METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG)

Slide 1Version 1.0, 30 November 2004

METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION

(MSG)FROM FIRST TO SECOND GENERATION METEOSAT

(from MFG to MSG)Author:Author: Volker Gärtner (EUMETSAT)Volker Gärtner (EUMETSAT)

([email protected])([email protected])

Contributors:Contributors: M. König (EUMETSAT), J. Kerkmann (EUMETSAT)M. König (EUMETSAT), J. Kerkmann (EUMETSAT)D. Rosenfeld (HUJ), V. Zwatz-Meise (ZAMG),D. Rosenfeld (HUJ), V. Zwatz-Meise (ZAMG),H.-P. Roesli (MeteoSwiss)H.-P. Roesli (MeteoSwiss)


METEOSAT-1 to 7Meteosat First Generation (MFG)

Vis & IR Imager

3 Spectral Channels

Images every 30 Minutes

5 km horizontal ‘Sampling Distance’

VIS-Channel 2.5 km


Channels of First Generation METEOSATChannels of First Generation METEOSAT


VIS, IR & WV channelsof Meteosat First Generation


Comparison: MSG - Present MeteosatComparison: MSG - Present Meteosat


Comparison: Time Stamping of MFG Comparison: Time Stamping of MFG and MSG Image Dataand MSG Image Data

Unlike MFG, the MSG system allows for full flexibility in the start and end time of the scanning period

One other important difference to note is that the start of data dissemination to end users commences before the completion of the full repeat cycle

The time given in the header of each MSG image file is always the start of the repeat cycle (e.g. data given the time 12.00 UTC corresponds to the data acquired during the repeat cycle of 12.00 UTC to 12.15 UTC)

The time given in the header of each MFG image file is always the end of the repeat cycle (e.g. data given the time 12.00 UTC corresponds to the data acquired during the repeat cycle of 11.30 UTC to 12.00 UTC)

However, to maintain continuity in the meteorological data archive, the MFG and MSG archive data (data older than 24-hours) is ordered using the time period corresponding to the end of the data acquisition period


Comparison: Time Stamping of MFG Comparison: Time Stamping of MFG and MSG Image Dataand MSG Image Data

Differences in the time stamping between first andsecond generation Meteosat satellite data


MSG-1 LAUNCH ON28-AUG-2002


Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)

Spinning Enhanced Vis & IR Imager

12 Spectral Channels

Images every 15 Minutes

3 km horizontal ‘sampling distance’

at Sub-Satellite Point (SSP)

Hi-Res VIS-Channel 1 km sampling

distance (SSP)


MSG SEVIRI CHANNELSBasic + Airmass + Hi Res Vis Missions

Window Band (µm) Absorption Band (µm)

VIS 0.6 0.56 - 0.71 H2O 6.2 5.35 - 7.15

VIS 0.8 0.74 - 0.88 H2O 7.3 6.85 - 7.85

IR 1.6 1.50 - 1.78 O3 9.7 9.38 - 9.94

IR 3.9 3.48 - 4.36 CO2 13.4 12.40 - 14.40

IR 8.7 8.30 - 9.10

IR 10.8 9.80 - 11.80 High Res VIS 1km Sampling

IR 12.0 11.00 - 13.00 HRV 0.4 - 1.1


SEVIRI IR Channels


Contribution Functions


MFG IR Channel 5 km MSG IR10.8 Channel 3 km

MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING(Example: 13 October 2003, 12:15 UTC)


MSG HRV channel ~ 1 km

MFG VIS Channel ~ 2.5 kmMFG IR Channel ~ 5 km

MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING

(Example: 4 December 2002, 12:30 UTC)


MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km

MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING(Example: 11 November 2003, 11:00 UTC)


Kaiserstuhl(557 m)

MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING(Example: 5 November 2003)

MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km 08:00 UTC 08:45 UTC


MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km

MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING(Example: 8 December 2003, 11:45 UTC)


IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING- MSG-1 HRVIS vs NOAA-16 AVHRR CH2 -

(Example: 19 November 2003)

MSG HRVIS Channel, 13:00 UTC AVHRR Channel 2, 13:02 UTC


MSG: IMPROVED TIME SAMPLING(Example: 8 June 2003)

10:00 10:15 10:30 10:45 11:00 MSG HRVIS, 15 min sampling

10:00 10:30 11:00 MFG VIS, 30 min sampling


MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL AND TIME SAMPLING(Example: 10 December 2003 - MSG Rapid Scans)

MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km/30 min MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km/5 min

Click on the icon to see the animation(12:00-14:30 UTC, AVI, 10229 KB) !


MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 20 May 2003, 12:00 UTC)

MFG IR Channel MSG RGB Composite (R=01, G=03, B=04i)

Severe Convection


MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 8 June 2003, 12:00 UTC)

MFG IR Channel MSG-1 RGB Composite (R=01, G=03, B=09)

Tornadic Storms


MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 3 August 2003, 12:00 UTC)

MFG VIS Channel MSG RGB Composite (R=03, G=02, B=01)

Smoke from fores fires


MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 9 September 2003, 12:00 UTC)

MFG IR Channel MSG RGB Composite (R=05-06, G=04-09, B=03-01)

Hurricane Isabel


MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 11 November 2003, 03:00 UTC)

MSG IR10.8 Channel MSG RGB Composite (R=10-09, G=09-04, B=09)

Fog/Low Stratus (night)


MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 26 September 2003, 08:00 UTC)

MSG IR10.8 Channel MSG Difference Image (IR12.0 - IR10.8)

Contrails


The Following Slides ….

• … will show full disk views of each channel, providing a general overview

• after that each channel and its specific application will be discussed in more detail and with more examples


MSG Channel VIS0.6

sun glint

desert

bare soil

forest

sea

snow

Land Surface Cloudshigh reflectance

low reflectance

thick clouds

thin clouds over land

thin clouds over sea

cloud detection, cloud tracking,

aerosol observation, image navigation

support scene identification


sun glint

desert

bare soil

forest

sea

snow


low reflectance

thick clouds

thin clouds over land

thin clouds over sea

grass etc.

cloud detection, cloud tracking,

aerosol observation, image navigation


MSG Channel VIS0.8


sun glint

desert

bare soil

forest

sea

snow


low reflectance

water clouds with small droplets

grass etc.

water clouds with large droplets

ice clouds with small particles

ice clouds with large particles

aerosol observation, snow/ice detection


MSG Channel NIR1.6


Contribution Function

“window” channelCO2 absorptionplus solar contribution during daytime!


sea

cold land

forest

sun glintfires

Land Surface Cloudslow reflectance/

cold

high reflectance/warm

cold ice clouds

warm tropical areas

ice clouds with small particles

water clouds over sea

water clouds over landhot desert

snow

293.0(SST: 297.7)

night-time fog detectioncloud phase

urban heat islandfire detection


MSG Channel IR3.9 Day


cold surfaces

fires

Land Surface Cloudscold

warm

warm surfaces (trop. oceans,

lakes)

high-level clouds

mid-level clouds

low-level clouds291.7night-time fog detection

cloud phaseurban heat island

fire detectionsuport scene identification

MSG Channel IR3.9 Night


no / almost no surface contributionactual weighting function depends on actual humidity profileWV6.2: higher in atmosphere than WV7.3



high humidity in upper

troposphere


warm

high-level clouds

low humidity in upper

troposphere

243.2water vapour informationwind tracking

support scene identificationsupport GII retrieval

MSG Channel WV6.2


high humidity in mid

troposphere


warm

high-level clouds

low humidity in mid

troposphere

high level warm surface

mid-level clouds

263.1water vapour informationwind tracking


MSG Channel WV7.3


“window” channelH2O absorption



cold land surface


warm

high-level clouds

warm sea surface

hot land surface

mid-level clouds

low-level clouds

291.7thin or broken cirrus cloudscloud phase


MSG Channel IR8.7


large surface contribution, ozone absorption



cold land surface


warm

high-level clouds

warm sea surface

hot land surface

mid-level clouds

low-level clouds

272.5total ozone informationtropopause monitoring

MSG Channel IR9.6


“split window” channelslarge surface contributionsome H2O absorption(higher in 12.0)



cold land surface


warm

high-level clouds

warm sea surface

hot land surface

mid-level clouds

low-level clouds

293.8earth and cloud temperaturelow level humidity

cloud trackingsupport scene identification

support GII retrieval

MSG Channel IR10.8


cold land surface


warm

high-level clouds

warm sea surface

hot land surface

mid-level clouds

low-level clouds

292.6earth and cloud temperaturelow level humidity

cloud trackingsupport scene identification


MSG Channel IR12.0


some surface contributionCO2 absorption



cold land surface


warm

high-level clouds

warm sea surface

hot land surface

mid-level clouds

low-level clouds

273.5height determination of thin cloudssupport scene identification


MSG Channel IR13.4


high reflectance

low reflectance

very thick clouds

very thin clouds over land

very thin clouds over sea

sun glint

snow

desert

bare soil

forest

sea surface

small scale convectionsurface features

aerosol observations(cloud tracking)

MSG Channel HRVIS


VIS0.6 HRV

Usefulness of HRV data can be best assessed by comparing to 3km resolution data


Improved Nowcasting (very short term forecasting) Higher quality of the image data Higher temporal and spatial resolution, and higher

quality of the meteorological parameters, which are derived from the image data better forecasts

Higher capacity of data collection (climate monitoring, science)

GERB instrument for climatological studies S&R package for emergencies

Summary: MSG Benefits


Summary: Value of MSG for Nowcasting

Higher temporal sampling (15 minutes) Higher spatial sampling (3 km IR and VIS, 1 km HRVIS) Higher spectral sampling (12 channels) Higher quality of data (e.g. 10 bits digitisation) Better discrimination of surfaces/clouds (window

channels) More information on vetical structure of the atmosphere

– Pseudo sounding and stability products

– Water vapour at two levels (WV channels)

– Ozone/tropopause information (IR9.6 channel)


Summary: Value of MSG for NWP

Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV)– Better tracking (15 minutes)

– Improved height assignment (with IR13.4 and WV channels)

– Potential for higher resolution winds

– Better spatial coverage near and over active weather systems more layers of AMVs (2 WV channels, Ozone channel) more information on cloudy and cloud-free areas

– Automatic quality control and flags for NWP assimilation

Clear Sky Radiances (CSR)


Summary: Value of MSG for Climate Monitoring

Improved calibration and radiometric accuracy Provision of basic climate data sets Dedicated Satellite Application Facility (Climate SAF)

and multi-mission archive (U-MARF) Potential for land applications (e.g. surface albedo) Novel observations of convective phenomena (micro-

physics and dynamics)

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METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG)

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