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Metals and their uses
All metals fall within two groups
Pure Metals Alloys
Iron
Copper
Aluminium
Lead
Zinc
Tin
Gold
(a mixture of two or more materials)
Brass ( Copper & Zinc)
Steel (Iron & Carbon)
Cast Iron (Iron & Carbon)
Duralium (Aluminium & Copper)
Bronze (Copper, Tin, Phosphorus)
High Speed Steel (Tungsten, Chromium, Carbon,
Vanadium & Molybdenum)
These metals can be further subdivided
Ferrous Metals Non Ferrous Metals (Containing Iron) (Containing No Iron)
Iron
Steel
Cast Iron
HSS
CopperAluminium
LeadZincTin
GoldBrass
DuraliumBronze
Steel and its uses Steel is the most commonly used metal and is used in everything from Sewing needles to Skyscrapers
HMS Ark Royal
The Golden Gate Bridge
AHS Library
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Low Cost, High Strength & Easy to work with.
Rusts
Steel
Rod
Bar (Flat & Square)
SheetSteel is also available in Tube, Hex bar, Angle Iron, and Girders
In the school workshop we have the following types of Steel
The Kilean is a mussel farm boat operating in Loch Spelve on the Island of Mull. Built in 1999
From aluminum pioneer to volume production: Audi has now built more than 150,000 vehicles with aluminum body - including over 93,000 Audi A8 and just under 57,000 A2 models.
Aluminium and its uses
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Lightweight, Malleable, Ductile & Does not corrode, Low melting point (660 C)
Higher Cost than steel, Harder to Weld
The Kilean
Audi A8
Ingots
Sheet
Rod
Bar (rectangular and square)
Extrusion
Aluminium
In the school work shop we have the following types of aluminium
Copper is one of the oldest metals known to man. The earliest known copper article is a pendant dating from 9000 BC in Asia
Minor. Copper gradually became more plentiful as ancient man learnt how to produce copper from copper ore. The discovery of alloying copper and tin to
make bronze (the first ever alloy) was a major step forward because bronze is
harder, tougher and stronger than copper
Copper and its uses
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Malleable, Ductile, Good Conductor of heat & electricity, Does not corrode to any great extent
High Cost & Rather soft
Gutters
Wire
Pots & Pans
Copper
Sheet
Rod
Bar (rectangular and square)
In the school work shop we have the following types of copper
Brass and its uses
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Ductile & Does not corrode to any great extent
High Cost & Brittle if cold worked
Musical Instruments
Hardware
Ornaments
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc and is used extensively in the production of maritime fixtures and fittings (screws, hinges etc)
Woodscrews
Brass
Sheet
Rod
Bar (rectangular and square)
In the school work shop we have the following types of brass
Lead is often used in batteries, Radiation shields around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors, Used to contain corrosive liquids & For ammunition. The Romans used lead for plumbing (the decline of the Roman empire is attributed to lead in the water supply!)
Lead and its uses
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Malleable, Ductile, Easy to work & Does not corrode to any great extent
Heavy & Rather soft
Roofing Materials
Fishing Weights
Stain Glass Windows
Malleable: Malleability is the ability of a material to be hammered or rolled without cracking. Very few metals have good malleability when cold, but most are malleable when heated to a suitable temperature.
Ductile: A ductile material is one which can easily be drawn out into thin wire.
Brittle: A Brittle material may resist a steady force but fail easily when subject to a sharp blow.
Hardness:Hardness is defined as a resistance to indentation or scratching.
Toughness:Tough materials resist fracture by blows.
Glossary of Terms