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Metadata Value Space
Almost all metadata standards require or recommend the use of controlled
vocabularies for some elements.
Revisiting Dublin Core
Content Intellectual Property
Instantiation
Coverage Contributor Date
Description Creator Format
Type Publisher Identifier
Relation Rights Language
Source
Subject
Title
Content data for some elements may be selected from a controlled vocabulary …
Metadata Value Space and Controlled Vocabularies
Content data for some elements may be selected from a controlled vocabulary:
1) Standardized vocabularies2) Name authority control3) Controlled terms
-- from Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1
Recommendations from best practices-- Value encoding schemes
1) Standardized vocabularies
Resource Type (DC)
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/
Language (ISO)http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/iso639a.html
Countries (ISO) http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/country3166.html Geographical names (Getty) http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/tgn/
b) Name authority control
The Union List of Artist Names (ULAN) http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/ulan/
LC Name Authority file VIAF (a hub of many)
http://viaf.org/ Local name authority files
(Create your own)
c) Controlled vocabularies
Controlled subject terms LC Subject Headings
http://authorities.loc.gov/ (LCSH available as Linked Data):
http://id.loc.gov/authorities/ Art and Architecture Thesaurus
http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
(and many thesauri and subject headings lists) http://www.metadataetc.org/book-website/readings/appendixbencodschemes.htm
Create your controlled lists
Compile a list of suggested terms based on dictionaries
E.g., for object titles (Because objects usually do not bear title information.)
Example: fashion items
Extract from available controlled vocabularies e.g., a set of terms for ‘postcard materials’ from AAT
“Folk” controlled lists e.g., GEM Controlled Vocabularies for
Audience | Format | Grade | Language | Pedagogy | Relation | Resource Type | Subject
How to construct controlled lists
The defining characteristics of a list is that: the terms
1. are all members of the same set or class of items (e.g., content type, language);
2. are not overlapping in meaning; and 3. are equal in terms of specificity or granularity
(e.g., a geographic areas list does not mix continents with country or state names).
Example from LOM(Learning Object metadata)
5.2 Learning Resource Type
Explanation: Specific kind of learning object. The most dominant kind shall be first.
NOTE: --The vocabulary terms are defined as in the OED:1989 and as used by educational communities of practice.
Value Space: ordered exercisesimulationquestionnairediagramfiguregraphindexslidetablenarrative textexamexperimentproblem statementself assessmentlecture
Using Controlled Vocabularies in Metadata Records
Source: The J. Paul Getty Museum's implementation of The Museum System software by Gallery Systems
Build-in a pick list for creating metadata records
pick list
link to lists
controlled values
2
1
3
<meta name="Security" content="public" /><meta name="Source" content="Franklin/IPC" /><meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2006 by IBM Corporation" /><meta name="Robots" content="index,follow" /><meta name="DC.Language" scheme="rfc1766" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Date" scheme="iso8601" content="2006-05-22" /><meta name="IBM.Country" content="US" /><meta name="Description" content="The IBM corporate home page, entry point to information about IBM products and services" /><meta name="Abstract" content="The IBM corporate home page, entry point to information about IBM products and services" /><meta name="Owner" content="Laurie Leitner/White Plains/Contr/IBM" /><meta name="Keywords" content="ibm, international business machines, ibm.com, On Demand Business, on demand business, ON, unix, linux, technical support, homepage, home page, solutions, services, find it fast" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="IBM Corporation" /><meta name="IBM.Effective" scheme="W3CDTF" content="2006-02-24" /><meta name="DC.Type" scheme="IBM_ContentClassTaxonomy" content="HP" /><meta name="IBM.Industry" scheme="IBM_IndustryTaxonomy" content="ZZ" /><meta name="DC.Subject" scheme="IBM_SubjectTaxonomy" content="ZZ999" />
IBM Website, embedded metadata
In-Class Exercise
Make decisions about value spaces for your metadata project. Point to value standards Create at least one pre-defined term list