Mental DisordersMental Disorders

Miss KilkerMiss Kilker

HealthHealth

Objective: Be able to identify Objective: Be able to identify distinguishing factors of different distinguishing factors of different

mental disorders by participating in a mental disorders by participating in a think, pair, share activity for a think, pair, share activity for a

specified disorder.specified disorder.

Mental DisordersMental Disorders

Is an illness of the mind that can affect Is an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.productive life.

Types of Mental DisordersTypes of Mental Disorders Organic Disorders-caused by a physical illness or an Organic Disorders-caused by a physical illness or an

injury that affect the brain.injury that affect the brain.

(i.e. brain tumors, infections, chemical imbalances (i.e. brain tumors, infections, chemical imbalances exposure to drugs and toxins and toxins).exposure to drugs and toxins and toxins).

Functional Disorders-has a psychological cause and Functional Disorders-has a psychological cause and does not involve brain damage. (i.e. heredity, stress, does not involve brain damage. (i.e. heredity, stress, emotional conflict, fear, ineffective coping skills).emotional conflict, fear, ineffective coping skills).

PsychiatristPsychiatrist

A physician who specialized in A physician who specialized in diagnosing and treating mental diagnosing and treating mental disorders and can prescribe disorders and can prescribe medications.medications.

PsychologistPsychologist

Is a professional who diagnoses and Is a professional who diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral treats emotional and behavioral disorders by means of counseling but disorders by means of counseling but canNOT prescribe medications.canNOT prescribe medications.

SchizophreniaSchizophreniaDefinitionDefinition

A severe mental disorder in which a personA severe mental disorder in which a personloses contact with reality. Have difficultyloses contact with reality. Have difficultyunderstanding the difference between real andunderstanding the difference between real andimaginary events.imaginary events.

CausesCausesCombination of genetic factors and chemical andCombination of genetic factors and chemical and structural changes in the brain.structural changes in the brain.

Schizophrenia (cont.)Schizophrenia (cont.)

SymptomsSymptoms Delusions – false beliefsDelusions – false beliefs Hallucinations - sees and hears things Hallucinations - sees and hears things

that are not realthat are not real Thought disorders – can not connect Thought disorders – can not connect

thoughts…thoughts…Treatment /DiagnosisTreatment /Diagnosis

Psychological evaluation – no cure but Psychological evaluation – no cure but medicine can be prescribed to lessen medicine can be prescribed to lessen episodesepisodes

Anxiety DisorderAnxiety Disorder Is a condition in which real or imagined Is a condition in which real or imagined

fears are difficult to control.fears are difficult to control.

Classified into five main types:Classified into five main types:

1.1. PhobiasPhobias

2.2. Obsessive Compulsive DisordersObsessive Compulsive Disorders

3.3. Panic DisordersPanic Disorders

4.4. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders.Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders.

5.5. HypochondriaHypochondria

1. Phobia1. Phobia

A strong and irrational fear of somethingA strong and irrational fear of something specific, such as high places or dogs.specific, such as high places or dogs.

Examples:Examples: Fear of spiders-Fear of spiders-ArachnophobiaArachnophobia Fear of open or public places-Fear of open or public places-AgoraphobiaAgoraphobia Fear of tight spaces-Fear of tight spaces-ClaustrophobiaClaustrophobia Fear of clowns-Fear of clowns-ClourophobiaClourophobia Fear of animals-Zoophobia

2. Obsessive Compulsive 2. Obsessive Compulsive DisorderDisorder

A person who is trapped in a pattern of A person who is trapped in a pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors.repeated thoughts or behaviors.

Example:Example:

A person may wash his or hands constantly A person may wash his or hands constantly

throughout the day.throughout the day.

3. Panic Disorders3. Panic DisordersIs a conditions in which fear and anxiety get in the Is a conditions in which fear and anxiety get in the way of a person’s ability to function and enjoy life.way of a person’s ability to function and enjoy life. Sudden, unexplained feelings of terror.Sudden, unexplained feelings of terror.

“ “Panic Attacks” are accompanied by symptomsPanic Attacks” are accompanied by symptoms such as trembling, a pounding heart, shortness ofsuch as trembling, a pounding heart, shortness of breath, or dizziness.breath, or dizziness.

Can occur at any time or place, usually are Can occur at any time or place, usually are triggered by a particular object, condition, or triggered by a particular object, condition, or situation.situation.

4. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders4. Post-Traumatic Stress DisordersIs a condition that may develop after exposure to a Is a condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or caused physicalterrifying event that threatened or caused physicalharm. harm.

Symptoms:Symptoms:Flashbacks (sudden recall of a terrifying event,Flashbacks (sudden recall of a terrifying event,nightmares, emotional numbness, sleeplessness, and nightmares, emotional numbness, sleeplessness, and problems with concentration.problems with concentration.

Examples:Examples: Personal assault/rapePersonal assault/rape Natural or human-made disasters (earthquakes, Natural or human-made disasters (earthquakes,

bombings, accidents, plane crashes, or military combat).bombings, accidents, plane crashes, or military combat).

5. Hypochondria5. Hypochondria

The belief of illness The belief of illness when none is when none is present.present.

““If it’s out there, he If it’s out there, he or she has it.”or she has it.”

Mood DisordersMood Disorders

Is an illness, often with an organic Is an illness, often with an organic

cause, that involves mood extremescause, that involves mood extremes

that interfere with everyday living.that interfere with everyday living.

They are extreme in both intensityThey are extreme in both intensity

and duration.and duration.

DepressionDepression

A prolonged feeling of helplessness , A prolonged feeling of helplessness , hopelessness and sadness.hopelessness and sadness.

Two TypesTwo Types1.1. Reactive Depression-is a response to a Reactive Depression-is a response to a

stressful event, such as the death of a stressful event, such as the death of a friend.friend.

2.2. Major Depression-A medical condition Major Depression-A medical condition requiring treatment.requiring treatment.

Clinical DepressionClinical Depression

Affects a persons ability to concentrate,Affects a persons ability to concentrate,

sleep, perform at school or work, handlesleep, perform at school or work, handle

everyday decisions and challenges. It is aeveryday decisions and challenges. It is a

chemical imbalance that a person cannotchemical imbalance that a person cannot

overcome with out professional help.overcome with out professional help.

It is not a passing case of the blues-it doesIt is not a passing case of the blues-it does

not go away.not go away.

Bipolar DisorderBipolar Disorder

It is a manic-depressive disorder, isIt is a manic-depressive disorder, is

Marked by extreme mood changes,Marked by extreme mood changes,

energy levels and behaviors.energy levels and behaviors.

Conduct DisordersConduct DisordersA pattern of behavior in which the rights ofA pattern of behavior in which the rights ofothers or basic social rules are violated.others or basic social rules are violated.

ExamplesExamples:: LyingLying TheftTheft AggressionAggression ViolenceViolence TruancyTruancy ArsonArson VandalismVandalism

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Is an extreme harmful eating behavior thatIs an extreme harmful eating behavior thatcan cause serious illness or even death.can cause serious illness or even death.They are a result of psychological pressuresThey are a result of psychological pressures possible genetic factors and an obsessionpossible genetic factors and an obsession with body image and thinness.with body image and thinness. Anorexia Nervosa-self imposed starvation.Anorexia Nervosa-self imposed starvation. Bulimia Nervosa-Purging of food after over Bulimia Nervosa-Purging of food after over

eating.eating. Binge Eating-Compulsive overeatingBinge Eating-Compulsive overeating

Attention Deficit DisorderAttention Deficit Disorder

Characterized by lack of attention, Characterized by lack of attention, inability to concentrate on one inability to concentrate on one specific task, and becoming easily specific task, and becoming easily distracteddistracted

Childhood onsetChildhood onset Cause unknownCause unknown

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)Disorder (ADHD)

Very similar to ADD but there is one Very similar to ADD but there is one more “piece” to it. One with ADHD more “piece” to it. One with ADHD can be impulsively hyperactive to the can be impulsively hyperactive to the point that he or she cannot complete point that he or she cannot complete daily tasks.daily tasks.

Childhood onsetChildhood onset Cause unknownCause unknown

Help for Mental DisordersHelp for Mental Disorders Psychotherapy:Psychotherapy:

– Counseling from a Counseling from a licensed therapistlicensed therapist

Group Therapy:Group Therapy:– A group of people with A group of people with

similar disorders talk similar disorders talk about problems. Led by about problems. Led by a licensed therapista licensed therapist

Medication:Medication:– Prescribed by a Prescribed by a

psychiatrist. They ease psychiatrist. They ease symptoms of the symptoms of the disorder.disorder.