MEMORY

What is memory?

Memory: The retention of information over time

3 Ways our memory works:

Encoding: How information gets into memory

Storage: The retention of information over time

Retrieval: Finding information in memory stores and bringing it to awareness

WHAT NUMBERS DO YOU SEE?

7 , 9 , 11 , 13 …

MEMORY ENCODING

Encoding can be automatic and effortless or require effort and processing.

WHICH LETTER COMES NEXT?

N , Y , X , M , __?

N , Y , X , M , V

MEMORY STORAGE

Sensory Memory:Echoic-

Iconic memory:

Working or Short-Term Memory

Working memory: limited capacity memory in which information is retained for about 18-30 seconds.

Also called “working memory” because it helps us do much of our mental work.

Working memory has limited storage capacity – 7 ± 2 (5-9 items).

Serial position effect: Recall is superior for the items at the beginning of a list and the end of a list.

REHEARSAL & CHUNKING

Rehearsal is a conscious repetition of information; increases time information stays in memory.

Example: Getting a phone number.

Chunking is an organizational strategy that involves grouping information together into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units.

9157355524343034178639

Chunking is an organizational strategy that involves grouping information together into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units.

9157355524343034178639

1 (573) 555-2434; (303)417-8639; pin #

3 TYPES OF MEMORIES

Episodic: Memory for __________________

Procedural: Memory for how to _____ something

Semantic: Knowledge about the _____________

LONG-TERM MEMORY

Long-term memory: relatively permanent memory that holds huge amounts of information for long periods of time.

TIME & EMOTION

How do we remember?

Write down what you did last Friday night.

Memories are not so much recalled as they are constructed (or reconstructed.)

Tip of the Tongue (TOT)

Retrieval CuesRECALL

Who won the election of 2000?

Where do the Nuggets play?

CUED RECALL:

Which is easier?Recall:

Who was President before George W. Bush?

Or

Recognition:

Who was President before George W. Bush?

a. Obama b. Bush Sr. c. Clinton d. Regan

How reliable are memories?

Did You Know?

Up to 25% of adults remember childhood events that did not happen