Methane emissions: best practices in MRV and
abatement in the
agriculture, waste and
energy sectorsSTAKEHOLDER EVENT – 9 JUNE 2020
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Drew Shindell
NICHOLAS PROFESSOR OF EARTH SCIENCE AT DUKE
UNIVERSITY
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Methane in 2020(Including an update on the CCAC/UNEP Global Methane Assessment)
Drew Shindell
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University
Duke: Yuqiang Zhang, Karl Seltzer, Muye Ru, Krista Stark,
Jared Junkin
NASA GISS: Greg Faluvegi
NOAA GFDL: Vaishali Naik, Larry Horowitz, Jian He
NCAR: Jean-Francois Lamarque
Nagoya University: Kengo Sudo
University of Reading: Bill Collins
Stockholm Environment Institute: Johan Kuylenstierna, Chris Malley
Ongoing Methane Growth
Observation: Surface Concentration
NOAA ESRL, 2020 Nisbet et al, 2020
Impact: Departure from 2℃ scenario
Methane Distribution: Satellites
SCIAMACHY/TEMIS
Sept2011
April2012
Methane column (ppb)
Methane column (ppb)
Methane Sources: Bottom-up
Saunois et al, 2016
2012
Methane Sources: Aircraft
Duren et al, 2019
Diamonds – Self-reported
Bars - Aircraft
10% of sources contribute 60% of emissions
Sources & Trends
Increasing, and well above 2℃ path
Likely in part due to fossil fuels & surge in gas extraction
Likely in part due to tropical biogenic flux (perhaps climate driven)
Regardless of exact fraction of total or growth from specific sectors, we know the big ones and can reduce them!
Abatement: Worldwide Technical Potential
Abatement: Worldwide Cost Curves
IEA data for oil & gas at left, IIASA above
Abatement: Least-cost Pathways
Data from 1.5 ℃ database
Methane Assessment Rationale
Well-mixed gas
Simulations can inform all subsequent assessments (regional) without rerunning models
Provide consistent output for climate and air pollution responses
Multi-model simulations can provide good characterization of uncertainties
Online tools can make it easier for policy-makers (or anyone) to see benefits of methane mitigation & demonstrate to public
Impact calculator & Methane Assessment will be public (~end of year, beta version of web tool at: http://shindellgroup.rc.duke.edu/apps/methane/)
Clear that maximizing societal welfare not the same as maximizing either climate or air quality benefits alone (e.g. public health and crop yields depend on both)
Methane mitigation can provide large climate and air quality benefits, often at low cost
Conclusions
Michèle Rivasi
MEP - GROUP OF THE GREENS/EUROPEAN FREE ALLIANCE -
FRANCE
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Walter Giacopini
GM-GREENMETHANE
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UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES:
METHANE LOSSES
Potassium Carbonate washing has the
lowest environmental footprint due to:
- Negligible methane slip -
- Inorganic & non toxic media -
- Reduced energy consumption -
“The best methane abatement practice
is the unnecessary one”
The GHG emission in biomethane production chain shall be minimised!
John Lynch
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
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Margherita Tolotto
EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL BUREAU
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Maik Kindermann
DSM
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Cows make methane
Methane traps heat
Bovaer® reduces methane
teaspoon daily
in a cow’s feed
less methane
produced
takes effect
immediately
proven safe for consumers, for
cows, and good for our planet
It’s not their fault. Methane is a byproduct of digesting the tough, fibrous food
they eat. And it’s released into the air burp by burp.
Like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane is a greenhouse gas. Its warming effect
is shorter lived, but much more potent than CO2. So eliminating it begins to
pay off right away.
In a cow’s stomach, microbes help food break down. This releases hydrogen and carbon dioxide. An enzyme combines these
gases to form methane. Bovaer® is a feed additive that suppresses the enzyme, so less methane gets generated.
How it works
Bovaer® is the most extensively researched and scientifically proven solution
z
North America
• 8 beef and 7 dairy trials
• Up to 82% methane reduction
• Largest trial > 15,000 heads
Latin America
• 1 beef and 1 dairy trial
• Up to 55% methane reduction
Europe
• 12 dairy trials
• Up to 35% methane reduction
• Longest trial: 1 year at a
commercial dairy
Oceania
• 2 beef and 4 dairy trials
• Up to 55% methane reduction
• Main trial sites for new forms and
applications targeted at pasture
Jean Baptise Dolle
COPA-COGECA
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MRV for methane emissions in the livestock sector
Farmassessment
Carbon mitigation action plan
LOW CARBON DAIRY FARM & BEEF CARBON
Jean Baptiste Dollé – French Livestock InstituteMethane MRV – Stakeholders meeting – June 8th 2020
Methane emissions & GHG
IPCC Tier 3 Methodology
13 000 farms involved in France
Monitoring
Reporting
Verification and Carbon certification
CARBON AGRI
Farmassessment
Carbon reductions
MRV for methane emissions reductions in the livestock sector
Jean Baptiste Dollé – French Livestock InstituteMethane MRV – Stakeholders meeting – June 8th 2020
Jean François Delaitre
EUROPEAN BIOGAS ASSOCIATION - ASSOCIATION DES
AGRICULTEURS MÉTHANISEURS DE FRANCE
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Potential of biogas for methane emission
reductions in the agriculture sector
• Anaerobic digestion produces biogas and digestate
• Biogas plants have the potential to reduce methane emissions while producing
net-zero emissions renewable energy :
• Viable treatment solution for biodegradable waste, including manure (when
manure management = 8.2% of the total EU-KP CH4 emissions)
• Overall lifecycle GHG emissions reductions of biomethane compared to
natural gas are considered to be higher than 100% when manure is used as a
feedstock.
Potential of biogas for methane emission
reductions in the agriculture sector • Necessary to ensure sustainable biogas production with appropriate practices during the entire
biogas production process :
• Waste storage before treatment should be minimal
• Biogas production : adequate audits for leaks to encourage plants to be regularly audited and
updated if need be, presence of an automatic flare
• Use of biogas : optimal knowledge of the plant to optimize operations
• Use of digestate : optimal hydraulic retention time to ensure complete digestion, closed storage
pit
• Encouraging best practices in biogas plants : example of the quality charter of the AAMF in France
Q&A
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Giuseppe Franco Ferrari
and Iñigo del GuayoBOCCONI UNIVERISTY
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Patrick Clerens
EUROPEAN SUPPLIERS OF WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
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EUROPEAN SUPPLIERSOF WASTE-TO-ENERGYTECHNOLOGY
Methane emissions in the waste sector. The case-study of Germany.
PATRICK CLERENS,ESWET SECRETARY-GENERAL
EUROPEAN SUPPLIERSOF WASTE-TO-ENERGYTECHNOLOGY
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Number of landfills in Germany:
• 1970: around 50,000
• 2020: less than 300
The impact of landfill diversion in Germany
Methane emissions from landfills:
• about 35.5 million tonnes in 1990
• 7.5 million tonnes in 2018
Source: European Environment Agency
The impact of landfill diversion in Germany
EUROPEAN SUPPLIERSOF WASTE-TO-ENERGYTECHNOLOGY
THANK YOU!
PATRICK CLERENS,ESWET SECRETARY-GENERAL
Alberto Confalonieri
EUROPEAN COMPOSTING NETWORK (ECN)- ITALIAN
COMPOSTING ASSOCIATION (CIC)
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Lorenzo Ceccherini
CONFEDERATION OF EUROPEAN WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS
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CEWEP is the umbrella association of the operators of Waste-to-Energy (WtE) Plants across Europe.
They incinerate household and similar commercial & industrial waste that remains after waste prevention, reuse and recycling and generate energy out of it.
Krakow WtE plant, Poland
CEWEP – Confederation of European WtE Plants
2017 - CEWEP Members: 80 M tonnes; 410 plants
- EU 28: 90 M tonnes; 444 plants
- Europe: 96 M tonnes; 492 plants
Reducing Greenhouse Gases:
In total, Europe landfills 175 million tonnes of non-mineral wasteemitting more than 140 million tonnes of CO2eq
At least 153 million tonnes of CO2eq savings could be achieved by:• Diverting waste that is currently landfilled to quality recycling and Waste-to-Energy• By substituting fossil fuels used for the generation of energy with Waste-to-Energy
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Q&A
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Dennis Rendschmidt
GERMAN TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION FOR
GAS AND WATER (DVGW)
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Reducing Methane Emissions
from German Energy Infrastructure
Prof Dr Gerald Linke
9 June 2020, Stakeholder Event “Methane emissions – best
practices in MRV and abatement in the agriculture, energy and
waste sectors”, European Commission, Brussels
A Look into the Past:
what we have achieved already
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-40%CH4
Source: UNFCCC, Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data,
Fugitive methane emissions from natural gas.
Fugitive Methane Emissions* from
Natural Gas in GermanyLeak Detection And
Repair (LDAR)
• program outlined in the DVGW
rulebook
• introduction of new practices
to reduce leaks
Investments in grids &
maintenance
• invested billions in new
infrastructure elements
• updated maintenance rules in
the DVGW rulebook
Effectively trained
technical staff
• constant efforts to train workers.
BALSibau launched to reduce
pipeline-related incidents caused
by third parties
Removal of grey cast
iron pipelines
• replaced these pipelines with
modern materials such as PE
• lead to significant emission
reductions
* Methane emissions released into the atmosphere during the production,
processing, transmission, storage and distribution of natural gas
Source: Avacon Netz GmbH: Project ME DSO, 2019
The next Steps: what we are doing to
reduce methane emissions even more
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100–300field
measurements
throughout
Gas becomes green
Measurement Project: “Methane Emissions from
the Gas Distribution Network (ME DSO)”
• review of avail. data & recommendations for future data collection
• identified scope of measurements to achieve statistically reliable
results & recommended an accurate measurement method
• initiated measurement program using the suction method
New DVGW Rule: “Technical Guideline for the
Reduction of Methane Emissions in the Gas
Distribution Network (ME-Red DSO)”• fact sheets for established and innovate measures (e.g. use of
vacuum pumps for purging) to reduce methane emissions
• decision trees for grid operators (e.g. reduction potential and costs)
Julien Moulin
LA FRANCAISE DE L’ENERGIE
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Dave Jones
EMBER
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Poppy Kalesi
ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND
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Environmental Defense Fund contribution to DG ENER’s stakeholder workshop on Methane MRV and abatement
Poppy Kalesi, Director, Global Energy
Colorado Regulation 7
• 52% decrease in number of leaks two years after enactment
• Requires companies to find and fix methane leaks from well production facilities, design storage tanks and upgrade other equipment to minimise emissions in the upstream segment.
• The effectiveness of the Colorado regulations has to a large degree been determined by significant operator compliance.
What happens in case of non-compliance?
The Air Pollution Control Division has the following tools at its disposal:
• Order the operator to comply with the regulations.This can include terminating, revoking, modifying or reissuance the permit.
• Instituting a civil action in state District Court to collect civil penalties of up to $15,000 per day, per violation.
• Request the district attorney to bring an action to enjoin any further violation of an emission control regulation.
• Seek criminal penalties, including fines of up to $25,000 per day per violation, for knowing violations of rules. Knowingly releasing of hazardous air pollutants that place others in imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm are subject to fines up to $50,000 per day, per violation or imprisonment up to 4 years.
• The state, in conjunction with the federal EPA, has entered into consent decrees with various operators for violations of state and federal air pollution control rules that involved multi-million dollar settlements and obligated the operators to conduct significant design and operational changes.
Axel Scheuer
EXXONMOBIL
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Jonathan Banks
CLEAN AIR TASK FORCE
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Ian Kuwahara
ALBERTA ENERGY REGULATOR
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Konstantin Romanov
GAZPROM
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Christopher Jones
EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE
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Alexander Gusev
CLUSTER REPLY AG GERMANY
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SMART MONITORINGOF METHANE EMISSIONS
HOW TO DETECT, QUANTIFY AND MITIGATE METHANE EMISSIONS
Dr. Alexander Gusev – Senior Solution Architect
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Holistic smart methane
monitoring systemCombining existing methane reduction tools with new digital tools to achieve a truly holistic smart
monitoring system
Sensors• Cost efficient, real-time monitoring,
calibration, high accuracy
• Allow monitoring of CH4, C02, CO,
hydrogen, propane, LPG, smoke
Satellite• Provide global picture at scale
with high resolution
• Satellite measurements can be
then integrated with other data
streams
Drones• Low costs, long-range and time
efficient, automated surveillance
• Can be used to monitor methane,
as well as infrastructure with
minimal maintenance costs
Engineering reports• Provide knowledge and
observations regarding methane
leakage spots
Spot robots• Allow detailed identification of
emission sources, completely
autonomous
• Used to measure emissions both at
pipelines and compressor stations
Dashboards• Show real-time emission levels at a
particular point (e.g. compressor
station); alerts and notificationSCADA architecture can be integrated with
cloud/on-premise infrastructure to assure
scalability and flexibility
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Takeaways: smart digital toolsMethodology
• Allow clear quantification and monitoring of emissions on-site – therefore,
real contribution to mitigate climate change
• Fulfill the requirements of Tier 3 (IPCC) and OGMP 2.0 (Level 5)
• Discrepancies between top-down and bottom-up approaches could be
minimized, due to near-continuous monitoring of emissions
• Best practices for deploying emissions monitoring technologies can help to
build a baseline for reporting and comparison
Society
• Help to build transparency and trust in monitoring and reporting of
methane emissions by providing real-time measurements
• Development of Gas Emission Certificates could create clear and reliable
proofs of emission levels
Companies
• Decrease maintenance costs and time needed for monitoring
• Allow continuous monitoring
• The same technologies are used in different segmentsSLIDO CODE: 98491
Robert Judd
EUROPEAN GAS RESEARCH GROUP (GERG)
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The European Gas Research Group Collaborative R&D group for gas with strong industry focus
Over 30 members from 12 countries: gas companies, research centres and universities
Methane Emissions: a GERG Priority
The recent Marcogaz 'Assessment of Methane Emissions for Gas Transmission and Distribution System Operators' report was based on the GERG project MEEM: ‘Methane Emissions Estimation Method'. The report will be used as the basis for downstream industry reporting on methane emissions (integrated into the OGMP 2.0).
Methane Emissions related projects:
Gas migration in soil from a distribution network leakage
Quantifying underground leakages from (gas) pipelines
Measurement of the emission of gas from the transmission system
Hamburg Methane Emissions Project
EC-funded Projects
DEO • CONRAD • DIGBUILD • VOGUE • MICROMAP • PRESENSE • LABNET • GIGA • COMBO • NATURALHY • ORFEUS • INTEG-RISK • GASQUAL• LNG DENSITOMETER • ELEGANCY •THYGA • Biomethane Barriers
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Methane Emissions Measurement In addition to the industry standard of bottom-up technologies of methane
emissions measurement, top-down measurement technologies are beinginvestigated.
Vehicle:
Vehicle surveys have been implemented in Europe for the last 30 years; Picarro’smobile detection system, using sensitive methane/ethane sensors, has proven efficientto quickly detect large leaks. However, extensive measurement campaigns in the USA(NYSEARCH) showed large uncertainty related to the quantification of large number ofsmall leaks makes it unsuitable to quantify emissions.
Satellite:
For the moment, satellite observations don't seem fit for purpose from a mid &downstream perspective.
In 2017, EU distribution networks methane emissions = 330-500 kT/yr
Uncertainty band in the recent paper on Permian basin ME = +/- 500 kT/yr
GERG had previously conducted the EU-funded PRESENSE project on satellitesurveillance and is currently considering the creation of new GERG projects onsatellite/drone surveillance of gas networks.
Main Challenges:
• Correlation between Top-down and Bottom-up measurement techniques
• Estimation of emissions: management of uncertainty
• Resource allocation: Refining residual leaks estimation VS most efficient abatement of emissions from larger leaks
To address these challenges, GERG has setup a Methane Emissions Working Group,tasked with developing a roadmap to closeknowledge gaps on the topic through astructured process.
Pietro Mezzano
OIL AND GAS CLIMATE INITIATIVE
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Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI)
THE INITIATIVE : LOWER CARBON VIA COLLECTIVE ACTION & PARTNERSHIPS
CLIMATE INVESTMENTS : LOWER CARBON VIA INVESTING IN SOLUTIONS
Our Focus
Paris
Agreement
• CEO-led
• Voluntary
• Ambitious
• Additional
• Action oriented
TransportCCUS Role of Gas
Energy Efficiency
Low Emission Opportunities
Natural Climate Solutions
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions, by increasing energy efficiency in power, industry and transport
Reduce methane
emissions through
detection,
measurement &
mitigation
Recycle and store carbon dioxide(CCUS) inapplications such as industrial processes and power generation
• Invest
• Implement
• Achieve impact
at a global scale
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IOGP / IPIECA / OGCI Recommended Practices for CH4 emissions detection and measurement-based quantification technologies
Scope
Provide the user with a framework on how to applydifferent combinations of detection and
measurement-based quantification technologies to:
1. Achieve more effective mitigation action,
2. Improve the robustness of identifying frequencyand persistence of large methane emissions,
3. Understand the feasibility of incorporating
detection observations into emission inventories
4. Improve the quantification of methane emission
TimelineFollowing a phased approach
Q2 20’ to Q1 21’ Detection technologiesQ2 21’ onwards Measurement-based
quantification technologies
Perimeter
Upstream O&GGlobal, all types of assets
Governance
Steerco: IOGP, IPIECA, OGCITask Force: IOGP (lead), IPIECA,
OGCI, others
Consultant – driving force to manage the project
Independent experts to provide
additional technical support
Pascal Alas
GIE AND MARCOGAZ
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Best practices in MRV in the gas sector
Stakeholder event on methane emissions
9th of June of 2020
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The role of the gas industry in reducing
methane emissions
Methane emissions management and reduction for the EU gas
industry:
• Not a new topic
• Among the top priorities
• An opportunity to contribute to achieving the Paris
Agreement targets
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What is the European gas industry doing?
Technical guidance to assess methane emissions inaccordance with a harmonised and transparentmethodology.
Common methane emissions reporting framework
Assessment of methane emissions for Gas Transmission &
Distribution System Operators
Collaborating with the EC, UNEP and EDF with the aim ofhaving a common methane emissions reporting framework.Developing a reporting template and a technical guide.
Guidelines for methane emissions target setting
This document helps companies from theentire gas value chain to set methane emissionreduction targets as complement to mitigationstrategies.
Thank you!
Q&A
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CLOSING REMARKS
STEFAN MOSER - HEAD OF UNIT FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND
SAFETY IN DG ENER
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THANK YOU
ON BEHALF OF THE CROSS-SECTORAL METHANE TEAM
ANY FURTHER QUESTIONS? PLEASE SEND US AN EMAIL:
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