REFERENCE NOTE

No. 49/RN/Ref/November/2016

For the use of Members of Parliament NOT FOR PUBLICATION1

METRO RAIL PROJECTS IN INDIA

Prepared by Smt. Sunanda Das Mohanty, Additional Director (23035036) and Shri S.L. Dogra,

Deputy Director of Lok Sabha Secretariat under the supervision of Smt. Kalpana Sharma, Joint

Secretary.

The reference material is for personal use of the Members in the discharge of their Parliamentary duties, and is not for publication. This Service is not to be quoted as the source of information as it is based on the sources indicated at the end/in the text. This Service does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy or veracity of the information or views contained in the note/collection.

MEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE LARRDIS

LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI

METRO RAIL PROJECTS IN INDIA

INTRODUCTION

Metros are major capital assets of cities. Urban Metro1 Projects have proven

to be very useful in decongesting large cities. There are around 148 cities around

the world which has a metro system with nearly 540 metro lines, 9,000 stations and

11,000 kilometres of line infrastructure . The world’s metro systems carry 150

million passengers per day. The earliest metro system, the London Underground,

first electrified underground line opened in 1890, was the world's first metro

system. With more than 500 km of infrastructure, Shanghai has the world’s longest

Metro network. London is the longest non Asian Metro network in the ranking,

with New York, Moscow, Madrid and Paris.

INDIAN SCENARIO

Metro systems2 are often given preference as mass transit options for Indian

cities due to the belief that road-based bus systems cannot cater to capacity

requirements as much as metro systems. In addition to this metro rails are

perceived to have higher levels of comfort, speed and efficiency, than bus systems.

Metro Rail Project has been very useful in "promoting Low-Carbon Transport

(LCT) in India". The overall context in which the LCT project has been undertaken

is the critical role of the transport sector in reducing Green House Gas (CHG)

emissions. India's National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) recognises

1 A metro is an urban guided transport system, mostly on rails, running on an exclusive right-of-way without any

interference from other traffic or level crossings and mostly with some degree of drive automation and train protection. These design features allow high capacity trains to run with short headways and high commercial speed. Metros are therefore suitable for the carriage of high passenger flows. Most often, the right-of-way is either underground or elevated above street level. These systems generally operate at an average speed of 20-35 km/h, and are characterised by their high capacity (50,000-75,000 passengers per hour, per direction) and high frequency of operation. 2 The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for urban transport has recommended that all Indian cities with a population in excess

of 2 million start planning rail transit projects and cities with a population in excess of 3 million start constructing the metro rails.

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that GHG emissions from transport can be reduced by adopting a sustainability

approach through a combination of measures such as increased use of public

transport, higher penetration of bio-fuels and enhanced energy efficiency of

transport vehicles. The key objectives are, viz. (i) delineating an enabling

environment to achieve a sustainable transport system and (ii) enhancing capacity

of cities to improve mobility with lower CO2 emissions. Kolkata Metro is the

oldest metro system in the country. While the journey of modern Metro System in

India had started with the creation of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC)3.

With the inauguration of the latest Chennai Metro Phase-1 project on 21

September 2016, a total of 324 kilometres of metro rail have become operational in

the country-in the cities of Delhi and NCR, Gurgaon, Kolkata, Chennai,

Bengaluru, Jaipur and Mumbai. Around 520 kilometres are presently under

construction in various cities including Delhi and NCR, Kolkata, Chennai, Jaipur,

Mumbai, Kochi, Ahmedabad, Nagpur and Lucknow and another around 553

kilometres are under consideration.

Kolkata Metro : Kolkata Metro is the first underground Metro railway in

India. It extends from Noapara Port, Kolkata to Kavi Subhash station near

Patuli, the busy North-South axis of Kolkata Railway, kolkata (over a length

of 27.223 kms). The Metro railway, Kolkata was constructed progressively

from 1972 to 2013. In Phase-I a length of 16.450 kms from DumDum to

Tollygunge (Mahanayak Uttam Kumar) was completed in 1995 and in

Phase-II a length of 5.834 kms from Mahanayak Uttam Kumar to Kavi

Nazrul station was completed in August-2009. The last leg upto Kavi

3 Certified by the United Nations (UN) as the first Metro Rail and Rail based system in the world to get carbon

Credits for reducing Green House Gas emissions as it has helped to reduce pollution levels in the city by 6.3 lakh tons every year thus helping in reducing global warming.

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Subhash, a length of 2.851 kms, was opened in 8 October 2010, for

commercial operation. On 10 July 2013, Metro services were further

extended from DumDum to Noapara (2.091 kms).

Delhi Metro: The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) which opened its

first corridor in 2002, has been instrumental in ushering in a new era in the

sphere of mass urban transportation in India. The swanky and modern

Metro system introduced comfortable, air conditioned and eco-friendly

services for the first time in India and completely revolutionized the mass

transportation scenario not only in the National Capital Region but in the

entire country. Delhi Metro4 network consists of about 213 Km with 160

stations along with six more stations of the Airport Express Link5. The

network has now crossed the boundaries of Delhi to reach NOIDA and

Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh,Gurgaon and faridabad in Haryana.

Mumbai Metro : It aims to provide a Mass Rapid Transit System that

would supplement the inadequate suburban railway system of Mumbai by

bringing metro closer to the doorsteps of the people. With full-scale

operations of MML-3 (33.5 Km long corridor running along Colaba-Bandra-

SEEPZ) the city would witness significant reduction in traffic volumes and

the local transit facility would get a boost.

Chennai Metro : The Government of Tamil Nadu created a Special Purpose

Vehicle (SPV) for implementing the Chennai Metro Rail Project. This

project aims at providing the people of Chennai with a fast, reliable,

4 South Asia's first modern metro museum, showcasing the Delhi Metro, is opened in New Delhi, the only

such installation worldwide in an operational Metro station.

5 The Airport Express link between the Indira Gandhi International Airport and New Delhi has now

propelled Delhi to the league of global cities which have high speed rail connectivity between the city and the airport.

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convenient, efficient, modern and economical mode of public transport,

which is properly integrated with other forms of public and private transport

including buses, sub-urban trains and Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS).

Ahmedabad Metro : Ahmedabad – Gandhinagar Metro rail project is being

promoted with the objective of providing safe, fast and eco-friendly

transportation services to the public at affordable rates while simultaneously

reducing the congestion on the roads. The metro rail project will promote

integration with Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service (AMTS), Bus

Rapid Transit System(BRTS), Railways and other modes of public transit

system. The total length of the Ahmedabad Metro Rail Project Phase-I is

about 39.259 km. The project will connect 4 corners of the Ahmedabad city

with 2 corridors and 32 stations. The North-South Corridor with a length of

18.522 km will connect Motera Stadium to APMC, Vasna and will have 15

stations. The length of East-West corridors is 20.737 kms with 17 stations.

Jaipur Metro : The Government of Rajasthan has set up the "Jaipur Metro

Rail Corporation Ltd." as a wholly owned company of the State

Government for implementation of Jaipur Metro Rail Project. The project is

planned along two corridors. The East-West Corridor from Mansarovar to

Badi Chaupar, with a total length of 12.067 Kms. is being executed as

phase-I of the project. The North-South Corridor from Ambabari to Sitapura

with a total length of 23.099 Kms is phase-II of the project.

Bangalore Metro: Bangalore Metro is christened as "Namma Metro". The

project has an East-West corridor - 18.10 km long, starting from

Baiyappanahalli in the East and terminating at Mysore Road terminal in the

West and a 24.20 km North-South corridor commencing at Nagasandra in

the North and terminating at Puttenahalli in the South. The Bangalore Metro

started its commercial operation on 21 October 2011.

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Kochi Metro : Kochi Metro is the first Metro Rail Project in Kerala. The

project has started with the estimated cost of Rs. 5181.79 crore and will

connect various points of the city from Aluba to Petta with 22 Stations.

Rapid Metro Gurgaon : Rapid Metro is a fully elevated Rapid Transit

System for the commuters and citizens of Gurgaon, Haryana, which

provides a transport solution for areas in and around Cyber City, DLF Phase

2, DLF Phase 3 and NH-8 and also providing connectivity to Delhi Metro

from Sikanderpur Station.

CONCLUSION

Metro Rail Projects6 in cities are considered inevitable for efficient urban

transport by many planners and policy makers. However, these projects have major

implications for achieving inclusive sustainable low-carbon development goals

and, thus, providing the cheap and efficient transport alternative to the common

masses.

6 Details of stretches of Metro Projects, funds sanctioned and progresses are given at Annexures-I to IV.

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SOURCES CONSULTED:

1. http://moud.gov.in

2. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/metro-museum.aspx

3. http://www.metrorailnews.in

4. Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 6 dated February 24, 2016

5. Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 672 dated July 20, 2016

6. PIB Release, Ministry of Urban Development dated 21 September, 2016

7. Promoting Low Carbon Transport in India: Case study of Metro Rails in

Indian Cities, June 2014

8. www.india.uitp.org.

Annexure-I

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*Projects under appraisal/approval**Project returned to take up with State Government funding.

Annexure-II

Details of funds sanctioned and released by Government of India and utilization of funds during the last three years and current year by Metro Corporations on 50:50 Joint Venture between Government of India and the concerned State/UT Governments

Annexure-III

Details of progress of under construction and sanctioned Metro projects being implemented on 50:50 Joint Venture of Government of India and State/UT Government

Annexure-IV

Details of ongoing and sanctioned Metro Rail Projects being implemented on 50:50 equity sharing joint venture between Government of India and the concerned State/UT Governments running behind schedule