Team:    Metamorphosis-­‐5    Theme  :  -­‐  Sowing  prosperity:  boos4ng  agricultural  

produc4vity  Arpit  Vyas,  Mrigank  Gupta,  Saahil  Agarwal,  

Jigar  Panot,  Md.  Rhazy  Indian  Ins4tute  of  Technology,  Madras  

Current  Scenario  •  Agriculture  plays  a  pivotal  role  in  India’s  economy.  •  It  provides  employment  to  56  per  cent  of  the  Indian  workforce  but  contributes  to  

only  1/6  of  the  GDP.  •  Between  1961  and  2004-­‐05,  there  was  a  decline  of  34  %  in  the  share  of  agriculture  in  

GDP  while  the  decline  in  share  of  agriculture  in  employment  was  of  only  19.5  %.  Average  size  has  declined  from  2.3  ha.  in  1970-­‐71  to  1.37  ha  in  2011-­‐12.  

 •  India  is  a  land  of  small  farmers.  The  share  of  marginal  and  small  farmers  accounted  

for  around  85%  of  opera4onal  holdings  in  2010-­‐11  as  compared  to  about  62%  in  1960-­‐61.  Similarly,  the  area  operated  by  small  and  marginal  farmers  has  increased  from  about  19%  to  44%  during  the  same  period.  

Farm  Size   %  of  total  farmers  (2010-­‐2011)  

%  of  total  land  (2010-­‐2011    )  

Small  &  marginal  (<2Ha)     84.97   44.31  

Semi-­‐medium  and  medium  (2-­‐10ha)  

14.3   44.71  

Large  (>10ha)     0.73   10.92  

Co-­‐opera?ve  Joint  Farming  Society

• Adjacent  farms  are  merged  to  allow  farmers  reap  the  benefits  of  mechanized  farming,  which  reduces  labour  and  improves  produc4vity.  

• Coopera4ve  socie4es  of  farmers  and  merging  of  farms  is  based  on  land  holdings  so  that  the  farmers  fit  economically,  socially  and  culturally  into  the  group.    •  <  4  Ha  •  4  –  10  Ha  •  >  10  Ha  

Public  Private  Partnership

• Research  and  technical  assistance(R&TA)  group:   •  This  division  involves  interac4on  among  various  state/central  agricultural  universi4es,  Na4onal  Remote  Sensing  Center  etc.  

•  Service  Providers:    •  Private  organiza4ons  or  local  entrepreneurs  are  the  major  stake  holders  in  this  group.    They  help  facilita4on  and  implementa4on  of  recommenda4ons  by  R&TA  at    grassroots  level.  

Packagers,  Processors  and  Corporates

•  This  sector  handles  the  penul4mate  value  addi4on  step  in  supply  chain,  ul4mate  being  the  market.  It  is  open  for  all  types  of  working  systems.

Proposed  model  

Cooperative farming

PPP

R&TA

Service providers

(Govt. institutions involved)

(Rural entrepreneurs Involved)

Packagers,  Processors  

and  Corporates  Provide information about the amount of crop

predicted and hence the requirement of

various resources and storage facilities

Tier  1:  Coopera4ve  Produc4on  Socie4es  Production Cooperatives

Overview

•  The  Tier  1  comprises  of  farmers  from  different  strata  who  would  pool  together  their  land  to  boost  the  produc4vity.    

•  The  major  hindrance  in  achieving  a  high  efficacy,  which  is  ‘extraordinarily  small  size  of  an  average  field  in  the  country’,  is  thus  addressed.    

• Moreover,  the  Tier  1  u4lizes  the  facili4es,  such  as  –  Mechaniza4on  of  farms  and  large  scale  economies  ,etc.  from  the  Tier  2  (service  sector  as  well  as  R&TA  organiza4on)  socie4es.  

Legalities

•  The  wages  of  the  working  farmers/labourers  will  be  pre-­‐decided  and  will  be  paid  on  a  daily  basis.    

•  The  profits/loses,  ager  removing  all  the  investments,  wages,  running  cost  etc.,  will  be  shared  in  direc?on  propor?on  to  the  land  size.  

•  The  major  decisions  will  be  taken  by  the  coopera4ve  and  not  the  farmer  with  the  largest  share.  

•  A  farmer  can  neither  leave  nor  can  be  removed  from  the  coopera4ve  in  the  mid  of  the  crop  season.  

Direct Benefits

•  R&TA  will  be  able  to  make  a  regionally  focused  approach  on  various  technical  issues.  

•  Grievances  can  be  microscopically  addressed  by  the  service  and  R&TA  sector,  which  is  the  key  to  high  produc4vity.  

Functionality (Tier 2) Research  and  technical  assistance(  R&TA)  group  

•  Knowledge  Acquisi?on  •  Region  wise  mapping  of  land  and  soil  fer4lity  using  remote  sensing  and  other  such  technologies.  

•  Assessment  of  the  informa4on  acquired  to  determine  the  crops  to  be  grown  in  the  region,  kinds  of  seeds  to  be  used,  the  dosage  of  fer4lizers  etc.  

•  Knowledge  dissemina?on  •  Educa4ng  farmers  and  informing  them  about  the  outcomes  of  the  study  through  KVKs.  

•  Training  farmers  on  the  waste  lands  leased  by  the  government  to  demonstrate  the  efficiency  improvement  prac4ces.  

Service  Providers  

•  Supply  Providers  •  Seeds,  Fer4lizers,  Fuel,  Farm  machineries  and  other  goods  will  be  rented,  preferably  as  per  the  recommenda4ons  of  the  R&TA  group.  

• Marke4ng  Socie4es  •  Transporta4on,  Packaging,  Distribu4on,  Marke4ng  of  farm  products.  

End  Users  

•  Can  be  any  organiza4on  ranging  from  corporates  to  public  sector  units  which  intend  on    •  Processing  •  Packaging  or  •  Buying  the  produce  

Research  and  Technical  Assistance(  R&TA)  group  

Knowledge  Acquisi?on  

• A  team  of  Remote  sensing  and  GIS  experts/graduates  to  do  the  village  wise  mapping  of  land  and  soil  fer4lity.  

• A  team  of  agronomists  to  assess  the  informa4on  acquired  to  determine  the  crops  to  be  grown  in  the  region,  kinds  of  seeds  to  be  used,  the  dosage  of  fer4lisers  etc.  

• Such  studies  and  research  will  also  be  supported  by  the  agricultural  universi4es  in  collabora4on.  

Knowledge  dissemina?on  

• Educa4ng  farmers  and  informing  them  about  the    outcomes  of  the  study  like  dosage  of  the  fer4lizers,  awareness  regarding  pests  etc.    through  KVKs  and  agricultural  universi4es.  

• Training  farmers  to  use  the  new  machineries  and  methods    in  their  larger  fields  using  the  waste  lands  leased  by  the  government  to  demonstrate  the  improved  prac4ces.  

Impacts  

• Overall  ensuring  a  transi4on  towards  precision  agriculture  thus  improving  the  produc4vi4es  without  compromising  on  the  sustainability  of  the  land  cul4vability  

Top: Estimation of tobacco crop yield by remote sensing in districts of Andhra Pradesh. Right: Plotting crop fertility levels in an area and deciding the right amount of fertilizers required thus mitigating environment risk and reducing the cost to farmers and improving productivity over long term

Service  Providers  

Functions

• A  commercial  organiza4on  which  provides  Seeds,  Fer4lizers,  Fuel,  Farm  machineries  and  other  goods  on  rent  to  the  needy  individual  or  coopera4ve  group  of  farmers  i.e.  to  Tier  1.

• The  R&TA  group  will  seek  the  help  of  the  Service  Providers  for  the  training  of  farmers  and  demonstra4ons  of  newer  techniques.

Benefits

• The  take  away  for  the  suppliers  in  this  non-­‐profit  help  will  be  the  need  assessment  they  will  be  able  to  get  through  first  hand  experience  with  farmers,  which,  in  turn  would  help  them  get  a  closer  view  at  needs  and  problems  in  a  variety  of  areas.

• The  recommenda4ons  of  R&TA  group  are  more  of  guidelines  than  compulsion  for  these  service  providers.  

R&TA

Cooperatives Agri-Graduates

Free-advice

Private Entrepreneurs

NGO’s

Service Providers

Tier-3

Structure  and  func4ons  of  R&TA  

Farmers(Tier-1) •  Ownership and democratic control •  Increased farm income through higher

productivities •  Assured source of supplies •  Improved farm management •  Security against market exploitation •  Expanded Markets •  Education to farmers and development of

certain skill sets.

BENEFITS

IMPACT •  More than 85% of the

total farmers in the nation falling in marginal, small and semi medium categories.

•  X% of the agricultural graduates will have jobs generated for them.

PPP(Tier-2) •  Assured market •  Entrepreneurship for regional

people •  Job opportunities for villagers •  Decreased losses in PDS •  Money circulation within the

village community

Challenges •  Limited control over land and

improvements •  Cannot recover lease cost as

equity on land •  Cannot benefit from

appreciation in land value. •  May lose investment in

infrastructure if lease is terminated

• Tax advantage • Less risk • Flexibility • Benefits of economics of masses

Farmers

• Stronger communities

• Added community income

Rural communities • Quality products

• Varied Services • New Products • Crop sizes info

available at village/taluk level.

Consumers

References  " hVp://eands.dacnet.nic.in/latest_20011.html  

" hVp://planningcommission.nic.in/data/datatable/2504/databook_6.pdf  

" hVp://www.syngentafounda?on.org/__temp/Chand_smallholders_ar?cle_Jul_11.pdf  

" hVp://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ess/documents/mee?ngs_and_workshops/APCAS23/documents_OCT10/APCAS-­‐10-­‐28_-­‐Small_farmers.pdf  

" hVp://www.ifad.org/events/gc/33/roundtables/pl/pi_bg_e.pdf  

" hVp://agcensus.nic.in/  

" hVp://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS