METHODS METHODS OFOF

INSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTION

JOHN JOHN HORNEHORNE

TARGET SKYSPORTSTARGET SKYSPORTS

HIBALDSTOWHIBALDSTOW

NOVEMBER 2002NOVEMBER 2002

AIM OF THIS LESSONAIM OF THIS LESSON

• TO MAKE YOU THE BASIC INSTRUCTOR AWARE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD INSTRUCTION

PRINCIPLES OF GOODPRINCIPLES OF GOODINSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTION

• CLEAR AIM• GOOD PLANNING AND

PREPARATION• PROMOTE INTEREST• USE OF RIGHT SENSES• MAXIMUM ACTIVITY• SIMPLICITY• HUMAN FACTOR• CONFIRMATION BY STAGES

THE AIM THE AIM

• THE AIM IS POSSIBLY THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR WHEN PLANNING YOUR LESSON.

• ALWAYS STATE THE AIM

• REMEMBER TO QUALIFY IT

• IT SHOULD BE YOUR OBJECTIVE

• A CLEAR AIM WILL TELL YOU WHAT TO TEACH AND HOW TO TEACH IT

PLANNINGPLANNINGANDAND

PREPAPREPA RATION

RATION

CONSIDER THE SIX CONSIDER THE SIX P’sP’s

PRIOR - PLANNING

& PREPARATION

PREVENTS - A POOR

PERFORMANCE

PLANNING PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS :-CONSIDERATIONS :-

• THE AREATHE AREA – ENSURE THE AREA IS SUITABLE

FOR WHAT YOU ARE TRYING TO ACHIEVE

TRAINING AIDS ?TRAINING AIDS ?

• LAP TOPS /OH PROJECTORS

• TVs & VIDEOS

• MAG AIDS

• EQUIPMENT

• ASSISTANTS

DO NOT ALLOW TRAINING AIDS TO TAKE OVER YOUR LESSON

SUBJECT KNOWLEDGESUBJECT KNOWLEDGE

• THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR RELEVANT SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE IT WILL HELP YOU TO BE CONFIDENT AND OVERCOME STAGE FRIGHT

YOU MUST DECIDE WHAT POINTS TO TEACH

• MUST KNOW

• SHOULD KNOW

• COULD KNOW

LESSON PLANS ?LESSON PLANS ?

• A STRUCTURED LESSON

• BEGINNING (INTRO-REVISE-AIM)

• MIDDLE (SUBJECT MATTER)

• END (SUMMARY - QUESTIONS -LOOK FORWARD)

• DON’T FORGET TO REHEARSE

INTERESTINTEREST

• YOU AS THE INSTRUCTOR, HAVE TO LEAD THE STUDENTS THROUGH 3 STAGES OF LEARNING :-

• WANT TO LEARN

• LEARN

• REMEMBER

THE DESIRE TO THE DESIRE TO LEARN LEARN

• TO MAINTAIN INTEREST CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING :-

• REALISM

• COMPETITIONS

• CURIOSITY

• VARIETY

• INCENTIVES

THE DESIRE TO THE DESIRE TO LEARN LEARN

• SENSE OF ACHIEVEMENT

• CLASS COMFORT

• CLASS ACTIVITY

• ENTHUSIASM

• WALK BEFORE RUNNING

USE OF RIGHT SENSESUSE OF RIGHT SENSES

• THE THREE SENSES WE ARE INTERESTED IN:

TOUCHHEARING SIGHT

A GOOD LESSON IS MADE UP OF:

70% TOUCH (DOING)

20% SIGHT

10% HEARING

MAXIMUM ACTIVITYMAXIMUM ACTIVITY• IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOUR

STUDENTS REMAIN ACTIVE MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY

• REMEMBER PARACHUTING IS ESSENTIALLY A PRACTICAL SKILL

• WHEN USING EQUIPMENT, LET THE STUDENTS GET HANDS ON

• WHEN TEACHING A DRILL, DEMONSTRATE - IMITATE - PRACTICE

• TEACH FACTS BY USING GOOD QUESTION TECHNIQUE.

SIMPLICITYSIMPLICITY• GOOD INSTRUCTION MAKES A

DIFFICULT SUBJECT EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND MORE IMPORTANTLY EASY TO REMEMBER

• AVOID NEGATIVE TEACHING IF POSSIBLE

• WORK TO SLOWER STUDENTS

• REMEMBER NEED TO KNOW PRINCIPLE

THE HUMAN FACTORTHE HUMAN FACTOR

• PERSONAL APPEARANCE

• DON’T EMBARRASS OR BULLY

• AVOID HANDLING STUDENTS

• DON’T BLUFF

• SEXIST, AGEIST, RACIST, SIZEIST REMARKS

• CONFIRM BY STAGES

• BE APPROACHABLE

• REMEMBER THE QUALITIES OF A SPORT PARACHUTE INSTRUCTOR.

• IN SHORT, YOUR AIM SHOULD BE TO SET A GOOD EXAMPLE, BE FIRM, HELPFUL AND TRY TO SEE THINGS THROUGH YOUR STUDENT’S EYES.

QUESTION TECHNIQUEQUESTION TECHNIQUE

WHY ASK QUESTIONS ?WHY ASK QUESTIONS ?

• TO TEST - TO CONFIRM STUDENTS ARE LEARNING

• TO TEACH - ASK QUESTIONS TO MAKE STUDENTS THINK FOR THEMSELVES

• TO PROMOTE CLASS ACTIVITY - ALERT AND INTERESTED STUDENTS

HOW TO ASK QUESTIONSHOW TO ASK QUESTIONS

• QUESTION- PAUSE - NOMINATE - PUT THE QUESTION TO THE WHOLE CLASS, ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVERY STUDENT TO THINK ABOUT IT, THEN NOMINATE A STUDENT TO ANSWER. THIS STOPS STUDENTS FROM SWITCHING OFF.

POSE-PAUSE-POUNCE

• MAKE QUESTIONS CLEAR - STUDENTS MUST FULLY UNDERSTAND THE QUESTION IN ORDER TO GIVE THE CORRECT ANSWER

• AVOID 50/50 QUESTIONS - STUDENTS MAY GUESS THE ANSWER. IF SUCH A QUESTION CANNOT BE AVOIDED ASK THE STUDENT TO CLARIFY.

• TEST SKILLS BY PERFORMANCE - NEVER ASK THE STUDENT TO DESCRIBE A SKILL, A DEMONSTRATION IS ESSENTIAL

• NEVER TEST POWERS OF EXPRESSION - IT IS UNFAIR TO A STUDENT AND WASTES TIME

QUESTIONS FROM QUESTIONS FROM STUDENTSSTUDENTS

• RELEVANT

• DON’T KNOW

• IRRELEVANT

TO SUMMARISETO SUMMARISE• HAVE GOOD SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE

• HAVE PLENTY OF PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE

• HAVE THE QUALITIES OF A GOOD PARACHUTE INSTRUCTOR

• HAVE THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD INSTRUCTION

ANY QUESTIONS ?ANY QUESTIONS ?