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Purpose
•Understand Emerging Technologies and
Devices, Wireless Sensor Networks and the
Internet of Things, as well as their applications
for International Development
Agenda•Emerging Technology and Devices
•Wireless Sensor Networks
• Internet of Things
•Development Applications
Emerging Technology and Devices
• Impact on International Development
• New devices
• Challenges and Obstacles
Important Products in 1990 (20 CMU students)
- Fax (13) Obsolete? - Cellular Phones (4) Mainstream
- CD Technology (9) Obsolete? - Digital Scanners (4) Mainstream
- VCR (6) Obsolete
- Camcorder (6) Obsolete
- Walkman (4) Obsolete
- Post-it Notes (4) Mainstream
Source: Bourne, David. Product Design Lecture 3. 2017.
Important Products in 2011 ( 47 CMU Students)
- Smart Phones (39) - Netflix (9)
- Social Networks (31) - Flash Storage (7)
- Hybrid Car (16) - Digital Photography (6)
- Google (13)
- Youtube (11)
- Kindle (10)
Source: Bourne, David. Product Design Lecture 3. 2
Project LoonWhat is Project Loon?
- Connection - High speed internet is transmitted up to the nearest balloon from our
telecommunications partner on the ground, relayed across the balloon network, and then back down to users on the ground.
- Equipment - The essential components of a cell tower and redesigned them to be light enough and
durable enough to be carried by a balloon to the stratosphere. - Highly energy-efficient and is powered entirely by renewable energy - with solar panels
powering daytime operations and charging a battery for use during the night.
Project Loon
- Flight - Autolaunchers are capable of launching a balloon every 30 minutes. The
record breaking balloon has lasted in the stratosphere for 190 days.
- Recovery - Every balloon is track is tracked using GPS, coordinating directly with air traffic
control to assure a safe descent. Equipment is collected for reuse and recycle.
Results in Puerto Rico
• FCC granted an experimental license to fly in Puerto Rico after
Hurricane Maria
• Partnered with AT&T and T-Mobile after to provide internet access to
people in Puerto Rico with LTE enabled phones
• Project Loon claims to have provided “basic internet service to tens
of thousands of people in Puerto Rico”
Wireless Sensor Networks
•Nodes/Motes
•Architecture
•Connectivity
•Activity
•Advantages
•Limitations
WSN Activity1. Each person is a node
2. Eyes are your sensors - No talking!
3. Your range is limited to one node in any direction
4. Stay in your seats
Questions?
WSN Activity1. What was the architecture of this network?
2. What types information was communicated?
3. What were some advantages of this network?
4. What were some limitations of this network?
WSN Advantages & Limitations
Advantages:
• Low Cost
• Energy Efficient
• Self-directed
• Self-organizing
• Scalable
Disadvantages:
• Range
• Throughput
• Latency
• Lifespan
WSN Development Applications
Monitoring• Environmental• Agriculture• Health• Disaster• Infrastructure
Control (requires actuators)
“A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies”
(Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060)
IoT: Definition
The internet of things is a system of connections that allows for communication
and action.~Michael~
IoT: Definition
How many IoT connected devices will there be by 2020?
A) 2.1 Billion
B) 25 Billion
C) 40.9 Billion
D) 50 Billion
IoT: Multiple Choice
How many IoT connected devices will there be by 2020?
A) 2.1 Billion (Analysys Mason)
B) 26 Billion (Gartner)
C) 40.9 Billion (ABI Research)
D) 50 Billion (Ericsson/Hamilton Project)
IoT: Multiple Choice
People to People (P2P)
Machines to People (M2P)
Machine to Machine (M2M)
P2P
M2MM2P
IoT
IoT: Communication Types
IoT: Challenges
What challenges exist for IoT implementation?
What other technologies have we talked about that may be able to be used alongside IoT?
IoT: Policy Concerns
1. What privacy concerns exist? Are they worth the trade off?
2. What shouldn’t we connect? Why?
IoT: ICT4D Agriculture
Who: Kilimo Salama (Safe Agriculture)
What: Agricultural Insurance
How: Using smart weather stations & M-Pesa
IoT: ICT4D Health
Who: Rhythm Diagnostic Systems
What: “Smart Bandaid”
How: Using sensors and bluetooth to monitor baseline health
IoT: ICT4D Infrastructure
Who: Lumkani (“Be Safe”)
What: Early fire detection system
How: Using networked heat sensors, bluetooth, and sms messaging
“These devices constantly check the health of the system and in the event of fire, store GPS coordinates and simultaneously send text-message warnings to members of the affected community. Our next phase is to send, in real-time, the coordinates of fires to the municipality’s emergency response personnel”
IoT: ICT4D Challenges
What challenges exist for IoT solutions in developing countries?
How are these challenges similar or different to the challenges presented by IoT in developed countries?
REFERENCES• Zennaro, Marco. Wireless Sensor Networks for Development: Potentials and Open Issues. Diss. KTH, 2010.
• "Wireless Sensor Networks: Tutorial by Pedro Silva Girao." IEEE.tv. Accessed November 13, 2017.
https://ieeetv.ieee.org/educational_activities/wireless-sensor-networks-tutorial-by-pedro-silva-girao.
• Garrity, John. "Harnessing the Internet of Things for Global Development." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2588129.
https://www.itu.int/en/action/broadband/Documents/Harnessing-IoT-Global-Development.pdf
• Vota, Wayan. "Are You Ready for the Sensor Revolution in International Development?" YouTube. January 20, 2016. Accessed November 13,
2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsRY5hOBoPI
• “What Is a Wireless Sensor Network?” What Is a Wireless Sensor Network? - National Instruments, www.ni.com/white-paper/7142/en/
• Deawoo Kim, Ph.D Student at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Follow. “Wireless sensor network.” LinkedIn
SlideShare, 19 Jan. 2015, www.slideshare.net/deawooKim/wireless-sensor-network-43647981.
• Dargie, Waltenegus, and Marco Zimmerling. "Wireless sensor networks in the context of developing countrie4): 1-6.s." IFIP World IT Forum
(WITFOR). 2007.
• Katikala, Soujanya. "Google™ Project Loon." InSight: Rivier Academic Journal 10.2 (2014)
• Tree, Star. "Wireless sensor networks." Self 1.R2 (2014): C0.
• “Balloon-Powered Internet for Everyone.” Project Loon, x.company/loon/. (2107)
• Yinbiao, Shu, et al. "Internet of things: wireless sensor networks." White Paper, International Electrotechnical Commission, http://www. iec. ch
(2014).
• Simonite, Tom. “Google's Loon Balloons Are Ready to Deliver Cheap Internet.” MIT Technology Review, MIT Technology Review, 8 July 2015, www.technologyreview.com/s/534986/project-loon/.
• “Meet futurist and IoT blogger Bill Chamberlin.” IBM Center for Applied Insights, 20 Jan. 2016, ibmcai.com/2015/12/16/meet-futurist-and-iot-blogger-bill-chamberlin/.
• “Google Cloud IoT - Fully managed IoT services from Google | Google Cloud Platform.” Google, Google, cloud.google.com/solutions/iot/.• “LUMKANI.” LUMKANI, lumkani.com/. (2017)• “Breakthrough MultiSense™ Technology!” Rhythm Diagnostic Systems, Inc., rhythmdiagnosticsystems.com/.• “About Kilimo Salama.” Kilimo Salama, 4 Mar. 2010, kilimosalama.wordpress.com/about/.• Bourne, David. Strategic Technology for Revitalizing Business Course, Product Design Lecture 3.. Carnegie Mellon University. 2017.