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(English Version) Revised in July 2017 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infection and Community-associated MRSA Infection Causative agent Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacterium commonly carried on the skin or in the nasal cavity of healthy people. These healthy individuals carry the bacteria without signs or symptoms of infection. Yet, the bacteria may sometimes cause diseases such as infection of skin, wound, urinary tract, lung, bloodstream and food poisoning. Most S. aureus infections can be treated by antibiotics effectively. However, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a strain of S. aureus that is resistant to antibiotics including methicillin and other commonly used antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin and cephalosporins. Improper use of antibiotics is widely recognised as a contributing factor to antibiotic resistance. Most MRSA infections occur in people who have been hospitalised, live in residential care homes or have received treatment in health care settings such as dialysis centres. What is ‘Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)’ infection? Sometimes, infections due to MRSA may occur in community-dwelling individuals who have not been hospitalised, stayed in residential care homes, or received medical procedures within a year prior to symptom onset. These are known as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections. Clinical features MRSA usually causes skin and soft tissue infections such as pimples, boils, abscesses or wound infections. The infected area may be red, swollen and painful or it may produce pus. Sometimes, more serious sequelae such as bloodstream infections, lung infections or necrotising fasciitis may occur. Mode of transmission The main mode of transmission of MRSA infections is through direct contact with wounds, discharge and soiled areas. Other risk factors include close contact, breaks in the skin due to wounds or indwelling catheters, poor personal hygiene and living in crowded conditions. Management Individuals with wound infection should seek advice from health care professional quickly so that the infection can be properly diagnosed and effectively treated. Boils or abscesses may require incision and drainage while antibiotics may be prescribed if indicated. Prevention Maintain personal hygiene Wash hands with liquid soap and water thoroughly when they are visibly soiled or likely dirtied by body fluid. When hands are not visibly soiled, clean them with 70 – 80% alcohol-based handrub as an effective alternative. Wear gloves when handling soiled objects, and wash hands thoroughly afterwards. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, clothing or uniforms, razors or nail-clippers. Proper wound management Avoid direct contact with wounds or objects soiled by wound discharge. Clean broken skin immediately and cover properly with waterproof adhesive dressings. Wash hands before and after touching wounds. Consult doctor promptly if symptoms of infection develop. Avoid contact sports or visiting public bathrooms if you have an open wound. Safe use of antibiotics Only take antibiotics prescribed by your doctor. Follow advice given by your doctor when taking antibiotics. Enhance personal hygiene while you are taking antibiotics to protect yourself and to prevent the spread of bacteria: Keep hands clean. Eat only well-cooked food. Drink only boiled water. Disinfect and cover all wounds. Wear a surgical mask if you have respiratory symptoms like cough, sneeze, runny nose and sore throat. Young children having symptoms of infection should minimise contact with other children. Never share your antibiotics with others. Maintain environmental hygiene Keep the environment clean; disinfect reusable items in public places such as sport centres and public bathrooms regularly. Measures that aim to prevent MRSA infection apply well to CA-MRSA infection. For prevention of the latter infection, it is important to keep the home clean and free of dust. Frequently-touched surfaces (e.g. toilet seat, bathroom), children’s toys and bed linens should be washed, cleaned and disinfected (with diluted household bleach) regularly. Centre for Health Protection Website: www.chp.gov.hk 24-Hour Health Education Hotline of the Department of Health: 2833 0111 (耐藥性和社區型耐藥性金黃葡萄球菌感染單張) (MRSA and CA-MRSA Infection Pamphlet) (印尼文版) (Bahasa Indonesia Version) (泰文版) (Thai Version) (菲律賓文版) (Tagalog Version) Infeksi Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) dan Infeksi MRSA Terkait Masyarakat Impeksyong Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Community-associated MRSA
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Page 1: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and ... · PDF fileTingkatkan kebersihan pribadi saat minum antibiotik untuk melindungi diri sendiri dan mencegah penyebaran bakteri:

(English Version)

Revised in July 2017

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infection and Community-associated MRSA InfectionCausative agentStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacterium commonly carried on the skin or in the nasal cavity of healthy people. These healthy individuals carry the bacteria without signs or symptoms of infection. Yet, the bacteria may sometimes cause diseases such as infection of skin, wound, urinary tract, lung, bloodstream and food poisoning.

Most S. aureus infections can be treated by antibiotics effectively. However, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a strain of S. aureus that is resistant to antibiotics including methicillin and other commonly used antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin and cephalosporins. Improper use of antibiotics is widely recognised as a contributing factor to antibiotic resistance.Most MRSA infections occur in people who have been hospitalised, live in residential care homes or have received treatment in health care settings such as dialysis centres.

What is ‘Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)’ infection?Sometimes, infections due to MRSA may occur in community-dwelling individuals who have not been hospitalised, stayed in residential care homes, or received medical procedures within a year prior to symptom onset. These are known as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections.Clinical featuresMRSA usually causes skin and soft tissue infections such as pimples, boils, abscesses or wound infections. The infected area may be red, swollen and painful or it may produce pus. Sometimes, more serious sequelae such as bloodstream infections, lung infections or necrotising fasciitis may occur.Mode of transmissionThe main mode of transmission of MRSA infections is through direct contact with wounds, discharge and soiled areas. Other risk factors include close contact, breaks in the skin due to wounds or indwelling catheters, poor personal hygiene and living in crowded conditions.ManagementIndividuals with wound infection should seek advice from health care professional quickly so that the infection can be properly diagnosed and effectively treated. Boils or abscesses may require incision and drainage while antibiotics may be prescribed if indicated.

PreventionMaintain personal hygiene Wash hands with liquid soap and water thoroughly when they are visibly soiled or likely dirtied by body fluid. When

hands are not visibly soiled, clean them with 70 – 80% alcohol-based handrub as an effective alternative.

Wear gloves when handling soiled objects, and wash hands thoroughly afterwards.

Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, clothing or uniforms, razors or nail-clippers.Proper wound management Avoid direct contact with wounds or objects soiled by wound discharge.

Clean broken skin immediately and cover properly with waterproof adhesive dressings. Wash hands before and after touching wounds. Consult doctor promptly if symptoms of infection develop.

Avoid contact sports or visiting public bathrooms if you have an open wound.

Safe use of antibiotics Only take antibiotics prescribed by your doctor.

Follow advice given by your doctor when taking antibiotics.

Enhance personal hygiene while you are taking antibiotics to protect yourself and to prevent the spread of bacteria:‧Keep hands clean.‧Eat only well-cooked food. Drink only boiled water.

‧Disinfect and cover all wounds.

‧Wear a surgical mask if you have respiratory symptoms like cough, sneeze, runny nose and sore throat.

‧Young children having symptoms of infection should minimise contact with other children.

Never share your antibiotics with others.Maintain environmental hygiene Keep the environment clean; disinfect reusable items in public places such as sport centres and public bathrooms regularly.

Measures that aim to prevent MRSA infection apply well to CA-MRSA infection. For prevention of the latter infection, it is important to keep the home clean and free of dust. Frequently-touched surfaces (e.g. toilet seat, bathroom), children’s toys and bed linens should be washed, cleaned and disinfected (with diluted household bleach) regularly.

Centre for Health Protection Website: www.chp.gov.hk24-Hour Health Education Hotline of the Department of Health: 2833 0111

(耐藥性和社區型耐藥性金黃葡萄球菌感染單張)(MRSA and CA-MRSA Infection Pamphlet)

(印尼文版)(Bahasa Indonesia Version)

(泰文版)(Thai Version)

(菲律賓文版)(Tagalog Version)

Infeksi Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)dan Infeksi MRSA Terkait Masyarakat

Impeksyong Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Community-associated MRSA

Page 2: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and ... · PDF fileTingkatkan kebersihan pribadi saat minum antibiotik untuk melindungi diri sendiri dan mencegah penyebaran bakteri:

Infeksi Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) dan Infeksi MRSA Terkait Masyarakat

PenyebabStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) adalah bakteri yang umumnya berhabitat di kulit atau rongga hidung orang yang sehat. Individu sehat dapat membawa bakteri ini tanpa menunjukkan tanda-tanda infeksi. Akan tetapi, bakteri ini kadang dapat mengakibatkan penyakit seperti infeksi kulit, luka, saluran kencing, paru-paru, aliran darah, serta keracunan makanan.

Sebagian besar kasus infeksi S. aureus dapat diobati secara efektif dengan antibiotik. Akan tetapi, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) adalah galur S. aureus yang resisten terhadap antibiotik, termasuk methicillin dan antibiotik yang umum dipakai seperti oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, dan cephalosporin. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat umum diketahui sebagai faktor yang berkontribusi dalam menyebabkan resistensi terhadap antibiotik.

Sebagian besar kasus infeksi MRSA terjadi pada orang yang dirawat di rumah sakit, tinggal di panti jompo atau dirawata di pusat perawatan kesehatan seperti pusat dialisis.

Apa itu infeksi MRSA terkait masyarakat? Terkadang, infeksi akibat MRSA dapat terjadi dalam komunitas yang terdiri atas individu yang tidak pernah dirawat di rumah sakit, tinggal di panti jompo, atau mengalami prosedur medis dalam setahun sebelum gejala-gejalanya mulai tampak. Ini dikenal sebagai infeksi MRSA terkait masyarakat atau community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infection.

Gejala klinis MRSA umumnya mengakibatkan infeksi kulit dan jaringan ringan seperti jerawat, bisul, abses, atau infeksi pada luka. Area yang terinfeksi bisa jadi tampak merah, bengkak dan terasa sakit atau mengeluarkan nanah. Terkadang, gejala yang lebih parah seperti infeksi aliran darah, infeksi paru-paru atau necrotising fasciitis (kerusakan jaringan) dapat terjadi.

PenularanCara penularan infeksi MRSA terutama adalah melalui kontak langsung dengan luka, cairan tubuh dan area yang terkontaminasi. Faktor risiko lainnya termasuk kontak dalam jarak dekat, goresan pada kulit akibat luka atau infus, kebersihan pribadi yang tidak baik dan kondisi tempat tinggal yang terlalu padat.

PengelolaanOrang yang mengalami infeksi luka harus segera minta bantuan dari petugas kesehatan agar infeksi dapat didiagnosis dengan tepat dan diobati secara efektif. Bisul atau abses mungkin perlu ditoreh dan dikeringkan, dan antibiotik mungkin akan diresepkan kalau perlu.

PencegahanMenjaga kebersihan pribadi Cuci tangan yang bersih dengan sabun cair dan air kalau tampak kotor atau

terkena cairan tubuh. Kalau tidak tampak kotor, bersihkan tangan dengan pembersih tangan berbasis alkohol 70-80%. Ini adalah alternatif yang efektif.

Kenakan sarung tangan saat menangani barang-barang kotor lalu cuci tangan yang bersih setelahnya.

Hindari berbagi barang pribadi seperti handuk, pakaian atau seragam, pisau cukur atau gunting kuku.

Perawatan luka yang tepat Hindari kontak langsung dengan luka atau benda-benda yang terkontaminasi

cairan dari luka. Segera bersihkan kulit yang terluka dan tutup yang benar dengan plester tahan air.

Cuci tangan sebelum dan setelah menyentuh luka. Segera konsultasikan dengan dokter jika muncul gejala infeksi.

Hindari olahraga yang membutuhkan kontak fisik atau menggunakan kamar kecil umum jika Anda memiliki luka terbuka.

Penggunaan antibiotik yang aman Hanya minum antibiotik yang diresepkan oleh dokter. Ikuti saran dokter saat minum antibiotik. Tingkatkan kebersihan pribadi saat minum antibiotik untuk melindungi diri sendiri

dan mencegah penyebaran bakteri: ‧ Jangan kebersihan tangan. ‧ Makan makanan yang matang benar. Minum air yang sudah dimasak. ‧ Bersihkan dan tutup semua luka. ‧ Kenakan masker jika Anda mengalami gejala pernafasan seperti batuk, bersih,

hidung berair, dan sakit tenggorokan. ‧ Anak kecil yang menunjukkan gejala-gejala infeksi harus mengurangi kontak

seminimal mungkin dengan anak lain. Jangan berbagi antibiotik dengan orang lain.

Jaga kebersihan lingkungan Pastikan lingkungan tetap bersih; basmi kuman dari benda-benda yang dipakai

bersama di tempat umum seperti pusat kebugaran dan kamar kecil umum secara rutin.

Cara yang digunakan untuk mencegah infeksi MRSA juga dapat digunakan untuk infeksi CA-MRSA. Untuk mencegah infeksi CA-MRSA, adalah penting untuk menjaga kebersihan rumah dan bebas dari debut. Permukaan yang sering disentuh (mis: dudukan toilet, kamar mandi), mainan anak-anak dan seprai harus sering dicuci, dibersihkan dan dibasmi dari kuman (dengan pemutih yang sudah diencerkan) secara rutin.

Situs web Pusat Perlindungan Kesehatan (Centre for Health Protection): www.chp.gov.hkJalur Edukasi Kesehatan 24-Jam, Department Kesehatan: 2833 0111

Di revisi pada bulan Juli 2017

(Bahasa Indonesia Version)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infection and Community-associated MRSA InfectionCausative agentStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacterium commonly carried on the skin or in the nasal cavity of healthy people. These healthy individuals carry the bacteria without signs or symptoms of infection. Yet, the bacteria may sometimes cause diseases such as infection of skin, wound, urinary tract, lung, bloodstream and food poisoning.

Most S. aureus infections can be treated by antibiotics effectively. However, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a strain of S. aureus that is resistant to antibiotics including methicillin and other commonly used antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin and cephalosporins. Improper use of antibiotics is widely recognised as a contributing factor to antibiotic resistance.Most MRSA infections occur in people who have been hospitalised, live in residential care homes or have received treatment in health care settings such as dialysis centres.

What is ‘Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)’ infection?Sometimes, infections due to MRSA may occur in community-dwelling individuals who have not been hospitalised, stayed in residential care homes, or received medical procedures within a year prior to symptom onset. These are known as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections.Clinical featuresMRSA usually causes skin and soft tissue infections such as pimples, boils, abscesses or wound infections. The infected area may be red, swollen and painful or it may produce pus. Sometimes, more serious sequelae such as bloodstream infections, lung infections or necrotising fasciitis may occur.Mode of transmissionThe main mode of transmission of MRSA infections is through direct contact with wounds, discharge and soiled areas. Other risk factors include close contact, breaks in the skin due to wounds or indwelling catheters, poor personal hygiene and living in crowded conditions.ManagementIndividuals with wound infection should seek advice from health care professional quickly so that the infection can be properly diagnosed and effectively treated. Boils or abscesses may require incision and drainage while antibiotics may be prescribed if indicated.

PreventionMaintain personal hygiene Wash hands with liquid soap and water thoroughly when they are visibly soiled or likely dirtied by body fluid. When

hands are not visibly soiled, clean them with 70 – 80% alcohol-based handrub as an effective alternative.

Wear gloves when handling soiled objects, and wash hands thoroughly afterwards.

Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, clothing or uniforms, razors or nail-clippers.Proper wound management Avoid direct contact with wounds or objects soiled by wound discharge.

Clean broken skin immediately and cover properly with waterproof adhesive dressings. Wash hands before and after touching wounds. Consult doctor promptly if symptoms of infection develop.

Avoid contact sports or visiting public bathrooms if you have an open wound.

Safe use of antibiotics Only take antibiotics prescribed by your doctor.

Follow advice given by your doctor when taking antibiotics.

Enhance personal hygiene while you are taking antibiotics to protect yourself and to prevent the spread of bacteria:‧Keep hands clean.‧Eat only well-cooked food. Drink only boiled water.

‧Disinfect and cover all wounds.

‧Wear a surgical mask if you have respiratory symptoms like cough, sneeze, runny nose and sore throat.

‧Young children having symptoms of infection should minimise contact with other children.

Never share your antibiotics with others.Maintain environmental hygiene Keep the environment clean; disinfect reusable items in public places such as sport centres and public bathrooms regularly.

Measures that aim to prevent MRSA infection apply well to CA-MRSA infection. For prevention of the latter infection, it is important to keep the home clean and free of dust. Frequently-touched surfaces (e.g. toilet seat, bathroom), children’s toys and bed linens should be washed, cleaned and disinfected (with diluted household bleach) regularly.

Centre for Health Protection Website: www.chp.gov.hk24-Hour Health Education Hotline of the Department of Health: 2833 0111

Page 3: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and ... · PDF fileTingkatkan kebersihan pribadi saat minum antibiotik untuk melindungi diri sendiri dan mencegah penyebaran bakteri:

Impeksyong Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) at Community-associated MRSA

SanhiAng Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ay isang bakterya na karaniwang dinadala sa balat o sa ilong ng mga taong malulusog. Dinadala nitong mga malulusog na tao ang bakterya na walang palatandaan o sintomas ng impeksyon. Ngunit ang bakterya ay maaaring magdulot ng mga sakit tulad ng impeksyon sa balat, sugat, ihi, baga, dugo at pagkalason sa pagkain.

Karamihan sa mga impeksyong S. aureus ay mabisang nagagamot ng antibiotics. Subalit ang methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ay isang strain ng S. aureus na lumalaban sa mga antibiotics kabilang ang methicillin at iba pang karaniwang ginagamit na antibiotics tulad ng oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin at mga cephalosporin. Ang maling paggamit ng antibiotics ay malawakang kinikilala na dahilan sa paglaban sa antibiotics.

Karamihan sa mga impeksyong MRSA ay nangyayari sa mga taong naospital, nakatira sa mga bahay-kalinga o ginamot sa mga pagamutan tulad ng dialysis center.

Ano ang impeksyong 'Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)'?Minsan, ang mga impeksyong dahil sa MRSA ay maaaring mangyari sa mga taong nakatira sa komunidad na hindi naospital, hindi namalagi sa mga bahay-kalinga o hindi nakatanggap ng anumang medikal na pamamaraan sa loob ng isang taon bago ang umpisa ng mga sintomas. Ang mga ito ay tinatawag na impeksyong community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA).

Mga klinikal na katangianAng MRSA ay karaniwang nagdudulot ng mga impeksyon sa balat at malambot na tisyu tulad ng taghiyawat, pigsa, nana o sugat.

Paraan ng paghawaAng pangunahing paraan ng paglilipat ng mga impeksiyong MRSA ay sa pamamagitan ng direktang pagdaite sa mga sugat, nana at naapektuhang mga lugar. Kasama ang ibang mga salik ng panganib ang malapit na pagdaite, mga uka sa balat dahil sa mga sugat o ipinapasok na mga catheter, mahinang pangangalaga sa sariling katawan at paninirahan sa mga masisikip na lugar.

PamamahalaAng mga indibidwal na may naimpeksyong sugat ay dapat na agarang sumangguni sa isang propesyonal na tagapangalaga ng kalusugan upang ang impeksyon ay masuri ng maayos at mabisang magamot. Ang mga pigsa at nana ay maaaring mangailangan ng paghiwa at pagpaagos habang maaari ring magreseta ng mga antibiotic kung nakasaad.

Pag-iwasPanatilihing malinis sa pangangatawan Hugasan ng mabuti ang mga kamay gamit ang likidong sabon at tubig kapag

halatang nadumihan o nabahiran ng anumang likido galing sa katawan. Kapag hindi halata ang dumi, gumamit ng panghugas-kamay na may 70-80% alkohol bilang mabisang alternatibo.

Gumamit ng gwantes kapag humahawak ng mga maruming bagay at hugasan ng mabuti ang mga kamay pagkatapos.

Iwasang magpahiram o manghiram ng mga personal na gamit tulad ng tuwalya, damit o uniporme, pang-ahit o panggupit ng kuko.

Tamang pamamahala ng sugat Iwasan ang direktang kontak sa mga sugat o bagay na nadumihan ng anumang

lumabas sa sugat. Hugasan agad ang balat na may hiwa at takpan ng mabuti gamit ang dumidikit na

pantakip na hindi nababasa ng tubig. Iwasan ang anumang kontak sports o paggamit ng pampublikong banyo kapag

may bukas na sugat.

Maingat na paggamit ng antibiotics Uminom lamang ng antibiotics na inireseta ng iyong duktor.

Sundin ang payo ng iyong duktor kapag umiinom ng antibiotics.

Paghusayin ang pangkalinisang pangkatawan habang umiinom ng antibiotics upang protektahan ang sarili at maiwasan ang pagkalat ng bakterya:

‧ Panatilihing malinis ang mga kamay. ‧ Kumain lamang ng mga pagkaing naluto ng mabuti. Uminom lamang ng

pinakuluang tubig. ‧ Linisin at takpan ang lahat ng sugat. ‧ Gumamit ng surgical mask kung may mga sintomas sa paghinga tulad ng ubo,

pagbahing, sipon at namamagang lalamunan. ‧ Ang mga batang may sintomas ng impeksyon ay dapat umiwas na

makipaghalubilo sa ibang bata.

Huwag ipamahagi ang iyong antibiotics sa iba.Panatilihing malinis sa kapaligiran Panatiliing malinis ang kapaligitan; regular na disimpektahin ang mga bagay na

ginagamit ng paulit-ulit sa mga pampublikong lugar tulad ng mga sport center at pampublikong banyo.

Ang mga panukala na naglalayong makaiwas sa impeksyong MRSA ay naaangkop din sa mga impeksyong CA-MRSA. Para sa pag-iwas sa huling nabanggit na impeksyon, importanteng panatilihing malinis at walang alikabok ang bahay. Ang mga ibabaw ng mga gamit na madalas hawakan (tulad ng inidoro, banyo), mga laruan ng mga bata at mga gamit pang-kama ay dapat regular na labhan, linisin at disimpektahin (gamit ang hinalong pambahay na pampaputi).

Centre for Health Protection Website: www.chp.gov.hk24-oras Health Education Hotline ng Department of Health: 2833 0111 Binago noong Hulyo 2017

(Tagalog Version)

Page 4: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and ... · PDF fileTingkatkan kebersihan pribadi saat minum antibiotik untuk melindungi diri sendiri dan mencegah penyebaran bakteri:

Impeksyong Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) at Community-associated MRSA

SanhiAng Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ay isang bakterya na karaniwang dinadala sa balat o sa ilong ng mga taong malulusog. Dinadala nitong mga malulusog na tao ang bakterya na walang palatandaan o sintomas ng impeksyon. Ngunit ang bakterya ay maaaring magdulot ng mga sakit tulad ng impeksyon sa balat, sugat, ihi, baga, dugo at pagkalason sa pagkain.

Karamihan sa mga impeksyong S. aureus ay mabisang nagagamot ng antibiotics. Subalit ang methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ay isang strain ng S. aureus na lumalaban sa mga antibiotics kabilang ang methicillin at iba pang karaniwang ginagamit na antibiotics tulad ng oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin at mga cephalosporin. Ang maling paggamit ng antibiotics ay malawakang kinikilala na dahilan sa paglaban sa antibiotics.

Karamihan sa mga impeksyong MRSA ay nangyayari sa mga taong naospital, nakatira sa mga bahay-kalinga o ginamot sa mga pagamutan tulad ng dialysis center.

Ano ang impeksyong 'Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)'?Minsan, ang mga impeksyong dahil sa MRSA ay maaaring mangyari sa mga taong nakatira sa komunidad na hindi naospital, hindi namalagi sa mga bahay-kalinga o hindi nakatanggap ng anumang medikal na pamamaraan sa loob ng isang taon bago ang umpisa ng mga sintomas. Ang mga ito ay tinatawag na impeksyong community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA).

Mga klinikal na katangianAng MRSA ay karaniwang nagdudulot ng mga impeksyon sa balat at malambot na tisyu tulad ng taghiyawat, pigsa, nana o sugat.

Paraan ng paghawaAng pangunahing paraan ng paglilipat ng mga impeksiyong MRSA ay sa pamamagitan ng direktang pagdaite sa mga sugat, nana at naapektuhang mga lugar. Kasama ang ibang mga salik ng panganib ang malapit na pagdaite, mga uka sa balat dahil sa mga sugat o ipinapasok na mga catheter, mahinang pangangalaga sa sariling katawan at paninirahan sa mga masisikip na lugar.

PamamahalaAng mga indibidwal na may naimpeksyong sugat ay dapat na agarang sumangguni sa isang propesyonal na tagapangalaga ng kalusugan upang ang impeksyon ay masuri ng maayos at mabisang magamot. Ang mga pigsa at nana ay maaaring mangailangan ng paghiwa at pagpaagos habang maaari ring magreseta ng mga antibiotic kung nakasaad.

(Thai Version)


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