1. According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ______________ within a work group. a. cohesiveness b. high structure c. substantial conflict d. internal locus of control (c; moderate; p. 500) 2. Research on path-goal theory could be summarized as ________________. a. very unsupportive b. somewhat supportive c. supportive d. inconclusive (c; easy; p. 500) CONTEMPORARY VIEWS ON LEADERSHIP 3. Transactional leaders are leaders who guide _________________. a. and direct groups towards their goals and tasks b. and clarify the followers’ goals and task requirements c. or clarify the group’s goals and roles d. or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements (d; difficult; p. 500) 4. Which of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders? 1. They are poor motivators. 2. They clarify task requirements. 3. They exhibit more than just charisma. 4. They focus on tasks and pay little attention to followers.
Transcript
1. According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ______________ within a work group.
a. cohesivenessb. high structurec. substantial conflictd. internal locus of control
(c; moderate; p. 500)
2. Research on path-goal theory could be summarized as ________________.
a. very unsupportiveb. somewhat supportivec. supportived. inconclusive
(c; easy; p. 500)
CONTEMPORARY VIEWS ON LEADERSHIP
3. Transactional leaders are leaders who guide _________________.
a. and direct groups towards their goals and tasksb. and clarify the followers’ goals and task requirementsc. or clarify the group’s goals and rolesd. or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements
(d; difficult; p. 500)
4. Which of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders?1. They are poor motivators.2. They clarify task requirements.3. They exhibit more than just charisma.4. They focus on tasks and pay little attention to followers.
(c; difficult; p. 500)
5. Which type of leaders attempts to instill in followers the ability to question not only established views but those views held by the leader?1. transactional2. charismatic3. trait4. transformational
(d; moderate; p. 500)
6. A leader, such as Bill Gates of Microsoft, who can inspire followers above their own self-interests and can have a profound effect on their performance, is known as a(n) _____________.
7. The evidence supporting the superiority of transformational leadership over the transactional variety is ______________.
a. inconclusiveb. moderately supportivec. moderately negatived. overwhelmingly impressive
(d; moderate; p. 500)
8. Evidence indicates that transformational leadership is strongly correlated with _______________.
a. lower turnover rates and lower levels of goal attainment and follower well-beingb. lower turnover rates and higher levels of productivity and creativityc. higher turnover rates and lower levels of productivity and employee satisfactiond. higher turnover rates and higher levels of employee satisfaction and follower well-being
(b; moderate; p. 501)
9. What did the most comprehensive analysis identify as a characteristic that differentiates charismatic leaders from noncharismatic ones?
a. They are sensitive only to follower needs.b. They are willing to take risks to achieve a vision.c. They exhibit ordinary behaviors.
d. They have a mission.(b; moderate; p. 501)
10. Researchers who train individuals to use charismatic nonverbal behaviors do notrecommend _______________.1. leaning toward the subordinate2. avoiding eye contact3. having relaxed posture4. having animated facial expressions
(b; easy; p. 501)
11. ______________ leadership is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future for an organization or organizational unit that grows out of and improves on the future.1. Visionary2. Charismatic3. Trait4. Transactional
(a; easy; p. 502)
12. Which of the following is notone of the qualities that are related to effectiveness in the roles of visionary leaders?
a. the ability to explain the vision to othersb. the ability to express the vision not just verbally but through behaviorc. the ability to extend or apply the vision to different leadership contextsd. the ability to stimulate and inspire followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes
(d; moderate; p. 502)
13. Which of the following is notan important leadership role for team leaders?
a. liaison with external constituenciesb. liaison with internal constituenciesc. troubleshooterd. conflict manager
(b; moderate; p. 503)
14. When a team leader secures needed resources, clarifies others’ expectations of the team, gathers information from the outside, and shares that information with team members, the team leader is a _______________.
a. liaison with external constituenciesb. coachc. conflict managerd. troubleshooter
(a; easy; p. 503)
15. Team leaders are acting as conflict managers when they _______________.
a. represent the team to other constituenciesb. ask penetrating questions of the teamc. help identify the resolution options availabled. offer support for team members
(c; easy; p. 503)
LEADERSHIP ISSUES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
16. All of the following are sources of leader power except______________.a. legitimateb. statusc. expertd. coercive
(b; easy; p. 504)
17. Which of the following is the type of power a person has because of his or her position in the formal organizational hierarchy?
a. legitimate powerb. coercive powerc. reward powerd. expert power
(a; moderate; p. 504)
18. ______________ is the power that rests on the leader’s ability to punish or control.
a. Reward powerb. Coercive powerc. Expert powerd. Referent power
(b; moderate; p. 504)
19. ______________ is the power to give positive benefit or rewards.a. Reward powerb. Coercive powerc. Expert powerd. Referent power
(a; moderate; p. 504)
20. Your firm’s attorney has ______________ power when giving legal advice.
a. legitimateb. statusc. expertd. coercive
(c; moderate; p. 504)
21. __________ is the power that arises because of a person’s desirable resources or personal traits.
a. Expert power
b. Referent powerc. Reward powerd. Legitimate power
(b; moderate; p. 504)
22. When a young child emulates a professional sports star’s behavior, the star has what kind of power over the child?
a. legitimateb. expertc. coercived. referent
(d; difficult; p. 504)
23. The most dominant component of credibility is ______________.a. expertiseb. statusc. authorityd. honesty
(d; moderate; p. 506)
24. The dimension of trust that is used to describe honesty and truthfulness is _______________.
a. integrityb. competencec. consistencyd. loyalty
(a; easy; p. 507) 25. The dimension of trust that is used to describe reliability, predictability, and good judgment in handling situations is termed ______________.
a. integrityb. competencec. consistencyd. loyalty
(c; moderate; p. 507)
26. How are ethics a part of leadership?a. Transactional leaders have been described as fostering moral virtue when they try to change the attitudes and behaviors of followers.b. Unethical leaders may use their charisma in more socially constructive ways to serve others.c. Ethics are used when leaders give themselves large salaries while they lay off employees.d. Trust explicitly deals with the leadership traits of honesty and integrity.
(d; moderate; p. 508; AACSB: Ethics)
27. Providing moral leadership involves addressing the _______________.a. means that a leader uses in trying to achieve goals as well as the content of those goalsb. ends of achieving goalsc. leadership style usedd. gender issues
(a; difficult; p. 508; AACSB: Ethics)
28. Why are more and more companies empowering employees?a. Management needs to make quick decisions.b. Organizational upsizing left many managers with smaller spans of control.c. Empowerment is appropriate for all circumstances.d. Managers must cope with increased work demands.
(d; moderate; p. 510)
29. One general conclusion that surfaces from leadership research is that _______________.
a. effective leaders do not use any single styleb. leaders always make good team leadersc. national culture is a situational variable in determining which leadership style will be most effectived. women are better leaders than men
(a; moderate; p. 510)
30. __________________ are expected to be humble and speak frequently.a. Arab leadersb. German leadersc. Japanese leadersd. Korean leaders
(c; moderate; p. 510; AACSB: Globalizations)
31. __________________ are characterized by high performance orientation, low compassion, low self-protection, low team orientation, high autonomy, and high participation.
a. Arab leadersb. German leadersc. Malaysian leadersd. Scandinavian and Dutch leaders
(b; moderate; p. 510; AACSB: Globalizations)
32. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the differences between gender and leadership style?
a. Males and females do not use different styles.b. Men are more democratic than women.c. Women encourage more participation.d. Men share power more than women.
(c; moderate; p. 511; AACSB: Diversity)
33. __________ to motivate others by transforming their self-interest into organizational goals.
a. Women tend to use transformational leadershipb. Women tend to use transactional leadershipc. Men tend to use transactional leadershipd. Men tend to use transformational leadership
(a; moderate; p. 511; AACSB: Diversity)
34. Men tend to use _____________ leadership, handing out rewards for good work and punishment for bad.
a. transactionalb. transformationalc. situationald. initiating
(a; moderate; p. 511; AACSB: Diversity)
31. Organizational design is based on decisions about ____________.a. work specialization and departmentalizationb. chain of command and span of controlc. centralization and decentralizationd. all of the above
(d; moderate; p. 234)
32. Which statement accurately defines work specialization?a. the degree to which tasks are divided into separate jobsb. individual employees specialize in doing part of an activity rather than the entire activityc. jobs are ranked relative only to their worth or value to the businessesd. a and b
(d; difficult; p. 235)
33. On what basis are jobs grouped in order to accomplish organizational goals?
a. departmentalizationb. centralizationc. formalizationd. coordination
(a; moderate; p. 235)
34. Sales responsibilities divided into the Southwest, Midwest, southern, northern, and western regions would be an example of what type of departmentalization?
a. productb. geographic c. processd. outcome
(b; easy; p. 236) 35. Grouping activities on the basis of customer flow is _____________.
a. functional departmentalizationb. product departmentalization
c. geographical departmentalizationd. process departmentalization
(d; moderate; p. 236)
36. What kind of departmentalization would be in place in a government organization where different public service responsibilities are divided into activities for employers, children, and the disabled?
a. productb. geographicc. outcomed. customer
(d; moderate; p. 236)
37. Today’s competitive business environment has greatly increased the importance of what type of departmentalization?
a. geographicb. customer c. productd. process
(b; difficult; p. 237)
38. Functional departmentalization groups jobs by ______________.a. tasks they performb. territories they servec. products or services they manufacture or produced. type of customer they serve
(a; moderate; p. 236)
39. Assigning designers, production workers, and salespeople to a common work group to develop a new product is known as a ________________ team.
a. differentiatedb. productc. cross-functionald. weak
(c; moderate; p. 237)
40. In describing the degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs, managers use the term ___________.
a. work specializationb. departmentalizationc. chain of commandd. span of control
(a; moderate; p. 235)
41. Departmentalization based on _______________ groups’ jobs based on the territory or physical location.
a. functionalb. productc. geographicd. matrix
(c; easy; p. 236)
42. ______________ departmentalization is based on the product or customer flow through the organization.
a. Productb. Functionalc. Processd. Organizational structure
(c; moderate; p. 237)
43. ______________ departmentalization is used more in recent years to better monitor the needs of customers and to respond to changes in those needs.
a. Needs-basedb. Functionalc. Processd. Customer
(d; moderate; p. 237)
44. The continuous line of authority that extends from the upper levels of management to the lowest levels of the organization is ____________.
a. authorized line of responsibilityb. unity of commandc. responsibility factor
d. chain of command (d; moderate; p. 237)
45. ______________ refers to the rights inherent to a position that allows a manager to tell subordinates what to do and expect them to do it.
a. Responsibilityb. Unity of commandc. Chain of commandd. Authority
(d; moderate; p. 237)
46. ________________ is the obligation or expectation to perform a duty.a. Responsibilityb. Unity of commandc. Chain of commandd. Span of control
(a; moderate; p. 237)
47. The theory that a person should report to only one manager is called ____________.
a. authorized line of responsibilityb. unity of commandc. responsibility factord. chain of command
(b; moderate; p. 237)
48. Which one of Fayol’s 14 principles of management helps preserve the concept of a continuous line of authority?
a. unity of demandb. unity of command c. demand structured. continuous demand
(b; moderate; p. 237)
49. The concept that defines the number of subordinates that report to a manager and that indirectly specifies the number of levels of management in an organization is called _____________.
a. authorized line of responsibilityb. unity of commandc. responsibility factord. span of control
(d; difficult; p. 238)
50. In organizations, the trend in recent years has been toward _____________.
a. narrower span of controlb. increased chain of commandc. the organization’s structure being based on its financial positiond. wider span of control
(d; moderate; p. 238)
51. All other things being equal, as the span of control grows wider or larger, organizational design becomes more _____________.
a. bureaucraticb. democraticc. effectived. efficient
(d; difficult; p. 238)
52. ______________ is the number of subordinates that a manager manages and ultimately determines the number of levels of managers in an organization.
a. Responsibilityb. Unity of commandc. Chain of commandd. Span of control
(d; moderate; p. 238)
53. Trends in the past few years have centered on a ____________ span of control to reduce costs and speed decision making.
a. narrowerb. widerc. deeperd. stable
(b; moderate; p. 238) 54. The degree to which decision making is confined at a single point in an organization is described as ____________.
a. unity of commandb. chain of commandc. span of managementd. centralization
(d; moderate; p. 239) 55. In recent years, there has been a movement to make organizations more flexible and responsive through _____________.
a. centralizationb. decentralizationc. alternative organizational structured. customer-based structure
(b; moderate; p. 239)
56. The degree to which jobs are standardized and guided by rules and procedures is called ______________.
a. work specializationb. centralizationc. decentralizationd. formalization
(d; difficult; p. 240)
57. In an effort to make organizations more flexible and responsive to competitive pressures, firms have adopted more ____________ decision making.
a. centralizedb. decentralizedc. vertically integratedd. stable
(b; moderate; p. 239)
ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN DECISIONS
58. A(n) ____________ organization is rigidly controlled and efficient.a. organicb. horizontalc. learningd. mechanistic
(d; moderate; p. 241)
59. A(n) ____________ organization is able to change rapidly as needs require.
a. organicb. horizontalc. verticald. mechanistic
(a; moderate; p. 241)
60. When managers standardize employee behavior through rules and procedures, the jobs are becoming more _____________.
a. diversifiedb. formalized
c. verticald. horizontal
(b; difficult; p. 240)
61. In describing the relationship between structure and strategy, it can be said that _____________ .
a. structure follows strategyb. strategy follows structurec. strategy and structure are always handled equallyd. strategy follows structure in smaller organizations
(a; moderate; p. 242)
62. In linking strategy and structure, most strategic frameworks tend to focus on ______________.
a. the pursuit of meaningful and unique innovationb. the pursuit of tightly controlled costsc. minimizing risk and maximizing profit opportunities by copying market leadersd. all of the above
(d; difficult; p. 242)
63. As a type of technology, _____________, centers on large-batch production and requires moderate levels of complexity and sophistication.
a. unit productionb. mass productionc. process productiond. service production
(b; moderate; p. 242)
64. Organizations that work like efficient, well-oiled machines are described as ______________.
a. organicb. mechanisticc. rationald. intuitive
(b; moderate; p. 241)
65. Organizations that are highly flexible and adaptive are described as ______________.
a. organicb. mechanisticc. rationald. intuitive
(a; moderate; p. 241)
66. Structure is related to the size of the organization, such that larger organizations tend to have more ____________.
a. specializationb. departmentalizationc. centralizationd. all of the above
(d; moderate; p. 242)
67. Structure is related to the size of the organization, such that larger organizations are more _____________.
a. mechanisticb. organicc. structurally weakd. decentralized
(a; moderate; p. 242)
68. In Joan Woodward’s study of the relationship between technology and structure, the structure that was the most technically complex was ______________.
a. unit productionb. mass productionc. process productiond. technological production
(c; moderate; p. 242)
69. According to Woodward’s studies, what type of production works best with a mechanistic structure?
a. unitb. processc. productd. mass
(d; moderate; p. 243)
70. In studies of the structure of an organization to uncertainty in the environment, organizations that face higher uncertainty are more ____________.
a. organicb. mechanisticc. technologically pured. supportive of technological change
(a; moderate; p. 243)
71. Global competition, accelerated product development by competitors, and increased demands by customers for better service have encouraged organizations to become more _____________.
a. organicb. mechanisticc. technologically pured. task oriented
(a; moderate; p. 243)
72. Which of the following would likely be found in mechanistic organizations?
a. wide span of controlb. empowered employeesc. decentralized responsibilityd. standardized job specialties
(d; difficult; p. 241)
73. In the early years of Apple Computers, its desire for highly proficient and creative employees who operated with few work rules best exemplified what type of organization?
a. bureaucraticb. mechanisticc. volatiled. organic
(d; difficult; p. 241)
74. Which type of environment is best suited for mechanistic organizations?a. dynamicb. manufacturingc. serviced. stable
(d; moderate; p. 243)
75. The appropriate structure for an organization is based on four contingency variables: strategy, size, degree of environmental uncertainty, and _________________.
a. technologyb. historyc. leadershipd. intensity of competition
(a; easy; p. 241)
76. Joan Woodward study of the relationship between technology and structure is based upon her study of small manufacturing firms in _________________.
a. the northeastern United Statesb. the south of Walesc. Franced. southern England
(d; difficult; p. 242)
58. External environment refers to _________________.a. institutions outside the organization that affect the organization’s performanceb. forces and institutions outside the organization that potentially can affect the organization’s performance
c. forces and institutions inside the organization that affect the organization’s performance
d. forces inside the organization that affect the organization’s performance
(b; hard; p. 64) 59. According to the textbook, the _______________ environment includes those constituencies that have a direct and immediate impact on managers’ decisions and actions and are directly relevant to the achievement of the organization’s goals.
a. generalb. specificc. secondaryd. forward
(b; moderate; p. 64)
60. An organization’s specific environment ________________.a. is unique and changes with conditionsb. is the same regardless of the organization’s agec. is determined by the top level of management
d. is quantified to determine its existence (a; moderate; p. 64)
61. The specific environment of organizations consists of constituencies that have a direct impact on managers’ decisions and actions. The main constituencies are made up of customers, suppliers, competitors, and __________.
a. legislatorsb. pressure groupsc. employees
d. lawyers (b; moderate; p. 64)
62. Which of the following isnot an example of a constituency that makes up the specific environment?
a. customersb. sociocultural factorsc. suppliersd. competitors
(b; moderate; p. 64)
63. When you think of an organization’s suppliers, you ________________.
a. know that they are the main customers of the organizationb. typically think of governments that pass the laws the organization must followc. know that they are located close to the buying organization
d. typically think in terms of organizations that provide materials and equipment
(d; moderate; p. 65)
64. Managers seek to ensure a steady __________________.a. cash flow from stockholders into the organizationb. flow of needed inputs at the lowest price availablec. flow of customers at the company’s outlet store
d. flow of suppliers to keep the competition among suppliers at a peak
(b; moderate; p. 65)
65. The Internet is having an impact on who an organization’s competitors are because it has _____________.
a. defined the common markets for the organizationsb. made the products they sell invaluable to the customerc. virtually eliminated the need for shopping malls
d. virtually eliminated the geographic boundaries (d; hard; p. 66)
66. For a company such as Walt Disney World in Florida, a bank would be an example of what kind of factor in their specific environment?
a. competitorb. supplierc. special-interest groupd. government agency
(b; moderate; p. 66) 67. Which of the following isnot an example of a specific environmental factor?
a. suppliersb. political conditionsc. governmental agenciesd. B and C are correct.
(d; moderate; p. 65)
68. For an organization such as a hospital that needs nurses, the labor union and the local labor market are examples of what kinds of factors in their specific environment?
a. special-interest group and supplierb. customer and special-interest groupc. both are examples of suppliersd. government agency and competitor
(c; difficult; p. 65)
69. Typically, the specific organizational environment includes which of the following?
a. economic factorsb. political conditionsc. technological factorsd. competitors
(d; moderate; p. 64)
70. United Parcel Service represents what factor to the U.S. Postal Service in its specific environment?
a. competitorb. supplierc. customerd. government agency
(a; moderate; p. 65)
71. The general economic condition consist of all of the following except_______________.
a. legislation recently passed by Congressb. interest ratesc. change in disposable income
d. stock market fluctuations (a; moderate; p. 66)
72. Sociocultural conditions consist of _______________.
a. demographic profiles of the organization’s suppliers
b. legal issues as determined by court decisionsc. the level of unemployment and real economic incomes of workers
d. changing expectations of the society in which they operate (d; hard; p. 67)
73. To a national network such as NBC, your home VCR is considered a _____________.
a. customerb. supplierc. special-interest groupd. competitor
(d; moderate; p. 66)
74. According to the textbook, _____________ is having an impact on determining an organization’s competitors because it has virtually eliminated the geographic boundaries.
a. local area networkb. the intranet
c. the Internetd. video conferencing
(c; easy; p. 66)
75. Ralph Nader’s Center for Responsive Law is an example of what factor in the specific external environment?
a. competitorb. pressure groupc. customerd. government agency
(b; moderate; p. 66) 76. Typically, the general organizational environment includes which of the following?
a. political conditionsb. issues directly relevant to achieving organizational goalsc. stakeholdersd. suppliers
(a; moderate; p. 66)77. Compared to the specific environment, which of the following is an accurate statement about the general environment of an organization?
a. It has less impact on the organization’s operations.b. It has more impact on the organization’s operations.c. It has about the same impact on an organization’s operations.d. It is the concern of upper management.
(a; difficult; p. 66)
78. Which of the following isnot an example of an organization’s general environment?
a. economic conditionsb. political conditionsc. social conditionsd. industry conditions
(d; moderate; p. 66) 79. Interest rates, inflation rates, and stock market indexes are all examples of what factor in an organization’s general environment?
a. economicb. politicalc. sociald. technological
(a; moderate; p. 66) 80. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is an example of a __________.
a. sociolegal conditionb. political/legal conditionc. political/sociological condition
d. sociocultural condition (b; moderate; p. 66)
81. A downturn in the contributions from the public to the United Way charity is an example of the impact from what factor in its general environment?
a. politicalb. socialc. technologicald. economic
(d; moderate; p. 66)
82. According to the textbook, which of the following groups includes individuals who were born between the years 1946–1964?
a. the Depression groupb. the World War II groupc. the baby boomersd. Generation X
(c; difficult; p. 58)
83. According to the textbook, the members of which one of the following groups are thinking, learning, creating, shopping, and playing in
fundamentally different ways that are likely to greatly impact organizations and managers?
a. the Depression groupb. the World War II groupc. the baby boomersd. Generation Y
(d; difficult; p. 68)
84. Generation Y is predicted to be __________ their baby boomer parents’ generation.
a. as large as, if not larger thanb. large, but not as large asc. not anywhere nearly as large as
d. much, much smaller than (a; moderate; p. 68)
85. Which factor has been the most rapidly changing component in an organization’s general environment in the past quarter-century?
a. globalb. economicc. sociald. technological
(d; moderate; p. 68)
86. The enhanced speed and quality of managerial decision making due to an integrated office system is an example of the impact of which general environmental factor?
a. globalb. socialc. politicald. technological
(d; moderate; p. 68) 87. Which of the following are the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty?
a. degree of change and degree of complexityb. degree of change and degree of volumec. degree of complexity and degree of impactd. degree of impact and degree of timing
(a; moderate; p. 60)
88. We call it a __________ environment if the components in an organization’s environment change frequently.
a. movingb. diversec. dynamic
d. difficult (c; hard; p. 69)
89. Managers try to minimize __________ because it is a threat to an organization’s effectiveness.
a. product developmentb. uncertaintyc. price charges
d. the number of suppliers (b; moderate; p. 69)
90. __________ are any constituencies in the organization’s external environment that are affected by the organization’s decisions and actions.
a. Stockholdersb. Pressure groupsc. Suppliers
d. Stakeholders (d; moderate; p. 71)
91. According to the textbook, _______________ refers to the number of components in an organization’s environment and the extent of the knowledge that the organization has about those components.
a. degree of stabilityb. opennessc. degree of complexityd. change
(c; moderate; p. 70)
92. The first step of managing external stakeholder relationships is to identify who the stakeholders are. The second step is to _________________.
a. determine what specific approach they should use to manage the stakeholder relationshipb. determine what the courts might do when stakeholder files a claim against the organizationc. determine what particular interests or concerns these stakeholders might have
d. determine how many stakeholders there are in each stakeholder group
