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Mexico
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This chapter will introduce you to Mexico. You will learn all about the region’s geography, history, and culture.
Section 1: Chapter Atlas
Section 2: History of Mexico
Section 3: Mexico Today
Introduction
Chapter IntroductionChapter Introduction
Mexico
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Where does Carolina live during the week?
How will high school graduation set Carolina apart from the rest of her family?
myStory
Carolina’s StoryCarolina’s Story
Mexico
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What similarities and differences do you see between What similarities and differences do you see between Carolina’s life and that of American students?Carolina’s life and that of American students?
myStory
Carolina’s StoryCarolina’s Story
Mexico
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What kind of town is San Nicolas de Guadalupe?
myStory
Carolina’s StoryCarolina’s Story
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Mexico
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Why does Carolina think it is important to speak Mazahua?
How does Carolina help out at home?
myStory
Carolina’s StoryCarolina’s Story
Mexico
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How much does geography shape a country?
Chapter Atlas
Mexico
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Chapter Atlas
What have you done today that required oil, What have you done today that required oil, gas, or electricity?gas, or electricity?
Mexico
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• collapse - v. to crumble or fall
The damaged building was about to collapse.
• inadequate - adj. not sufficient or suitable
The food was inadequate for so many people.
Chapter Atlas
Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary
Mexico
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There are several landform regions in Mexico.
Mexico’s climate varies from arid to semiarid in most areas, which limits agriculture.
Petroleum, hydroelectric power, and mining are important parts of the Mexican economy.
Chapter Atlas
Key IdeasKey Ideas
Mexico
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• sinkhole - depression on the surface of the land caused by the collapse of a cave roof
• altitude - height above sea level
Chapter Atlas
Key TermsKey Terms
Mexico
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• hydroelectric power - the power produced by water-driven turbines
• irrigate - to supply water
Chapter Atlas
Key TermsKey Terms
Mexico
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• Sierra Madre Occidental
• Mexican Plateau
• Yucatán Peninsula
• Rio Grande
Chapter Atlas
What are some important places What are some important places to know in Mexico?to know in Mexico?
Mexico
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Chapter Atlas
Mexico: Outline MapMexico: Outline Map
Mexico
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Chapter Atlas
How would you describe Mexico?How would you describe Mexico?
Mexico
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Baja California and Northern Mexico are very dry.
The southern part of Mexico receives more rain than the north.
Higher elevations have cooler temperatures.
Chapter Atlas
Mexico: ClimateMexico: Climate
Mexico
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Only about one-fifth of Mexico’s land is actually suitable for farming. Why?
Chapter Atlas
Mexican FarmlandMexican Farmland
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Mexico
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Mexico produces more silver than anywhere else in the world.
Mexico’s most important natural resource is petroleum.
Chapter Atlas
Mexico: Land ResourcesMexico: Land Resources
Mexico
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One-sixth of the nation’s electricity comes from hydroelectric power.
Baja California supports a large fishing industry.
Chapter Atlas
Mexico: Land ResourcesMexico: Land Resources
Mexico
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About three quarters of the people in Mexico now live in cities.
Pollution from the spread of industry and the growth of these cities is becoming a major problem.
Chapter Atlas
Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact
Mexico
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Chapter Atlas
What conditions are common in cities along What conditions are common in cities along MexicoMexico’’s northern border?s northern border?
Mexico
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How much does geography shape a country?
Chapter Atlas
Mexico
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History
How has the past shaped the community How has the past shaped the community where you live?where you live?
Mexico
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• convert - v. to cause someone to adopt a different religionPriests tried to convert the native people to Catholicism.
• estate - n. a large piece of land or propertyShe lived on the largest estate in Italy.
History
Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary
Mexico
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Mexico’s original people—the Olmecs, Maya, and Aztecs—settled in the areasurrounding and including today’s Mexico City.
Enlightenment ideas played a part in Mexico’s independence from Spain, similar to the United States in its fight for independence.
History
Key IdeasKey Ideas
Mexico
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Mexico has sometimes struggled to provide opportunities for all of its citizens, despite economic growth.
History
Key IdeasKey Ideas
Mexico
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• maize - corn
• astronomy - the study of the stars and planets
• aqueduct - channel that moves water over a long distance
History
Key TermsKey Terms
Mexico
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• conquistador - Spanish soldier-explorer
• Mexican Revolution - armed rebellion in which the Mexican people fought for political and social reform
History
Key TermsKey Terms
Mexico
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Around 1500 B.C., the Olmec civilization arose along Mexico’s gulf coast.
They developed a political system, a religion, and a system of writing.
They traded with nearby peoples.
History
Olmec RuleOlmec Rule
Mexico
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History
Draw Conclusions: What indicates that the Draw Conclusions: What indicates that the Olmec civilization was advanced?Olmec civilization was advanced?
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Mexico
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The Maya emerged after the Olmecs as the dominant Mexican civilization.
They recorded the history of their rulers, and excelled at astronomy.
Maya civilization declined around A.D. 900.
History
Maya CivilizationMaya Civilization
Mexico
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In the 1400s the Aztecs arose and built their capital, Tenochtitlàn, on an island in the middle of a lake.
They were skilled farmers, and built aqueducts to bring water to the capital.
History
Emergence of the AztecsEmergence of the Aztecs
Mexico
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In 1519 Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortés landed in Mexico.
Cortés destroyed Tenochtitlàn and built Mexico city in its place.
Under Spanish rule, the lives of native peoples changed.
History
Spanish RuleSpanish Rule
Mexico
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What effects did the arrival of Cortes have on the Aztec Empire?
History
Cause and EffectCause and Effect
Mexico
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In 1821 Mexico won independence from Spain.
Political corruption sparked the Mexican Revolution in 1910.
A constitution was declared in 1917, and fighting slowed.
History
Separating From SpainSeparating From Spain
Mexico
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History
What did the Mexican Revolution hope to What did the Mexican Revolution hope to achieve?achieve?
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Mexico
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Today
What are some ways that family members What are some ways that family members help each other?help each other?
Mexico
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Today
How does MexicoHow does Mexico’’s government resemble s government resemble that that
of the United States?of the United States?
Mexico
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• dominate - v. to control or rule overThe visitor tried to dominate the conversation.
• dynamic - adj. active, or showing progressThe gymnast’s performance was dynamic.
Today
Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary
Mexico
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Mexico has three branches of government. The Constitution of 1917 sets the framework for Mexico’s government.
Much of Mexico’s wealth is concentrated within a small upper class.
Light manufacturing, natural resources, trade, and tourism support Mexico’s economy.
Today
Key IdeasKey Ideas
Mexico
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• Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) - political party that dominated Mexico’s government for much of the 1900s
• National Action Party (PAN) - Mexican political party that took power in the 2000 presidential election
Today
Key TermsKey Terms
Mexico
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• free market - economic market in which businesses operate with few governmental restrictions
• remittance - money sent to another place
Today
Key TermsKey Terms
Mexico
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• The legislative branch creates laws
• The executive branch carries out the laws
• The judicial branch interprets the laws
The government of Mexico has three branches, and is similar to that of the United States.
Today
Mexican GovernmentMexican Government
Mexico
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In 1929, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) gained control of Mexico’s government.
Every six years, the president would name another PRI member to succeed him.
In 2000, Vincente Fox of the National Action Party (PAN) became president.
Today
Political Parties in MexicoPolitical Parties in Mexico
Mexico
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Mexico has a culture that blends, or mixes, traditions.
The culture combines Spanish and Native American traditions.
About three quarters of people practice the Roman Catholic faith.
Today
Mexican CultureMexican Culture
Mexico
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• The result was more economic growth and more jobs
• Trade with the United States has led to a growing Mexican economy
In the late 1900s, leaders adopted free market ideas.
Today
MexicoMexico’’s Economys Economy
Mexico
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Most Mexicans work in the service industry.
About one quarter of Mexicans labor in factories.
Some of Mexico’s poor travel north to the United States to find jobs.
Today
MexicoMexico’’s Workerss Workers
Mexico
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Trade has become very important to Mexico’s economy.
Mexico now has free trade agreements with more than forty other countries.
Today
Trade With Other CountriesTrade With Other Countries
Mexico
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Today
How does Mexico benefit from NAFTA?How does Mexico benefit from NAFTA?
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Mexico
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Growing trade has led to more jobs in Mexico.
However, the agricultural industry has struggled as imports from the United States are cheaper than foods grown in Mexico.
Mexico’s economy is also very dependent on the United States.
Today
Providing JobsProviding Jobs
Mexico
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Today
What are MexicoWhat are Mexico’’s major exports?s major exports?