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1 Mengapa Video Conference ? April 2012 Wihnanto Nugroho
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Mengapa Video Conference ?
April 2012
Wihnanto Nugroho
Agenda Training
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Pengenalan
Network
H323 Gatekeeper dan SIP Proxy
MCU
Break
Streaming dan Archiement
H.323 Endpoints
Kodisi Ruangan dan Lingkungan
Video Conference Etika
Kebiasaan saat Video Conference
Penggunaan di Pemerintahan dan Departemen
Kuis dan Tanya Jawab
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Pengenalan
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Sesi Apa dan Bagaimana ?
Sesi ini adalah hanya sebagai masukan dari Anda tentang pengalaman dan pertanyaan apapun
Tidak ada pertanyaan yang salah ataupun memalukan !
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Apakah Video Conference ?
A real-time data video, pertukaran informasi dua atau lebih secara geografis lokasi menggunakan data audio, video dan aplikasi video.
Ini bukan web conferencing, video chat, casting web, atau streaming
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Perbedaan Teknologi
Standards-based:– H.320: videoconferencing dengan media ISDN
lines– H.321: videoconferencing media ADSL– H.323: videoconferencing dengan media
kompresi packet-based IP– SIP: multimedia multicast transmissions via IP
Saat ini digunakan lebih dalam Voice over transmisi IP, tetapi perlahan-lahan bergerak ke dalam dunia videoconference
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Perbedaan Teknologi
Not Standards-based:– Access Grid (AG)– Virtual Room VideoConferencing System (VRVS)– DVTS- SCCP- TIP
Beberapa teknologi telah membuat atau menciptakan interoperabilitas dengan H.323
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Conferencing vs. Broadcasting
Conferencing Live Video Seperti panggilan
telepon Two-way / dua arah Memanggil dan
memutuskan panggilan
Broadcasting Live atau on demand Serti Televisi, ada
Channel One-way / searah Tune-in atau URL Streaming Webcasting
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Standards
International Telecommunications Union ( ITU ) melakukan ratifikasi dan standarisasi dalam berkomunikasi dan membuat kesinambungan antar teknologi seperti; H323
Berbagai macam pihak dan vendor melakukan kajian standarisasi dan dimengikuti panduan bagaimana mengembangkan teknologi tersebut.
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H.320 ISDN vs. H.323 IP
H.320 ISDN Harus terhubung ke
PSTN Biaya yang besar untuk
setiap line Sambungan berbayar Tidak semua Provider
menyediakan layanan ini dan tidak semua tempat
H.323 IP Dengan media IP baik
Internet atau VPN Fix cost dari biaya ISP Mudah untuk di
aplikasikan dan mudah untuk di maanfaatkan dengan jalur data
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H.323 Standard
H.323 adalah acuan stadarisasi untuk pengelompokan dan pengaturan teknologi– Audio
G.711, G.722, G.722.1, G.723.1, G.728, G.729
– Video H.264, H.263, H.261
– Data H.239, T.120
– Tambahan : Call Control, Directories, Transversal Call
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Jenis Video Algorithms
H.261 adalah protokol standar paling lama di gunakan– Aloritma paling lama dari tahun 1990 dan
biasanya di gunakan ISDN/ H.320
H.263 adalah protokol dikembangan untuk koneksi video via line telephone– Dimulia tahun 1995 dan dikembangkan untuk
video asymetris
H.264 dikenal dengan MPEG-4– Dimulai dari pengembangan broadcast awal 2003
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Bagaimana ini menjadi penting ?
Setiap algoritma codec video memberikan pengembangan yang lebih baik dari pengolahan kompresi dan dan kualitas
Setiap codec baru memberikan kualitas video yang lebih baik pada kecepatan rendah, Ini berarti bahwa 768 kbps panggilan menggunakan video H.261 tampak sebagai baik sebagai 384 kbps panggilan menggunakan video H.264
Hal ini dapat membuat tampilan berbasis satelit konferensi video sama baiknya dengan teresterial ( FO atau Radio )
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Video Tambahan H.239
H.239 adalah standar protocol untuk melakukan pengiriman 2 source video yang berbeda “duo-video” atau “people+content”
Memungkinkan gambar VGA di transmisikan melalui videoconference dengan resolusi 1024x768
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Komponen Unit Sistem H.323
Network– backbone dari panggilan H.323
H323 Gatekeepers dan SIP Proxy– Pengendali dan pengaturan sinyal perangkat
endpoint H.323
Multipoint Control Units (MCU)– Perangkat network yang memungkinkan
melakukan sesi video secara bersamaan
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Komponen Unit Sistem H.323
Terminals/Endpoints– Perangkat H.323 Video Conference
Streaming dan Archiement– Pengembangan untuk media satu arah konten
gambar dan suara
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Networkdan Bandwith
Backbone Quality for Successfull Conferencing
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Pengkabelan dan Akses Kabel
3rd floor
Ethernet switch horizontal wiring station cable devicedatajack
iMac
Biasanya menggunakan kabel unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) :
• CAT 3 [old] supports 10 Mbps Ethernet (10base-T)• CAT 5 [modern] supports 10base-T, 100 Mbps (100base-
TX) and 5e supports 1000 Mbps (1000base-T) Ethernet • CAT 6 [new] supports CAT 5 applications +
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Pengkabelan dan Akses Kabel
Kualitas dan penggunaan berpengaruh terhadap transmisi– pastikan kebutuhan kabel UTP anda!
Penting untuk memperhatikan• Jangan menggunakan kabel sub-CAT 5 untuk kecepatan diatas 100 Mbps
• Silver Satin CAT 5 untuk Telephone bukan Video.
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Ethernet LAN
Bandwidths di LAN adalah 10 / 100 / 1000 Mbps Full- dan Half-Duplex
– Half-duplex: mengirimkan dan menerima pada pair jalur yang sama, peralatan hanya dapat mengirim atau menerima pada satu waktu, dan harus mempehatikan coalision dan paket-paket dari perangkat lain.
– Full-duplex: mengirimkan dan menerima pada pair jalur yang sama, peralatan hanya dapat mengirim atau menerima pada waktu yang berbeda , peralatan dapat mengirim dan menerima secara simultan dan tidak perlu memperhatikan paket data.
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Ethernet LAN
– full-duplex is not consistently implemented on old 10 Mbps Ethernet equipment – test before your conference to be sure it works.
– 100 Mbps supports half- and full-duplex.– Modern devicescan auto-sense speed and duplex.
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LAN: Switches vs. Hubs
Hubs (repeaters) sifatnya hanya memperkuat sinyal.
Repeater mengirimkan (mengulangi) paket yang datang pada satu port ke port lain. coalision terjadi, dan sehingga hanya dapat beroperasi dalam modus half-duplex.
Bandwidth dibagi di antara semua perangkat dan coalision transmisi menyebabkan jitter.
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LAN: Switches vs. Hubs
Switch adalah perangkat yang berdasarkan pengalamatan yang terhubung, dan mengirimkan paket secara langsung dan hanya untuk target titik akhir.
Karena hanya 2 endpoint dapat berbicara (tidak ada colaision), mereka berdua bisa berbicara pada waktu yang sama (full duplex).
Menyediakan bandwidth yang lebih konsisten dan latency (jitter rendah).Switch lebih diutamakan untuk videoconference
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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex
Salah satu penyebab paling umum dari masalah performa pada link Ethernet 10/100Mb adalah ketika satu port pada link beroperasi pada half-duplex sedangkan port lainnya beroperasi pada full-duplex.
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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex
Jika salah satu ujung sambungan diatur untuk auto-negosiasi dan gagal melihat auto-negosiasi di ujung lain, standar mengharuskan akhir otomatis bernegosiasi mengatur dirinya sendiri ke default half-duplex. Jika perangkat lain ditetapkan untuk full duplex, kualitas video akan turun
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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex
Yakinkan untuk sistem Video Conference memiliki ketidakteraturan yang memungkinkan r memilih kecepatan full dan half- duplex menjadi AUTO, Pastikan Anda memiliki kecepatan ethernet saat ini yakni 100m atau 1000m.
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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex
switch device switch device
auto auto auto autohalf half half halffull full full full
auto full BAD! half fullfull auto BAD! full half
auto half half halfhalf auto half half
SETTINGS RESULTS
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LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex
Rekomendasi:
–Jangan menggunakan HUB untuk system videoconferencing.
–Jika kabel dalam gedung adalah CAT 5 atau lebih baik, maka port switch mengatur dan perangkat untuk 100/full, kecepatan ini lebih didukung oleh switch dan perangkat.
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Router
Menyediakan sambungan ke WAN atau Internet.
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WAN Segments
Service Speed Sample Uses
T1 1.5 Mbps remote building; extension center
DS3 45 Mbps inter-city ; Internet (I1) connection
OC3 155 Mbps inter-city ; I1 & Internet2 connection
OC12 622 Mbps I1 backbones; Internet2 connection
OC 48 2.4 Gbps I1 and Internet2 backbones
1&10 Gigabit 1 or 10 Gbps
advanced inter-city connections utilizing FO
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Internet2 Global Indonesia Backbone
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Transportasi Data di Network
Tipe transport protocol:– IP
TCPUDP
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Transportasi Data di Network
Unicast : one-to-one Multicast: one-to-many Broadcast: one-to-every
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Unicast
Transport data pada umumnya Aplikasi umum: mail, web browsing,
file transfer, etc.
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IP Multicast
Trasnmisi one to many Contoh aplikasi :
– Streaming
Hati-hati: tingginya tingkat tranport multicast dapat mempengaruhi kinerja konferensi video.
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Broadcast
Sistem transport on to every Digunakan oleh protokol jaringan termasuk ARP,
NetBIOS, dan DNS. Semua perangkat pada jaringan harus memproses
setiap paket siaran; tingkat tinggi siaran dapat mengalihkan kapasitas pengolahan.
Jika domain broadcast yang terlalu besar atau luar biasa aktif, aktivitas yang dibutuhkan pada titik akhir untuk menangani siaran bisa mengurangi kinerja.
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Multicast and Unicast Video Broadcasting
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Firewalls
Firewall adalah sistem node jaringan yang bertindak untuk melakukan pengamanan dan kebijakan kontrol akses antara dua jaringan, misalnya, antara intranet departemen dan Internet l.
Digunakan untuk mengamankan sumber daya TI terhadap serangan eksternal dan pembobolan.
Lapisan jaringan firewall biasanya membuat keputusan mereka berdasarkan nomor port dan sumber / tujuan alamat.
Aplikasi-lapisan firewall bertindak sebagai proxy.
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Firewalls
H.323 menggunakan ports IP:– Statis - assigned port TCP 1719 - 1720 dan 1731 untuk call setup dan call kontrol.
– Dynamically-assigned port UDP di range 1024 – 65535 untuk data video dan audio.
Firewall tidak mengizinkan port tidak dibatasi.
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Firewalls – Solutions untuk H.323
Biarkan port yang tidak terbatas untuk range port tertentu, yang dikenal seperti HTTP, SMTP, POP, harus di filter dari eksternal IP alamat.
Gunakan fitur dari beberapa klien videoconference untuk membatasi port dinamis untuk port yang lebih spesifik.[OK, tapi pekerjaan admin tambahan]
Gunakan proxy aplikasi H.323.[Solusi Terbaik] Gunakan firewall yang bisa membukan port pada panggilan H.323, set port statis untuk sinyal dan kontrol dan membuka port untuk audio / video (port dinamis) sesuai kebutuhan.
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NAT (Network Address Translation)
Memungkinkan beberapa berbasis IP di LAN dan berada di belakang NAT untuk berbagi satu alamat IP jaringan eksternal.
Kegunaan:• Mengurangi kekurangan alamat IP• Keamanan - mengaburkan pandangan jaringan dari luar /
internet• Fleksibel administrasi jaringan
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NAT (Network Address Translation)
Adminstrator jaringan akan kesulitan menggunakan H.323 di belakang NAT.
Beberapa unit videoconferencing terminals menyediakan fitur mendukung translate NAT.
Pilih terminal yang mendukung fitur Firewall / NAT traversal sebagai solusi untuk perangkat
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Solusi untuk NAT
Pilih Terminal memiliki Firewall / NAT traversal solusi dibangun untuk perangkat mereka, meskipun ini adalah proprietary vendor tertentu solusi
Fitur “Fix Port" hanya bekerja pada point-to-point call bisa di jadikan alternatif.
H.460.17, 18, 19 adalah berbasis standar solusi yang disahkan ITU menjadi H.323 untuk memudahkan akses via Firewall dan NAT Traversal
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H.460.17/18/19 Firewall Traversal
Bekerja dengan mebuat pin-holes pada jalur Firewall dan seolah olah H323 video call bisa menembus firewall anda baik untuk masuk dan keluar ke Internet
Menggunakan port range tertentu yang bekerja secara dinamis
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Latency
Latency adalah waktu yang diperlukan untuk paket yang melintasi jaringan dari sumber ke tujuan.
Komponen yang bagian dari latency :– Propagasi delay: waktu yang diperlukan untuk melintasi jarak dari garis transmisi.
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Latency
Transmisi delay: waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk sumber untuk menempatkan sebuah paket pada jaringan. Aturan untuk perangkat jaringan umum: <1ms.Untuk H.323 ini termasuk waktu untuk encode / decode video
Store-and-forward delay: panjang kumulatif dari waktu yang diperlukan perangkat internetworking sepanjang jalan untuk menerima, mengolah, dan mengirim ulang paket, variabel, dan tergantung pada beban jaringan.
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Latency
Delay satu arah dari: 0-150 ms menyediakan interaktivitas yang sangat baik 150-300 ms OK 300 - 400 ms adalah buruk Lebih 400 ms tidak dapat diterima Delay satelit dalam kisaran “up 700 ms", tapi Anda akan
menemukan bahwa Anda terbiasa dengan delay dengan teknologi lipsycn ( singkronisasi gerak dan suara )
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Jitter
Jitter adalah variasi dalam latency dari waktu ke waktu.
Jika titik akhir berada di switched LAN, maka sumber utama jitter adalah variasi dalam waktu pengiriman data, yang dihasilkan dari beban jaringan.
Media tranport jaringan dipengaruhi oleh tingginya tingkat jitter. Jika sebuah paket tiba terlambat, maka akan dibuang tanpa digunakan.
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Jitter
Perangkat konferensi video dapat menempatkan paket dalam buffer dan membaca mereka keluar dengan waktu yang tepat, tapi penyangga menambahkan latensi untuk konferensi.
Sebagai contoh, Perangkat Video Conference dapat memperbaiki sampai sekitar 75 ms jitter. Di atas itu, paket-paket akan tiba terlambat terlalu digunakan.
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Packet Loss
Packet loss biasanya karena link padat dan coalisi di router.
– 1% paling bisa diterima
– 5% menjadi patokan untuk toleransi
– >5% tidak dapat menghasilkan frame gambar yang bagus dan penurunan kualitas
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QoS (Quality of Service)
Sebuah metode pemberian beberapa paket prioritas yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain.
Berguna di lebih dimanfaatkan intranet - link WAN.
Perhatian!Konfigurasi pada router yang salah bisa mengakibatkan penurunan kulitas traffic data dan video, misalnya, packet loss meningkatkan jitter , dan data melambat tetapi video conference kulitasnya masih kurang.
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QoS (Quality of Service)
Caranya:Beberapa terminal konferensi video dapat mengatur bit IP precedence. Gunakan bahwa untuk menandai dan antrian prioritas pada WAN.
Atau:Gunakan Proxy H.323 untuk konsolidasi lalu lintas ke sebuah alamat, router daftar akses untuk menandai, dan antrian prioritas pada WAN.
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Indentifikasi Problem
Scenario– Terdapat 2 cabang departemen dan kantor dimana kulitas video conference sangat buruk
– Setiap user didukung oleh kelompok yang berbeda dari insinyur videoconference.
– Setiap departemen didukung oleh kelompok yang berbeda dari admin jaringan.
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Indentifikasi Problem
Problem– Bagaimana pengguna mendapatkan tepat waktu, dan kualitas video yang diterima?
– Bagaimana penyelesaian masalah jaringan terkoordinasi?
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Indentifikasi Problem
HambatanBagian, jadwal, dan prioritas yang tidak memiliki komuniaksi.
Tidak ada satu engineer memiliki pemahaman yang lengkap dari seluruh jaringan jalan.
Tidak ada engineer atau admin jaringan yang bisa mendapatkan akses ke semua node jaringan (router, switch) sepanjang jalan untuk memeriksa masalah.
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Solusi Problem
Solutions– Menjelaskan semua akar masalah untuk jaringan dan video
conference di semua departemen.– Menetapkan komunikasi yang handal, dan memaksimalkan
pemanfaatan alat.– Mengadakan pertemuan teratur; membawa semua admin
jaringan dan admin video conference bersama di satu tempat dan waktu untuk berbagi informasi.
– Memiliki dokumentasi jaringan yang baik untuk semua jaringan.– Latih dan gunakan admin video conference dalam untuk
memahami masalah jaringan dan alat
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H323 Gatekeeper dan SIP Proxy
Bringing control to your multimedia traffic
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What is a gatekeeper?
Physically it is a server that can be located anywhere on the network
Functionally very similar to a DNS server that does Address lookup
Adds some control functionality Creates an “H.323 zone”
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H.323 Zone
Definition– A single gatekeeper and all of the end points (clients, MCUs, and gateways) that register with the gatekeeper.
Typically is a community– E.g. University or organization
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Gatekeepers Provide:
Admission ControlCall AuthorizationAddress TranslationsBandwidth ManagementZone ManagementCall Signal RoutingManagement Functions
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Typical Gatekeeper Components
Gatekeeper Core FunctionalityWeb Server ManagementSNMP Services
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Basic Operation
Endpoints register with gatekeeper– This is a one time administrative task
Endpoint asks gatekeeper for permission to place call to another endpoint
Endpoint signals call with other endpointEndpoints exchange media directlyEndpoints disconnect, notify gatekeeper
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Technical Description
Uses TCP port 1720, UDP Port 1719, 1718– 1720 for Q.931 call control– 1719 H.225 Registration, Admission, and Status
messages (RAS)– 1718 GK discovery
Deals with H.225, H.245, Q.931– H.225: RAS as above but also call control and call
setup messages– H.245: Media control and Transport signaling
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Gatekeeper Functionality
Services: – Setup for point-to-point calls– Provides access to multipoint conferences
and gateways Neighbor Gatekeepers:
– Provides inter-zone communication Network Topology:
– Allow administrator to employ traffic shaping
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Gatekeeper Functionality
Endpoints: – Live list of registered users
Call Control: – Live list of active calls– Handy when you consider doing upgrades
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Client Authorization
Open Gatekeepers– anyone can register
Predefined EndpointsLDAP Authenticated Endpoints
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Configuration Considerations
Neighbors– Can neighbor with everyone individually– Join a dialing plan
Choose a registration mode– Open, predefined, authenticated
Choose a routing mode– Direct, Call Setup, Call Setup and Call Control
(negotiation)
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Gatekeeper to Gatekeeper Communication
Like with telephones, it is possible to “call out” of your local system if your system is connected to the “outside world”
Initialy we used neighbor tables and individual exit codes for each gatekeeper that we had defined in our gatekeepers
As more and more organizations installed gatekeepers, neighbor tables became larger and more difficult to manage
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Gatekeeper to Gatekeeper Communication
Then the Trans European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA) came up with a plan to use a hierarchy of gatekeepers
Zone prefixes and extension numbers are defined by the national managing agent - usually the National Research Network (NRN) in that country
ViDe also joined in the adoption of this plan
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E164 Space
Based upon the ITU-T e.164 telephone number assigned to the current subscriber of a range of telephone numbers
For example, if a university held +1.919.226.6100 through +1.919.226.6199, then that university would be eligible for the GDS prefix 00191922661. That university could assign the remaining two digits to endpoints 00-99
Aside from maintaining direct inward dial (DID) capability for endpoints, there is no reason to limit endpoint numbering to two digits
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SIP Proxy
Getting two different technologies to talk to each other
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SIP Proxy
Take one technology and make it work with another– SIP to IP (SIP to H.323)– Any combination of the above technologies
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SIP Proxy
Standalone box Special card for blade-style H323
Gatekeeper dan SIP Proxy Build it yourself Dual function endpoint
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Stand Alone SIP Proxy
Typically a rack mount box with inputs for different types of lines (ATM, E1, IP)
Web interface for administration
SIP Proxy
The addition of SIP to the framework for the future of enterprise video conferencing
– Leveraging existing IETF open standards– Ensuring higher levels of interoperability with third parties– Maintaining a sophisticated feature set that is consistent and
compatible with today’s H.323 video solutionHighlights include: H.323-SIP inter-working, with a common subset of telephony features Call admission control and video enablement policies Bandwidth management
– Priority video callers– Cumulative pools for audio and video– Call rate negotiation
Video Conferencing (scheduled and ad-hoc)
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Multipoint Control Units (MCUs)
Bringing many together at once
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Multipoint Control Units: Hardware vs Software
Hardware• Dedicated, real-time
operating system• Generally work well• RADVISION• Polycom • Tandberg• Codian• LifeSize
Software• Most based on Windows or
Unix OS on a server• Processor speed catching
up to make them more reliable
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MCU Control Functions
Defining a conference– Ongoing conference or scheduled– Connection Speed– Number of connections allowed– Voice Switched (VS) or– Continuous Presence (CP)
Many different layouts
Operating a conference– Dial In versus Dial Out
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MCU Control Functions
Monitoring a conference– Check to be sure it is fully attended– Mute unruly participants
Monitoring an MCU– MCU Status reports
Cascading MCUs– MCUs calling MCUs for really big conferences
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MCUs available in the market
RADVISION ViaIP (Legacy?)– Up to 100 ports at 384k VS– Powerful, reliable; ECS Gatekeeper– Gatekeeper required for dial in, but not dial out
Radvision Scopia– Chassis-based system or stand alone box– HD capabilities– Scopia Desktop
Tandberg
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MCUs Available in the Market
Polycom MGC (used to be Accord) Codian
– MCU 4200 (SD)– MCU 4500 (HD)
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RADVISION SCOPIA MCU
Newest MCU offerings from RADVISION Blade-style technology in multiple chassis
form factors The combination of blades in the system will
determine the capacity in standard and high definition
Built in web server for configuration
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Polycom MGC
3 Flavors, 25, 50 and 100Capacity varies by configurationSupport for H.264Can support ISDN, IP and ATMSeparate Software controlPriced by configurationBuilt-in reservation capability
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Tandberg MCU
16 users, 3 simultaneous conferencesSupport for H.264Embedded EncryptionSupports ISDN and IPEmbedded web server for control and configurationSmall 1U form factor, 19” Rack-mountable
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Codian MCU 4200
6, 12, 20, 30 and 40 port Standard Definition 12, 20, 30, and 40 port High Definition Embedded web server for control and configuration Built-in streaming available for conferences Direct IP-based dialing and Gatekeeper-based
dialing– For IP-based dialing you need to take Far end camera
control or use DTMF tones
Small 1U form factor, 19” Rack-mountable
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HD MCUs
Radvision, Codian, Tandberg and Polycom all have HD support on their MCUs
Some will require new hardware or software to run HD
Definition of “HD” videoconferencing depends on the manufacturer, usually 720p with 30 fps (720p = 1280 x 720 pixels)
The Commons Polycom MCU is HD-capable
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Commons MCU Testbed
Three MCUs are available for testing and discussion http://commons.internet2.edu/testing
– RADVISION viaIP– Polycom MGC 100– Codian 4240
The Commons will support remote or onsite (you come to Ohio) testing
Useful for assisting in evaluations for your own purchases
Delivering content to those without H.323 or for later review
Streaming and ArchivalGabe Moulton
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Streaming
The one-way delivery of digital content from a streaming server to a streaming client in a continuous, paced, and controlled flow
Alleviates the need to download an entire media clip as a file– Live events don’t exist as a file yet– Allows playing to start before download is
completed
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Streaming a Videoconference
Streaming a videoconference makes it possible for any number of people to view a conference – either live or recorded for on-demand access
Viewers use desktop computers with standard media players such as Real, Windows Media, or QuickTime
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What Can I Do With Streaming?
Key individuals participate by videoconference– A larger audience views the live stream
Save the proceedings of a meeting Make a class or lecture available on-demand
for later student review
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How to Stream a Videoconference
All-in-one solutions Videoconferencing endpoints with built-in
H.26x/G.7xx multicast streaming Combination of videoconferencing terminal
and standard streaming encoder
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All-In-One Box
Can exist anywhere on the networkRepackage the H.323 content into a stream that can be interpreted by QT, Real, or WMP
DO NOT optimize for streamingExamples:
– STARBAK VCG– Virtual Rooms Videoconference Service (VRVS)– Codian MCU or IPVCR—has H.239 support
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Terminals with Built-In Streaming
Some high-end terminals such as– Polycom FX– Tandberg 880
Can multicast the H.26x/G.7xx audio and video in QT, Real and/or WMP
No ability to record for VOD Can be a burden on the local network of the
device
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Combo Endpoint and Encoder
Two standard devices…– H.323 videoconference endpoint– Streaming encoder
Are interconnected– A/V out of H.323 endpoint into A/V input of encoder
Encoder can be just about anything– Real, Windows Media, QuickTime; or MPEG-1,-2,-4; unicast or multicast
Video can be recorded and stored for VOD on server
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Combo Endpoint and Encoder
Combo Endpoint and Encoder can be complex to manage
Have to schedule and manage the encoder– Videoconference scheduling systems don’t
support viewing the pair of devices as a single logical device
MediaSite has a device that can be combined with an endpoint that can capture both the VC and H.239 if that is part of the conference.
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Streaming Quality
Combo Endpoint and Encoder uses optimized-for-streaming encoding formats
Both All-In-One Box and Endpoints with Built-In streaming repackage video and audio which is not optimized for streaming
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An end-user’s view of videoconferencing
H.323 Terminal Endpoints
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Four basic types of endpoints
Room systems Desktop systems Software-based systems Telepresence Systems
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Room Systems
Most will need a display device– Monitor, projector, etc
Mostly set-top boxes Some can be rack-mounted Some take multiple inputs for video
– Multiple cameras– VGA/Scan converter– Document camera
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Room Systems
All come with an intuitive GUI Interface Almost all use remote controls or some other
external interface Most have one or more external microphone Most hide the “administrative” features from
the end user– Many will password protect the administrative
interface to avoid users changing settings
101
Room System Examples
Polycom– VSX line– HDX line
Tandberg– Set-top Series– Edge Series
LifeSize– No support for H.261
video
VTEL IPanel
102
Desktop Endpoints
Have built-in processors to handle some of the video encoding
Most will rely on your PC’s monitor or will have a built-in monitor– Some with the built in monitor can take the place
of your current monitor or be used for dual screen Best to use only if you have one to three
people at your site Very few have external inputs for VGA,
external cameras, etc.103
Desktop Endpoints
Many have “strong arm” focusing which can be difficult to get the focus exactly correct
Becoming less popular and expensive compared to software endpoints on today’s faster processors
Most desktop endpoints with built in monitor are aimed at the “Executive” level
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Desktop Endpoint Examples
Polycom– VSX 3000– V700– HDX 4000
Cisco Tandberg 1500
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Software Endpoints
Most work only with Windows OS Rely on your monitor for displaying video Use USB or Firewire webcam for capturing
video– A decent USB webcam will cost about $100
Most software packages run in the $150 per endpoint range and offer a free trial period download
106
Example Software Endpoints
Polycom PVX– www.polycom.com
Xmeeting – http://xmeeting.sourcefor
ge.net/– Runs on Mac OSX
RADVISION eConf– www.radvision.com
Tandberg Movi– http://
www.tandberg.com/products/pc_videoconferencing.jsp
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Telepresence Setups (H.323)
Multiple systems working together– Polycom– Tandberg– Lifesize
Specific room setup Illusion of one single
room
108
Getting you and your space ready for videoconferencing
Environmental Considerations
109
Setting Up for a Videoconference
Clothing Lighting Back Drop Audio setup Large Conference Room considerations
110
Clothing
Solid color shirts “Busy” outfits blur when
on camera Simpler patterns aid the
video compression
111
Lighting
Soft white frontal light Standard overhead lights
can cast shadows—especially if the user wears glasses
Think of TV studio lighting Camera can not focus in
low light—keep this in mind if you use a projector
112
Backdrop
No hard lines or complicated patterns Can use a dry erase board, but be aware of
glare Solid darker color is ideal
– Avoid red backgrounds they can be hard on the viewing site
Give audience one thing to focus on—YOU Good idea—use a sign to indicate your location
113
Bad Backdrop
114
Good Backdrop
115
Audio Setup
Keep the microphone away from where the speakers are located– This can cause audio loop back
Test audio levels ahead of time– Make a test call – Use built-in features of the endpoint to test
116
Audio Setup
Make sure microphones are away from extraneous noise generators– Air conditioners– Laptop/Projector fans
May need to add echo canceling hardware– This is less common as endpoints become MUCH
better at handling audio
117
Large Room Considerations
Position the camera to see the primary speaker and audience– May want to add additional cameras
Good lighting Designate locations for Q&A with
microphones Avoid panning the camera too much
– Use endpoint “presets”
118
Other Considerations
Plasma burn-in– Many endpoint use icons while in a call– These icons can lead to burn-in on the plasma
screen
Projectors– Newer, brighter projectors (3000+ lumens) are
plenty bright to have room lights on during videoconferences
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Make every conference an enjoyable one
Videoconferencing Etiquette
120
Plan Your Videoconference
Send the agenda and handouts in advance Allow a few minutes for call setup and shut
down time Stick to the time limits Unplug room telephone or turn off the ringer
121
Be Considerate
“Can you hear me, can you hear me?” Remember to mute your microphone when
you are not talking to the group Use a location banner and name tags in case
you are not on a first-name basis with the others in your conference
Take turns speaking and allow time for audio delay
122
Be Considerate
Don’t Multi-task on cameraBe aware of possible audio distractions
if your microphone is not muted– Coughing– Paper rattling– AC units, Laptop and projector fans
Don’t bring food unless all sites will be eating
123
Tips for Getting Started
Provide an overview workshop for new users to learn basics– Share rules of etiquette– Get experience using the remote control– The importance of muting
124
Tips for Getting Started
Publish and distribute print materials or create a website describing basic equipment use and listing the site coordinator’s contact information
Emphasize simple practices like having a clear meeting agenda, muting the microphone, and how to use the remote control
125
Test, test, test
Test with every location thoroughly– Testing will help address equipment and
networking issues in advanceTesting provides experience and
creates a positive end experienceMurphy’s Law: If something can go
wrong, it will
126
Why We Test
A student had a thesis defenseMoved from the planned, tested
location just prior to a videoconference– Original testing went fine– Far site moved their unit just moments
before the conference was to begin– Nervous presenter waited while new
problems were corrected
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128
Site Coordinator DutiesBob Dixon
What is expected of you
129
Be Your Organization’s Videoconferencing Liaison
Work with the people in your group to assist with scheduling and testing
Establish relationship with your users and best practices for your group
Work with other site coordinators at other organizations
Work with users in conferences you schedule to be sure they can connect
Make nice with your organization’s network administrators
– They can be your best friend in making H.323 really work for your organization
130
Troubleshooting Point to Point Videoconferences
Make sure the network is up to the task– Eliminate Firewall or NAT as troublemaker
Make sure both endpoints are turned on and have valid IP addresses– Some endpoints have built-in hub and if the
Ethernet cable is plugged in here, it will not work– Most will give an indication that they have a valid
IP address, but they can be wrong– Make sure you have link lights
131
Troubleshooting Multipoint Conferences
Number 1 support call: “I can’t get into the conference”
Make sure all sites have followed the directions Make sure you have the time and date correct Make sure all sites are registered to a GDS
Gatekeeper Double check your speed and what you dialed
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Follow Directions
Commons Dialing Directions come with a date and time (with time zone) reminder and directions similar to this example:
1. Register with a GDS Gatekeeper, if you need to borrow space go here: http://commons.internet2.edu/reggate
2. Make sure you are connecting at 384 kbps3. Dial 001189 700 1234 (no spaces)4. Call 614-292-xxxx for technical support
133
Timing is everything
Time zone confusion can be problematic Don’t be surprised if your Tuesday
conference is empty on Wednesday, or simply won’t let you in!
134
Registering with a Gatekeeper
Many new users have never done this Typically an administrative chore and
requires administrative access to the endpoint’s settings
This does take a few minutes and can require some rebooting, so be prepared
If your campus is already GDS, make a note of that on the cheat sheet in VC room
135
How to register with the Commons Gatekeeper
1. In your videoconferencing endpoint unit, navigate to the H.323 settings menu
2. Enter your email address as your endpoint’s H.323 Name
This gives administrators some idea of who is registering and from where
136
How to register with the Commons Gatekeeper (cont.)
3. Assign yourself an E.164 number in this format
001189 + your 10 digit phone number If your phone number is (111) 555-0000,
your GDS number would be 0011891115550000
Your endpoint's system may need to be rebooted.
137
How to register with the Commons Gatekeeper (cont.)
4. Navigate back to the H.323/Gatekeeper setting
5. Enter the following IP address: 192.148.244.115
Again, your endpoint may need to be rebooted
6. Congratulations! You should now be registered with the Internet2 Commons Gatekeeper
138
Check your speed!
Some MCUs will not let you in if you dial at an incorrect speed
Some will only give you partial connection – Only audio– Only video– Frozen image
Faster is not always the best way to go!
139
Check your digits!
One added or missing number may put you in a completely different place
Some MCUs have predefined meeting “rooms” where a mistyped dial string will cause failure to connect
You do not enter the spaces in a GDS dial string, the spaces are for readability like the parenthesis and dashes in telephone numbers
140
Do you have a Firewall or NAT?
Firewall + H.323 = Bad NAT + H.323 = Bad Firewall + NAT + H.323 = Bad
141
Still can’t get in?
Some endpoints require you to specify for them to dial by IP or LAN
Is your endpoint ISDN or ATM?– You will need a gateway to convert your signal to IP
and back
Check to make sure the Ethernet cable is plugged into the right place– Some of the older Polycoms have an Ethernet jack
AND a hub port
142
Okay, now I’m in but it looks terrible!
Do you have enough bandwidth?– A dedicated T1 for video might not be enough– Say you have 4 endpoints all videoconferencing at 384
kbps– 4 * 384 kbps = 1536 kbps which is your WHOLE T1 and
that doesn’t allow room for overhead– Network congestion can cause a poor
videoconferencing experience Did you check your duplex settings
– Duplex mismatch is the “silent killer” of videoconferencing
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Another word on etiquette
Remember to mute your microphone Try to stay in the frame of the video for the other
end’s pleasure– There’s nothing more distracting that looking at the
top of someone’s head or out their window
Cut down on visual and audio distractions in the room– Air conditioners, fans, and poor mic placement– Busy backgrounds and clothing
144
And never forget…
Test Test TEST!!!
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Thank you
We expect our inbox to be flooded with Site Coordinator forms!
