NOWSHAD AKBER

SUBJECT- HUMAN BEHAVIOR

• BBA 3-B

• REG#. 1311134

TOPIC:MENTAL DISORDER

DEFINITIONS:

• A mental illness or mental disorder is a medical condition that

disrupts a person's thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others

and daily functioning.

• actions, thoughts and feelings that are harmful to the person or others.

• Mental disorders are diseases that affect cognition, emotion, and

behavioral control and substantially interfere both with the ability of

children to learn and with the ability of adults to function in their

families, at work, and in the broader society.

MAJOR TYPES:

• Anxiety Disorders

• Mood Disorders

• Psychotic Disorders

• Eating Disorders

• Impulse control and addiction disorders

• Personality Disorders

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

1. ANXIETY DISORDER:

• People with anxiety disorders respond to certain objects or situations

with fear and dread, as well as with physical signs of anxiety or panic,

such as a rapid heartbeat and sweating

• Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder,

social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias.

2. MOOD DISORDERS:

• These disorders, also called affective disorders, involve persistent

feelings of sadness or periods of feeling overly happy, or fluctuations

from extreme happiness to extreme sadness. Example is depression.

3. PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS:

• Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that cause

abnormal thinking and perceptions. People with psychoses lose touch

with reality.

4. EATING DISORDERS:

• Eating disorders involve extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors

involving weight and food.

• Either insufficient of excessive

5. IMPULSE CONTROL AND ADDICTION

DISORDERS

• people with impulse control disorders are unable to resist urges, or

impulses, to perform acts that could be harmful to themselves or

others. Pyromania (starting fires), kleptomania (stealing), and

compulsive gambling are examples of impulse control disorders.

Alcohol and drugs are common objects of addictions. Often, people

with these disorders become so involved with the objects of their

addiction that they begin to ignore responsibilities and relationships.

6. PERSONALITY DISORDERS:

• People with personality disorders have extreme and inflexible

personality traits that are distressing to the person and/or cause

problems in work, school, or social relationships. In addition, the

person's patterns of thinking and behavior significantly differ from the

expectations of society and are so rigid that they interfere with the

person's normal functioning. Examples include antisocial personality

disorder, obsessive-compulsive.

7. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

(OCD)

• People with OCD are plagued by constant thoughts or fears that cause

them to perform certain rituals or routines. The disturbing thoughts are

called obsessions, and the rituals are called compulsions. An example

is a person with an unreasonable fear of germs who constantly washes

his or her hands.

8. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

(PTSD):

• PTSD is a condition that can develop following a traumatic and/or

terrifying event, such as a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected

death of a loved one, or a natural disaster. People with PTSD often

have lasting and frightening thoughts and memories of the event, and

tend to be emotionally numb.

SELF-MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES:

• Avoid too much stimulation

• Pause, take time out

• ‘Stop and think’ (be aware of your own situation)

• Keep a journal (describe and reflect on what’s happening to you)

• Avoid too much social contact

• Talk to someone who will listen to you

• Eat healthily and have regular meals

SELF-MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES CONT..

• Exercise (to ‘burn off’ excess energy)

• Have quick access to a prescriber to change medication as needed

• Use mindfulness

• Have a routine

• Avoid pressure

• Relax

• Keep active and busy

HOW ARE MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT

MENTAL DISORDERS?

• Medications treat the symptoms of mental disorders. They cannot cure

the disorder, but they make people feel better so they can function.

• Medications work differently for different people. Some people get great

results from medications and only need them for a short time.

• Some people get side effects from medications and other people don't.

Doses can be small or large, depending on the medication and the

person.

FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT HOW

MEDICATIONS WORK IN PEOPLE INCLUDE:

•Type of mental disorder, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia

•Age, sex, and body size

•Physical illnesses

•Habits like smoking and drinking

•Liver and kidney function

•Genetics

•Other medications and herbal/vitamin supplements

•Diet

PSYCHIATRIC DRUGS COMMON SIDE EFFECTS:

• It’s possible that the medication you take for your mental health can

have challenging side-effects like extreme tiredness, an overly dry

mouth or sudden weight gain. This won’t happen to everyone.

• psychotropic drugs can double the risk of suicide. And long-term use

has been proven to create a lifetime of physical and mental damage, a

fact ignored by psychiatrists.