20 50
300 1.693 5.02 x 6.30 50
400 1.274 6.67 x 8.63 50
480 2.117 4.02 x 5.20 25
3-1
The outPUt Of the scanO9 Was fed to an 8 bit analog-tO-
digital converter and each pixel. was staged on magnetic tape.
3-2
400 FORMAT OF BINARY IMAGE/TAPE
All twenty images are recorded on one reel of 9-track
tape, 2400 feet in length at a recording density of 1600 BPI.
Each of the twenty images is contained in a separate data
file on the tape. The files are recorded in the following
order:
FILE DOCUMENT RESOLUTION
1 CCITT 1 200
2 240
3 300
4 400
5 480
6 CCITT 5 200
7 240
8 300
9 400
10 480
11 CCITT 7 200
12 240
13 300
14 400
15 480
16 FAX TEST CHART 200
17 240
18 300
19 400
20 480
4-1
__ _
The tape is written in IBM standard format with standard
labels (EBCDIC) for each file and fixed length blocked records.
(Each image is preceded and followed by a label with a tape
mark). Each file is followed by a tape mark. The block size
for each physical record on tape is given in Table 4-1. Each
block contains four or eight image scan lines as shown. The
number of pels/line and lines per image are also given in the
table. The upper left pel of each image is the most significant
bit of the first byte of each file. White is zero and black is
one,
I
(
4-2
A-
. . . . . ... . .. .. . .
in
ca 04M
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5.0 FORMAT OF $-BIT IMAGE TAPE
The 8-bit images are recorded on a total of eight tapes,
two tapes containing all resolutions of each document as
shown below:
TAPE FILE DOUETRESOLUTION
1 1 CCITTl1 200
2 300
3 400
2 1 240
2 480
3 1 CCITT 5 200
2 300
3 400
4 1 240
2 480
5 1 CCITT 7 200
2 300
3 400
6 1 240
2 480
7 1 PAX TEST CHART 200
2 300
3 400
8 1 240
2 480
5-1.
These tapes are also recorded at 1600 BPI on 9-track,
2400 reels with IBM standard labels and fixed length records.
Each scan line is one physical record (or block) on tape as
shown in table 5-1. The remaining data is similar to that
described in the previous section for the one-bit tapes.
i
5-2
%@ 0 00 094 a - a 4* 4
z en a0 '
9-4 P0 %0 ' 0 P0
b2I 0* 0 %0 %0*
0- r% 00 0
atr4 N N M q
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PN
05-
6.0 SAMPLE PRINTED IMAGES
All of the twenty images have been printed to verify the
integrity of the data on the tapes. The printouts of CCITT
document number 1 at all five resolutions are included in this
section as a sample of the printed images (Figures 6-1 through
6-24).
The scanned data has been printed on a Versatec V-80 printer
having a resolution of 200 pels/inch. A black border has been
printed around the image to indicate the exact location of the
edge of the scanned data on the tape. The images having a
resolution greater than 200 pels/inch are printed in an enlarged
format since they were all printed at 200 pels/inch. Table 6-1
is a list of the printouts of CCITT document number 1. In the
case of Figures 6-18, 6-19, 6-22, and 6-23 the horizontal black
border does not represent the edge of the test document. Instead
it indicates the point of separation between two computer printouts
in the middle of the image.
6-1
_________t . . . . .-.... . .
TABLE 6-1
LIST OF CCITT DOCUMENT NO. 1 PRINTED IMAGES
Figure No. Resolution Portion of Page
6-1 200 ipi Top
6-2 200 lpi Bottom
6-3 240 ipi Top
6-4 240 ipi Bottom
6-5 300 ipi Top-left
6-6 300 Ipi Middle-left
6-7 300 lpi Bottom-left
6-8 300 Ipi Top-right
6-9 300 ipi Middle-right
6-10 300 ipi Bottom-right
6-11 400 ipi Top-left
6-12 400 lpi Middle-left
6-13 400 1pi Bottom-left
6-14 400 lpi Top-right
6-15 400 Ipi Middle-right
6-16 400 Ipi Bottom-right
6-17 480 lpi Top-left
6-18 480 lpi Upper Middle-left
6-19 480 ipi Lower Middle-left
6-20 480 lpi Bottom-left
6-21 480 lpi Top-right
6-22 490 Ipi Upper Middle-right
6-23 480 lpi Lower Middle-right
6-24 480 lpi Bottom-right
6-2
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APPENDIX A
IMAGE SCANNING AND WRITING SYSTEM
i 'DPL(P) DS1.9(2) (06/06/80)
(Zag. Proc. Lab. cont)
-lage S',nir.a and Vriting SYstem
The image scanning and writing system provides a uniquecapabiLity within IPL for the computer processing of color andblack and white photographic data. A photographic image on eitherfilm or opaque paper can be scanned and digitized, and the resul-tant data then written on a computer storage sediua such asmagnetic tape or disk. Conversely, properly formatted computerdata can be written on file (either ordinary silver aalide filor Polaroid film) to construct a photographic image. Computerprocessing of the data provides a powerful means for imageanalysis, manipulation, and enhancement. The computer processingcan be performed by aither the PDP-11/70 or the ce--ral computingsystem. The choice depends on the characteristics of the proces-sing to be performed. Standard image processig programs areavailable now, and special application programs can be preparedon request,
The system uses two units of equipment puzchased fromOptxonics Znteruational, Znc. One unit (a P-17C0) scans bothblack and white (B/i) and color images and also writes 3/Uimages; the other unit (a C-I30C) writes botn B/9 and colorimages, but is used ordinarily for writing only color images. TheP-1700 is shovn in Figure 3. The C-4300 (not shown) is similar tothe P-1700 but does not include scanning components.
Data are transmitted between the PDP-11/70 and the scanningor writing device as eight-bit bytes at a rate oz 28 kilobytesper second. Each byte represents the density of one square pic-ture element, a "pixe." Pixel sizes are selectable in sixgeometrically increasing steps from 12.5 micrometers to 400micrometers. With eight-bit bytes, 256 density levels can berepresented. For scanning operations, one may confidently expecta density resolution approaching that number. For writing opera-tions, 64 repeatable density levels for B/I and 32 for eachprimary color can be achieved.
Both the P-1700 and the C-4300 employ electro-mechanicalrotating drums for scanning and writing. Color scan and colorwrite operations are performed using -lilters for the three (ad-ditive) primary colors, red, green, and blue. Color operations,therefore, require three passes for scanniAq or writing.I Both units accomodate media in sizes up to 10-in. by 1.-in., but the maximum usable image area Is 9-in. by 9-in. in theP-1700 and 9-in. by 10-in, in the C-4300. Film types stocked forthe image writer are as follows: Linagraph Shellbarst 2474 (B/i,10-1n, by 10-in.); Zktachrome S0-278, emulsion equipment to '-160 amateur film, process 3-6 (color transparency, IC-in. by10-ian.): and Polacolor 2, type 808 (fast color prints, 8-in, by10-in.).
A-i
DPL(P) DSI.9(2) (06/06/0)
(Zav'g. Proc. Lab. cont)
4 S4
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CPL(P) DS1.9 (2) (C6/06/80)(Ing. Proc. Lab. coat)
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DFL(P) DSI.9(2) (06/06/80)(12g. Proc. Lab. cont)
The scanning portion of the P-1700 (used for both B/W andcolor) consists of a rotating, horizontally aligred drum and amovable "C" carriage. One arm of the carriage soyes into and outof the open-ended drum along a line parallel to the drum's axis.The other arm of the carriage, rigid with respect to the firstarm, is located outside the drum. The medium to be scanned isattached to the periphery of the drum where a section of the wallhas been removed. Drum rotation and carriage movement provide theT and X scanning motions, respectively.
The light source is a halogen-filled incandescent lamplocated away from the carriage arsa; light is transmitted fromthe source to the carriage area by means of fiber optics bundles.For scanning transparencies, the light is emitted from the end ofthe arm within the carriage and transmitted through the trans-parency to a photodetector mounted on the carriage arm outsilethe drum. For scanning opaque media, the light is emitted fromthe carriage arm outside the drum and reflected from the mediumto the detector.
Before it is emitted, the light is transmitted through anoptical system that ensures uniform illumination, focusing, andspot size selection. Before its intensity is measured by thedensitometer photodetector, the light passes through an imagngaperture. Each measurement defines the density of one pixel. Theoutput from the photodetector is amplified logarithaically(giving a selectable Uensity range of O-2D or 3-3D) or liaearly(giving a transmittance range of 0 to 100 percent).
Around the circumference of the drum Cy direction) , theoptical density is measured at the selected pixel Interval. ftereach drum revolution, a precision lead screw and stepping motormove the "C" carriage axially (in the I direction) by the rasterwidth (pixel diaension) until the entire area of interest hasbeen scanned. Pixel positional accuracy in both X and Y is t2micrometers ran/ca. Once per revolution, the densitoaeter photo-detector is reset to an optical density of 0 as defined by zh@air path through an opening in the drum, or from a reflector onthe drum if an opaque medium is being scanned.
Writing oerati~ek
For write operations, eight-bit bytes from the computer areconverted to analog signals, which modulate a light source toexpose the photosensitive medium. The 2-1700 is used for writ .ngB/V images, and the C-43C0 is used for writ-ng color images. Thewritinq portion of each device Iacludes a rotating drum to whichthe unexposed medium is attached in a darkroom. The drum isenclosed in a light-tight cassette, vich can be easily attacaedto and removed from the device proper. (A slide openi=g on taecassette permits exposure of the madlua when the cassette is
A-4 -
7DPL(P) DS1.9() (06/06/80.)
(Ing. Proc. Lab. cont)
attached.) The optical system that writes on the film is locatedon a carriage under the cassette, and it is moved by the saaeprecision lead screw and stepping motor as the scanning carriage.
For the C-4300 (color writing), the optical system consistsof a white-light glow crater tube, a color-filter select assem-bly, a selectable aperture, and a lens system to focus the beamonto the film plane. The film is exposed at every selected rasterpoint along the circumference of the drum (Y direction) by pulsemodulation of the light beam, and the optical carriage is steppedin the axial (1) direction by the raster width after each revolu-tion of the drum, The C-4300 is capable of writing up to 32repeatable density levels for each primary color and has adynamic range of 0-2D.
The writing portion of the P-1700 (B/V writing) differs fromthe C-',300 principally in that a red light-emitting diode is usedas the source, rather than a white-lighz glow crater tube. Tilsdifference in light source allows B/W imagery to be written ithgreater or lesser resolution (smaller or larger pixel sizes)than color imagery. The P-1700 is capable of writing up to 64repeatable density levels and has a dynamic range of 0-2.5D.
Functional characteristics and specifications of the imageprocessing system are suaaized in Figure 4. k chart of the scanand write times as a function of specimen size (at differentresolutions) is given in .igure 5.
Figure 4Zmage Processing System
_ ugctional Chracteristics and Specification.Pixel/Rastoer Size ResolvableOveralign .. . in as Rance* _aL~vls
SCXN-_NG 12.5, 25, O, Q-2D or 0-3D 256Black & White 100, 200 & 4C0 or 0-100%Tand Color(2-1700)
; IEZZ IG 12.5, 25, 50, 0-2.5D 64Black 6 White 100, 20C & 400' t (P-1700)
I Z SG 25, 50, 100 6 200 0-2 32/ColorColor
* 0 (density) a Loq(1 ) CZ(i),(t)],- (transmittance) a CZ(t)/-(I)],where I (i) a incident" light and
1(t) a transmitted light
A-5
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