MENA Development Report On Water Making the Most of Scarcity MNA Water Seminar June 28, 2007 World Bank Tokyo Satoru Ueda
Transcript
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MENA Development Report On Water Making the Most of Scarcity
MNA Water Seminar June 28, 2007 World Bank Tokyo Satoru Ueda
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Active MENA Portfolio Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran Iraq
Jordan Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Saudi Arabia Syria Tunisia WBG
Yemen Qatar UAE Lending up to US$100 million Lending over US$100
million Reimbursable Technical Assistance
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World Bank Lending to the Water Sector in MENA Water Supply and
Sanitation Water Resources Management Irrigation and Drainage *
Fiscal year 2007 figures are forecasts Active Portfolio # US$1.7
billion 25 Projects 9 Countries # FY07 approvals up to March 31,
2007
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How will our actions today change this landscape tomorrow?
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Why did we do this report? Many excellent reports outline
strategies for water actors This report shows how non-water sectors
must also act Analyses political economic context that might enable
reform
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Outline of presentation Accelerate pace of reform Involve
non-water sectors Find opportunities in changing political economy
Turn promise into reality through accountability
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Accelerate the pace of reform.
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Overview Key Sector Issues in MENA Water Scarcity has been a
fact of life in MENA Management of resources is inefficient Unclear
policies on cost recovery and subsidies World Bank Water Sector
Program in MENA Future Outlook Accountability for better water
management
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Situation is already critical Annual renewable water resources
per capita
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Deterioration of water quality is already costly
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And growing populations mean scarcity will get worse Population
Per capita water availability will fall by half by 2050
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And climate change likely to reduce rainfall by at least
20%
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MENA countries are spending heavily on water
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Not getting full benefits from public investment Command area
of dams, compared to area equipped for irrigation
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Water infrastructure often not used because of shortages Dams
in Morocco are often less than half full
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Public funds subsidize services that provide mainly private
benefits Operating cost coverage ratio for cities >1mn
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Water Access is High, But Supply is often limited and service
is intermittent Resource allocation policy, i.e., most of the water
is allocated to lower value uses (agriculture vs. domestic) Low
levels of cost recovery resulting in lack of funding to adequately
manage and operate facilities
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In Wastewater Some facilities operate at levels lower than
design capacity or are non-operational Insufficient level of
connections to the wastewater network Lack of funding for operation
and maintenance
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Problem well known yet progress has been slow, for many
reasons
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Yet region has history of adapting to water scarcity Societies
developed over millennia to deal with scarcity Public institutions
led investments in large infrastructure systems Institutions now
need to adapt to new realities
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And promising initiatives emerging across the region Private
sector investing in irrigation infrastructure Users taking control
of their irrigation water and infrastructure Technological advances
reducing price of desalination User associations to monitor
groundwater
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What can be done: 1. Involve non-water sectors
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Many factors affect water outcomes Energy prices Trade policies
Public finance Employment opportunities
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What can be done: 2. Find opportunities in the changing
political economy
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Potential opportunity as political dynamics may be changing
Interest Groups Policy-Makers Political Economy Social &
Cultural Forces Economic Forces Environmental Forces Technical
Options Institutions Water outcomes Desal costs Migration,
increased education
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Spotting changes in the political economy and making the most
out of them to improve Cost Recovery Management and operation of
facilities Putting in place appropriate incentives
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Opportunity for reform greatest while change is underway
Important transformations on the horizon Important to prepare for
potential opportunities Harder to reform after new situation is
consolidated
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What can be done? 3. Improve accountability to users
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Public accountability will be key to turning opportunities into
improved water outcomes
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Greater accountability helps all aspects of water management
Governments and service providers must be accountable to users
Provides information necessary for making and enforcing decisions
that reflect everyones needs Ensures that governments and service
providers see consequences of actions Helps improve how well public
money is spent
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To recap .. Accelerate pace of reform Involve non-water sectors
Find opportunities in changing political economy Turn promise into
reality through accountability
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What does this mean for us all? This is a challenge the region
can meet, but action is needed Water is everyones business all
sectors must play their part Improving accountability to users is a
key step to realizing the opportunities presented by changing
world
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With these changes, water the essential resource -- can help
MENAs people thrive