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Memory, Retention and Performance
James E Van Arsdall EdDAmerican National Government
Human Relations SkillsHistory
List principles of adult learning, memory and retention
Objectives: As a result of this presentation you should be able to:
List methods of test preparation and review
Objectives: As a result of this presentation you should be able to:
Demonstrate relaxation techniques applicable to retention and performance.
Objectives: As a result of this presentation you should be able to:
A RELATIVELY PERMANENT
CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR
THAT COMES AS THE RESULT OF
A PLANNED EXPERIENCE
LEARNING
A PLANNED EXPERIENCE
THAT BRINGS ABOUT A CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR
TEACHING
•COGNITIVE - Knowledge
•AFFECTIVE - Attitudes
•PSYCHOMOTOR - Skills
TYPES OF LEARNING
•Participation is usually voluntary
•Slight familiarity with class routine
•More life experience
(+ or - impact on learning)
PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
•Varied teaching = higher retention
*20 MINUTE RULE
•Time perspective is important
*IMMEDIATE USAGE
PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
Learner must take ownership of objectives
PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
Retention
Reading - 10%Hearing - 20%Seeing - 30%Seeing/Hearing - 50%Saying - 70%Saying/Doing - 90%
S4R/QS = SurveyR = ReadR = ReciteR = (W)riteR = Review------------------------------Q = Question
Memory and Retention
In twenty minute segments or with twenty minute breaks.
Six minutes after you learned.
Review
Ten hours after you have learned
Four times as large as the previous time. (40 hours later for third time)
Review
Four times as large as the previous time as needed.
Review
Characteristics of Poor Listeners
1. Avoiding experience
2. Lacking interest
3. Criticizing delivery
Characteristics of Poor Listeners
4. Getting too worked up
5. Listening for facts only
6. Outlining everything
7. Faking attention
Characteristics of Poor Listeners
8. Tolerating distractions
9. Wasting thought power
10. Lacking preparation
Good Listening Skills
MOTIVATIONREACTIONCONCENTRATION
Good Listening Skills
ORGANIZATIONCOMPREHENSIONREPETITION
Good Listening Skills
In order for effective listening to take place, a person must be MOTIVATED.
Good Listening Skills
If he/she decides to avoid the experience of listening to a given encode, this person is showing that he/she is not interested in what is being said, they will not be able to REACT to the communication that is the first step in decoding or interpreting the information.
Good Listening Skills
Criticizing the speaker's delivery or getting too worked up about something he has said can interrupt a listener's CONCENTRATION. Either faking attention or tolerating distractions will make true concentration very difficult.
Good Listening SkillsSince ORGANIZATION and COMPREHENSION are also necessary for effective listening to take place, if a person listens only for facts he/she might not comprehend the unity and coherence of the speaker. On the other hand, if a person outlines everything, he/she might appear to be well organized, but might not be interpreting the full intent of the communication.
Good Listening Skills
Wasting thought power by daydreaming or thinking about something other than what is being said will also disrupt COMPREHENSION. The speaker often uses explanations and illustrations to reinforce a point they are trying to make.
Good Listening Skills
While this REPETITION or explanation might encourage some poor listeners to waste thought power by thinking about other things, it is important for communication because it suggests that which the speaker feels is important.
Current research has clearly documented that test coaching and preparation can significantly increase information retention and test performance. Any examination tests your skill in two basic areas:
Memory and Test Taking
•1. Knowledge, retention and application of the technical material.
•2. Skill and familiarity with test taking and and basic question and test types.
Test Item AnalysisDiscrimination (Discr)-1.00 to +1.00
Difficulty (Diff).00 to 1.00
Imagination
Association
Two Principles of Perfect Memory
WordsOrder
SequenceNumber
Left Brain
ColorRhythm
DimensionDaydreaming
Right Brain
Nutrition and MemoryCholine Green leafy vegetables Improves memory
Vitamin B12 Dairy products, fish, meats
Deficiency impairs memory and concentration
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Wheat germ, green leafy vegetables, lean meats
Need for good memory
Vitamin B6 Brewer’s yeast, bananas, peanuts, poultry
Needed for concentration
Nutrition and MemoryVitamin C Citrus fruits, tomatoes,
broccoli, green peppersRemoves toxins; reduces stress; helps concentration
Calcium Dairy products, green leafy vegetables
Deficiency impairs memory
Physical Exercise Running, jogging, walking, swimming
Reduces stress; improves memory by increasing the oxygen flow to brain
Relaxation Exercise Deep breathing Reduces stress; increases oxygen to brain; improves concentration
Super Learning MethodsGeorgi Lozanov (Bulgarian Physician)
1. Relaxation2. Visualization3. Joy of Learning - Positive Thinking4. Breathing with Baroque Largo Music
(60 beats per minute)5. Review
Summary and ConclusionTips
Try Mindtools Web Site to Improve Your memory.
http://www.mindtools.com
How to Improve Your Memory
Time, June 12, 2000
http://www.time.com