Mestrado Integradoem Engenharia do Ambiente

Direito e Políticas de Ambiente

Ano Lectivo 2017/2018 @ 2º Semestre

Francisco)Nunes)Correia

Integrated Master’s Degreein Environmental Engineering

Environmental Policy and Law

Academic year 2017/2018 – 2nd Semester

2012Fourth global earth summit

RIO +20

1972Stocholm

1992Rio.de.Janeiro

2002Joanesburgo

2012Rio.de.Janeiro

2010Access.to.waterand sanitation asHuman rights 2015

SustainableDevelopment

Goals 2016Paris.Conference.on Climate Change

How did we get here?

Brief historyof environmental public policies

1972

Stockholm Conference

The need for an environmentalpublic policy and administration

Alarm with growing pollution !

The need to safeguardpublic health !

Main.Topics

The$Nature$of$Exponential$Growth$$$

The$Limits$of$Exponential$Growth$$$

The$Growth$in$the$World$System$$

Technology$$and$the$Limits$to$Growth

Planning.and.Management.of.Human.Settlements.for.Environmental.Quality.

Main.Topics

Environmental.aspects.of.Natural.Resources.Management

Identification.and.Control.of.Pollutants.of.Broad.International.SignificancePollution.GenerallyMarine.Pollution

Educational,.Informational,.Social.and.Cultural.Aspects.of.Environmental.Issues.

Development.and.Environment

Evolution.after.the.UN.Stockholm.Conference

• Pollution.is.simply.a.symptom,.not.the.cause

• It.is.not.enough.to.understand.the.symptoms.and.the.causes:.it.is.necessary.to.understand.the.context

• It.is.necessary.a.global.vision.instead.ofa.fragmented.vision

• An.increasing.interaction.between.experts.and.citizens.is.required

• The.role.of.nonUgovernmental.organizations.isincreasingly.recognized

• The.attention.given.by.politicians.has.grown.throughoutthe.years

1992The Rio�s Conference

The need for all public policiesto take account of environmental issues

The problems we face are notonly pollution problems !

It is necessary to questionthe functioning of society

and the model of development !

Agenda 21

•Chapter 1 Preamble

Section I. Social and Economic Dimensions

•Chapter 2 International Cooperation for Sustainable Development•Chapter 3 Combating Poverty•Chapter 4 Changing Consumption Patterns•Chapter 5 Demographic Dynamics & Sustainability•Chapter 6 Human Health•Chapter 7 Human Settlements•Chapter 8 Decision Making

Section II. Conservation and Management of Resources for Development

•Chapter 9 Protection of the Atmosphere•Chapter 10 Land Resources•Chapter 11 Deforestation•Chapter 12 Desertification & Drought•Chapter 13 Sustainable Mountain Development•Chapter 14 Sustainable Agriculture & Rural Development•Chapter 15 Conservation of Biodiversity•Chapter 16 Biotechnology•Chapter 17 Protection of the Oceans•Chapter 18 Freshwater Resources•Chapter 19 Toxic Chemicals - Management•Chapter 20 Hazardous Wastes - Management•Chapter 21 Solid Wastes - Management•Chapter 22 Radioactive Wastes - Management

Section.III..Strengthening.The.Role.Of.Major.Groups

Chapter.23 Preamble.Major.GroupsChapter.24 WomenChapter.25 Children.&.YouthChapter.26 Indigenous.PeopleChapter.27 NonUGovernmental.OrganizationsChapter.28 Local.AuthoritiesChapter.29 Trade.UnionsChapter.30 Business.&.IndustryChapter.31 Scientific.&.Technological.CommunityChapter.32 Role.of.Farmers

Section.IV..Means.of.Implementation

Chapter.33 Financial.ResourcesChapter.34 Technology.TransferChapter.35 Science.for.Sustainable.DevelopmentChapter.36 Education,.Public.Awareness.&.TrainingChapter.37 Capacity.Building.in.Developing.CountriesChapter.38 International.InstitutionsChapter.39 International.Legal.InstrumentsChapter.40 Information.for.DecisionUmaking

Evolution.aftre.the.Rio�s.Conference

• A.closer relationship between environment and development:the environment at the core.of the economy

• A.growing.relevance.of.social.and.institutional.dimensions

• A.stronger.public.opinion.and.a.growing.role.of.NGO�s

• A.growing importance of political and geostrategic dimensions

• A.growing.concern.with.environment.gloibal.problems

Simple.economigrowth

DeepEcology

60’s 70’s 80’s 90’s

PrevailingValues

Environment

EconomicGrowth

EnvironmentalSafeguards

NaturalResourcesManagement

SustainableDevelopment

1972Stocholm.Conference

1992Rio’s

Conference

1987.................Our.Common.

Future

2002JohannesburgConference

HistoricalPeriod

Sustainable Development

Meet the needs of present generation

without compromising the ability

of future generations to meet

their own needs

A Multi@Dimensional

Concept

Sustainable Development�

The Three Axes of Sustainable Development

Environment

Economy

Ethics

1

1

1

DS = E3The.3.Axis.of.Sustainable.Development

Ecology

Economy

Ethics

SD.=.E3

2002

Johannesburg Conference

The imperative of action !

The need to define priorities!

Major.Goals.of.the.Johannesburg.Summit:

1..Poverty.eradication.(Millennium.Declaration)

2..Change.unsustainable.patterns.of.productionand.consumption

3..Protect.and.manage.natural.resources.as.the.basisfor.social.and.economic.development

Main.Documents.Approved.in.Johannesburg:

• Political.Declaration.on.Sustainable.Development

• Implementation.Plan

Document.that.decisively.influenced.the.Johannesburg.Conference.

• Millennium.Declaration

Five.reasons.that.have.made.previous.efforts.partially.fail

1..Lack.of.resources.in.developing.countries

2..Lack.of.coherence.and.consistency.in.several.areas.of.public.policy

3..Many.actions.confined.to.national.efforts.(many.probllemshave.a.transboundary.nature.and.the.economy.is.gloibal)

4..Endless.debates.and.scientific.disputes.undervalue.therisks.of.a.nonUsustainable.development

5..The.nature.of.Sustainable.Development.determines.that.all.segments.of.society.must.participate.in.the.decisionUmaking.process

2012In 2012 took place the fourth

great summit of the earth

RIO +20

1972Stocholm

1992Rio.de.Janeiro

2002Johannnesburg

2012Rio.de.Janeiro

The General Assembly,

Decides to organize, in 2012, the United NationsConference on Sustainable Development at thehighest possible level, including Heads of State andGovernment or other representatives,

Decides that the objective of the Conference will be tosecure renewed political commitment for sustainabledevelopment, assessing the progress to date and theremaining gaps.

Resolution.64/236.adopted.by.the.General.Assembly

http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/index.php?menu=62.

Themes.of.the.United.Nations.Conference.on.Sustainable.Development:

1..AMgreenMeconomyMinMtheMcontextMofMsustainableMdevelopmentMandMpovertyMeradication

2..Institutional.framework.for.sustainable.development

Departamento de Engenharia Civil,Arquitetura e Georrecursos

The EndThe End