Truth in Texas Textbooks Review Publisher/Publication/Year: Worldview/World History A/2015/Notable People & Chronology Editor: Dr. Amy Jo Baker; Editor/Consultant: Dr. Sandra Alfonsi Problem: Bias (B), Omission of Fact (OF), Half-Truth (HT), Factual Error (FE) The publisher did not provide a response to this report. The publisher’s responses included below in orange are to the critiques provided by individuals during the public comment hearing in September. Page #/Line # Quote Problem Fact & Source 1. Chapter 8 Russia Before the Romanovs Notable People Buddha Line 21 Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) (563- 483 B.C.E.) B Three times as many lines referring to Buddha as Jesus. Publisher’s response: The commentator correctly points out that our biography of Jesus is inadequate. A more robust biography has been written for insertion into the product. A review of the biography for Confucius and Buddha revealed that a discussion of Confucianism and Buddhism had become part of the biographies; this information was 1
Transcript
Truth in Texas Textbooks ReviewPublisher/Publication/Year: Worldview/World History A/2015/Notable People & Chronology
Editor: Dr. Amy Jo Baker; Editor/Consultant: Dr. Sandra Alfonsi
The publisher did not provide a response to this report. The publisher’s responses included below in orange are to the critiques provided by individuals during the public comment hearing in September.
Page #/Line # Quote Problem Fact & Source1. Chapter 8
Russia Before the RomanovsNotable PeopleBuddha Line 21
Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) (563-483 B.C.E.) B Three times as many lines referring to Buddha as Jesus.Publisher’s response: The commentator correctly points out that our biography of Jesus is inadequate. A more robust biography has been written for insertion into the product. A review of the biography for Confucius and Buddha revealed that a discussion of Confucianism and Buddhism had become part of the biographies; this information was moved to the glossary.
2. Chapter 9Notable People Charles Martel
The Muslim retreat south of the Pyrenees “ended the Muslim threat to Western Europe.”
HT Muslims are still a threat today to Western Europe. While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within, Bruce Bawer, Doubleday, February 2006
3. Chapter 4Notable PeopleChristopher Columbus
Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506)He was the navigator who located the "New World" for Spain in 1492 while attempting to find an all-water route to the Far East.
OF One sentence is hardly sufficient for American students.Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer, born in the Republic of the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Genoa, under Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led to general European awareness of the American continents. He has been credited for opening up the Americas to European colonization. http://www.biography.com/people/christopher-columbus-
Christopher Columbus’ faith was an integral part of his voyage to America. Christopher Columbus had a mystic belief that God intended him to sail the Atlantic Ocean in order to spread Christianity. He said his prayers several times daily. Columbus wrote what he called a Book of Prophecies, which is a compilation of passages Columbus selected from the Bible which he believed were pertinent to his mission of discovery. What a person believes is what determines his interpretation of life and history and inspires his vision and purpose in life. Columbus's own writings prove that he believed that God revealed His plan for the world in the Bible, the infallible Word of God. Columbus believed that he was obeying the mission God staked out for his life when he set sail west across the Atlantic Ocean. Columbus's voyage to America ranks among history's most important events. It led to lasting contacts between Europe and America, and it opened new windows. To few men in modern history does the world as we know it owe so great a debt as to Christopher Columbus. Phyllis Schlafly Radio Script, October 14, 2002, [email protected]
4. Chapter 12Notable PeopleCurie, Marie (1867-1934)
Marie Curie was a chemist and physicist from Poland who met and married Pierre, a French scientist, in Paris. They worked together researching radium and radioactivity and discovered two new elements: radium and polonium. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. Marie continued to do research after Pierre's death. She received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. She became the director of
OF Marie Curie was a woman of firsts. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win two of them, and the first of only two people to win a Nobel prize in two different fields (chemistry and physics, in her case). She coined the term "radioactivity," discovered two elements, and became the first female professor at the University of Paris. “Marie Curie: How She Changed the World” By Chris Gaylord. The Christian Science Monitor, November 7,
the Curie Institute of Radium to continue research in radium therapy and radioactivity.
2011
5. Chapter 9 Notable PeopleDarwin, Charles
Darwin, Charles (1809-1882)Darwin's theories of evolution were challenged by religious groups who found them in conflict with Biblical interpretations on the origin of life.
OF Several reports of his recantation of evolution from his death bed exist.
Darwin’s Doubt – Stephen C. Meyer C2013www.creation.mobiwww.creation.com/did-charles-darwin-recantwww.christiananswers.net/q=aig/Darwin.htmlhttps://answersingenesis.org/
6. Chapter 9Notable PeopleDavid (reigned c. 1010 – c.970 BCE)
David (reigned c. 1010 - c. 970 B.C.E.)
CreditAccording to the Bible, David killed Goliath and led the Hebrews to defeat the Philistines. He united the feuding Hebrew tribes to form the kingdom of Israel and moved the capital to Jerusalem.
OF King David is one of the most important figures in Jewish history. Born in 907 BC, he reigns as king of Israel for 40 years, dying at age 70 in 837 BC.
There is so much that can be said about him. Some people like to focus on the warrior aspect- the chivalrous warrior fighting for God-but when his persona and accomplishments are considered as a whole, it is his spiritual greatness that shines most of all. David’s first and foremost drive is to have a relationship with God. We get the glimpse of the beauty of his soul when we read the Psalms, most of which he wrote. Who doesn’t know the 23rd Psalm. www.simpletoremember.com
Descartes, Rene (1596-1650Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. He was the founder of analytical geometry and expanded algebra. Descartes rejected the teachings of ancient authorities. He claimed that all learning must begin with doubt; but one thing cannot be doubted -- and that is doubt itself. This is expressed in his famous line: cognito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am). Descartes tried to reconcile science based on doubt with religion based on faith by developing the concept of dualism: the separation of the physical world from the world of the mind. Descartes' writings have strongly influenced later philosophers and contributed to the development of philosophy as a social science.
OF Modern philosophy is said to begin with René Descartes (1596-1650; Copleston, 1994, 4:1). Many think that “René Descartes is perhaps the single most important thinker of the European Enlightenment” (Hooker, 2009; cf. Copleston, 4:174ff.). Descartes is thought to be “the father of the subjective and idealistic (as was Bacon of the objective and realistic) tradition in modern philosophy,” who “began the great game of epistemology, which in [sic] Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume and Kant waxed into a Three Hundred Years’ War that at once stimulated and devastated modern philosophy” (Durant, 1926, pp. 116,117, parenthetical item in orig.; cf. p. 268).
whose influence in anatomy and medicine lasted for centuries. Born in the Greek city of Pergamum (in what is now Turkey), Galen first studied medicine at the sanctuary of the healing god Asclepius. He continued his studies in the cities of Smyrna, Corinth, and Alexandria before returning to Pergamum to become the physician to the gladiators there. In 168, Galen left Pergamum for Rome, where he became the physician to the emperor Marcus Aurelius. Galen not only summarized previous Greek developments in medicine, he did research that combined experimentation with theoretical analysis. His model was the standard for medicine for the Romans, the Muslims, and Western Europe from 1100 until the 16th century. Some of Galen's works in anatomy, physiology, and therapeutics survive in the original Greek; however, most are available only in the Arabic, Hebrew and medieval Latin translations.
both Islam and Christianity. The two religions adopted his ideas and promoted Galen’s work as the truth.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)Galileo was an Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist. He established the basis for modern experimental science and developed basic laws of motion that contradicted the accepted teachings of Aristotle. Galileo built a telescope with which he confirmed the heliocentric theory of Copernicus by observations of the sun, moon, planets, and moons of Jupiter. Galileo was brought before the Inquisition and forced to recant his acceptance of the Copernican system because the Church had declared it to be heretical.
OF Galileo’s faith sustained him throughout his life although it caused him trouble with the Catholics.Galileo opposed well established views of his time and contradicted Catholic dogma. This has led some atheists to wrongly assume that Galileo was anti-religion. Again the truth is the very opposite. Galileo was a Bible, Christ and God loving scientist who remained firm in his Christian beliefs until the end.
Galileo saw both the truths of Scriptures and the truths of nature as having been derived from the same source: God; therefore, one could not contradict the other. “Holy Scripture and nature, are both emanations from the divine word: the former dictated by the Holy Spirit, the latter the observant executrix of God’s commands.” Therefore “…no truth discovered in Nature could contradict the deep truth of the Holy writ.” Futhermore, Galileo held that the primary aim of Scriptures was not to reveal scientific truths but “…to worship God and save souls”
Catolica Isabel la Catolica (1451-1504)She was the Spanish queen who supported Columbus's voyage to the New World. Her financial and intellectual support was instrumental in organizing the voyage.
OF Queen Isabel the Catholic changed the face of the world. She was instrumental in the defence of Christianity in Europe; she sponsored the discovery of America; began the largest evangelisation campaign since the Apostles; won the longest war in history; promoted women and prohibited slavery; was a devoted wife and mother of five; and she codified universal human rights.
Isabel loved Christ. She made herself God’s humble instrument and God worked mightily through her. We believe that Isabel, as a great laywoman, is a vital model for today, not only for girls, wives, mothers, women leaders and government rulers, but for all men and women seeking to love God and love their neighbour in every aspect of their daily lives.
11. Chapter 1Notable PeopleJesus Christ
Jesus Christ (c. 4 B.C.E. - c. 30 C.E.)
Jewish teacher and prophet in Palestine who was accepted by some followers as the Messiah, the son of God. According to the New Testament accounts, Jesus was tried and crucified in Jerusalem.
Christianity, a new religion centered on a belief in the divinity of Jesus, developed as disciples spread his teachings beyond Palestine to Anatolia, Greece, and Rome. Jesus is accepted by Muslims as a prophet, but not as a divine being.
B/OF/FE Very short description compared to Buddah Bias for the reason of providing 9 lines of copy as
compared to 27 for Buddha and 30 for Confucius. Even Marin Luther was given twice as many lines as Jesus and even more than that to Wang Schichen.
“accepted by some followers” does not represent facts. Entire nations followed (not conquered by) Jesus and his
teachings of Good. “Christianity, a new religion” is 2000 plus years old and
is older than the Muslim religion by 600 years. Jesus was the “Son of God” in Israel the land given to
God’s people Bible Jesus Christ is the reason for the change in Chronology
from B.C. (Before Christ) to A.D. (After the Death of Christ).
Publisher’s response: The commentator correctly points out that our biography of Jesus is inadequate. A more robust biography has been written for insertion into the product. A review of the biography for Confucius and
Buddha revealed that a discussion of Confucianism and Buddhism had become part of the biographies; this information was moved to the glossary.
Expanded biography of Jesus; see next row for expanded description of Christianity and the new glossary term for Protestantism.
Jesus (c. 6-4 B.C.E. - c. 30 C.E.)
Jesus was a Jewish teacher in Palestine who was accepted by some followers as the Jewish Messiah. The term “Christ” which is usually added to his name is derived from the Hebrew term “meshiah” (Messiah, meaning “the anointed one”) -- “christos” is its translation in Greek. This title was given to Jesus by his followers indicating that they thought him to be the Jewish Messiah, a descendent of King David, whom Jews expected would restore Israel to its former glory. Jesus’ life is described in a religious text, the New Testament. At that time, Palestine was ruled by the Romans. However, the Roman authorities relied on local leaders to do much of the day-to-day governing and control. Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem in Judah (the southern region of Palestine), but was raised in the village of Nazareth in Galilee (the northern region of Palestine). The New Testament asserts that he was the son of God, giving him a divine origin. As a young man, Jesus began living the life of an itinerant teacher (rabbi) and healer. He eventually attracted large crowds of followers which worried the Jewish religious leaders because some of his teachings were radically different than traditional Jewish ones. They came to believe that he was a threat. Jesus went to Jerusalem in Judah at the time of the Jewish Passover in 30 C.E. He created a scene in the Jewish temple and mentioned to his followers that it would be destroyed, which alarmed the authorities even further. He was arrested by the local authorities on a charge of blasphemy, then tried, convicted, and sentenced to death. Jesus offered no defense to the accusations brought forth
6
against him. However, only the Romans could carry out a death sentence, so Jesus was then turned over to the Roman prefect (magistrate) with a charge that he claimed to be the king of the Jews, which would have threatened Roman rule. The prefect confirmed the death sentence and ordered his crucifixion, which was at that time a common form of capital punishment in the Middle East for political or religious agitators. Roman soldiers carried out the sentence. The New Testament asserts that Jesus came back to life on the third day after his burial and rose to Heaven a few days later. Christianity, a new religion centered on a belief in the divinity of Jesus, developed as his disciples spread his teachings beyond Palestine to Anatolia, Greece, and Rome. Jesus is accepted by Muslims as a prophet, but not as a divine being.
12. Chapter 1Notable PeopleJesus Christ
Jesus is accepted by Muslims as a prophet, but not as a divine being.
FE Muslims believe that the Judeo-Christian prophets were superseded by Muhammad, the last prophet, meaning they acknowledged their existence but not that they accepted them.
Q3:54, "And they (disbelievers) plotted [to kill 'Iesa (Jesus) ], and Allah planned too. And Allah is the Best of the planners."
Pickthall The Messiah will never scorn to be a slave unto Allah, http://quran.com/4/172
Sunan Abu Dawud.37:4310 . "When Jesus returns, he does not merely come to convert most Christians to Islam but to literally abolish Christianity entirely. Jesus is said to:
1. Break crosses.2. Kill all swine.3. Abolish the jizyah (a Muslim tax on non-Muslims)4. Kill the Muslim antichrist and his followers [Jews].
Joshua (c. 1200 B.C.E.)Biblical leader who succeeded Moses as the leader of Hebrews before they entered the Promised Land of Canaan. Joshua led the Hebrews in battle to establish the right of the Hebrews to settle in Canaan.
OF Joshua is considered one of the Bibles’ greatest military leaders for leading the seven-year conquest of the Promised Land after Moses’ death and is often held up as a model for leadership and a source of practical application on how to be an effective leader today.www.gotquestions.org/life-Joshua.htmlJoshua also holds a position of respect to Muslims. All Muslims also see Joshua as the leader of Israelites, following the death of Moses. Some Muslims also believe Joshua to be the “attendant of Mosses mentioned in the Quran and some believe that he is a prophet.Wikipekia
14. Chapter 9 Notable PeopleKarl Marx
Marx, Karl (1818-1883)Marx was a German economist and historian who developed an economic interpretation of history. He wrote that all of human history has been a struggle between the exploiters and those who are exploited.
OF The Left is trying to rehabilitate Karl Marx. Let’s remind them of the millions who died in his name. Dr. Tim Stanley, www.timothystanley.co.uk
Publisher’s response: The reference to the Rise and Fall of Rome is unclear, but suggests that the commentator only looked at World History A. The topics mentioned are clearly important and are covered in World History B in the chapters "U.S.S.R.: Civil War, Leninism and Stalinism" and "China under Communism" and the theme "Communism." Karl Marx is also revisited in World History B in, among other things, a biography and in the document "The Communist Manifesto."World History A only covers through the mid‐1880s. As the material is covered in the second half of the program, no changes are envisioned.
15. Chapter 12Notable PeopleLeonardo da Vinci Da Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519)
Da Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519)As a painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, inventor, and scientist, Da Vinci was one of the most brilliant and versatile men of the Italian Renaissance. He is best known for his masterful paintings, "Mona Lisa," and the "Last Supper"; however, he also did theoretical work in mathematics, pursued studies of anatomy, and designed fortifications. He invented siege weapons and sketched a flying machine and underwater boat centuries before the airplane and submarine. A genius with a restless mind, da Vinci kept extensive notebooks that demonstrate
OF His belief in God influenced his art to a great degree.
It needs to be noted that Leonardo himself referred to God and the Creator in his own writings. For example, in Manuscript H, he said: "Good Report soars and rises to heaven, for virtuous things find favor with God. Evil Report should be shown inverted, for all her works are contrary to God and tend toward hell." He also wrote, "O you who look on this our machine, do not be sad that with others you are fated to die, but rejoice that our Creator has endowed us with such an excellent instrument as the intellect." Rosci described Leonardo's views in this area: "Man is the handiwork of a God who retains few links with traditional orthodoxy.
his originality and creativity. Was Leonardo da Vinci Religious? October 25, 1999www.thestraightdope.com
16. Chapter 12 Notable PeopleLouis Leakey
Leakey, Louis (1903-1972) and Mary (1913-1996)
The Leakeys were British anthropologists and archaeologists whose fossil discoveries showed that human-like beings lived in East Africa long before scientists had believed. In 1961 they found fossilized bones and simple tools of homo habilis in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. Later, their son Richard found a 2.6 million-year-old skull of an early human-like being in Kenya. The work of the
Leakeys has led to the conclusion that humankind had its origins in Africa and spread to other continents.
FE Homo Habilis In 1964, Louis Leakey and his colleagues announced Homo habilis as a new human ancestor. Four "individuals" had been assembled from dissociated skull fragments, hand bones, and foot bones. Widely acclaimed as the oldest link between ape and man, much publicity came through the National Geographic Society. But none of the alleged individuals were discovered intact, and some experts suspected that Leakey had a mixture of ape and human material. Also, much of the hand and foot material - claimed to indicate tool making ability and bipedality - was juvenile, making it hard to evaluate.
In 1972, Leakey's son, Richard, found the controversial Skull 1470. Its features and large capacity were "too modern" to fit the mainstream evolutionary scenario, given its alleged age of 2.9 million years. The younger Leakey deliberately reconstructed the skull to give it a "more transitional" ape-like look, and less than ten years later (1981), the controversy was more or less settled, as the accepted age had been reduced to 1.9 million years. Skull 1470 was then classified as Homo habilis, a "win-win" move that supposedly boosted the credibility and status of both Leakeys and their famed fossils.
17. Chapter 13Notable PeopleMansa Musa(?-1337)
Mansa Musa ruled the West African kingdom of Mali from 1312 to 1337. Under his leadership, the empire, extending from the Atlantic coast to 400 miles east of Timbuktu, reached the peak of its wealth and power. He established Timbuktu as a center of Muslim culture and scholarship. The wealth of Mali became known throughout the Muslim world when Mansa Musa made a pilgrimage to Mecca with a large entourage that dispensed gold lavishly along the way. He impressed other Muslim leaders with his wealth, generosity, and intellect.
FE Here is a man whom the author wants us to believe was a very important and significant being. The author doesn’t know when he was born and according to the “Case Study” in this textbook, does not know when he died.
Historians do not agree on precisely when Mansa Musa's reign ended. Some accounts indicate he died not long after he returned from Mecca in 1325. Other accounts indicate that he ruled for approximately 25 years, placing his date of death some time in 1337.
Michelangelo was one of the most versatile and talented artists and architects of the Italian Renaissance. His best known sculptures are "Pieta," "Moses," and "David." His mastery of the human form was also shown by the painting of hundreds of figures on the ceiling and end wall of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. As an architect, Michelangelo designed the buildings and layout of the Capitoline Hill in Rome. He also designed the massive dome of St. Peter's Church in the Vatican. Michelangelo ranks with Leonardo Da Vinci and Raphael among the three most important and influential artists of the Renaissance.
OF Michaelangelo You must be born againSome historians have identified Michelangelo as part of a religious circle known as "Nicodemites" (a term used by John Calvin, alluding to the Pharisee who came to Jesus only by night for fear of being discovered in conversation with him). For the Genevan reformer, "Nicodemites" were those who concealed their Protestant beliefs behind an outward show of Catholic conformity—a kind of cowardice. However, for those who took the name for themselves, it could be a badge of honor. After all, Nicodemus showed up courageously and faithfully at the crucifixion. [For more about Michelangelo's relation to the Reformation, see "The Art of Grace" on p. 32.]— contributed by Laurel Gasquewww.christianhistoryinstitute.org
19. Chapter 9Notable PeopleMoses
MosesBiblical prophet who led the Jews out of Egypt and through the Sinai Desert toward the Promised Land of Canaan. According to Biblical tradition, Moses received the Ten Commandments and other laws called the Mosaic Code from God and pronounced them to the Jews.
OF The Biblical character of Moses is the most important figure in Judaism, the leader of the children of Israel from Egyptian bondage and particularly, teacher of the Torah he received from God: hence the Torah is often called the “Torah of Moses”.
www.myjewishlearning.com/Bible
20. Chapter 12 Notable PeopleMozart
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791)
Mozart is recognized as one of the greatest composers of Western classical music. He was a prolific writer, excelling in every form of musical composition known at his time. Mozart composed over six hundred works,
including 56 symphonies, 15 operas (including "The Marriage of Figaro," "Don Giovanni," and "The Magic Flute"), numerous concertos, serenades, minuets, German dances, contredanses, keyboard string, and vocal pieces -- both religious and secular.
OF Mozart believed in God. His Creation, his life, his letters bear witness to his faith. One source for his happiness was his religion, which was sound and free from all superstition – a firm, strong kind of faith which doubt had never injured though it may have touched it. It was also a calm and peaceful faith, without passion or mysticism: Credo quia verum. He believed from the depth of his being and he bestowed God the most precious offering of his spirit. He was in peace with the thought of eternity. And his happiness on earth was in the love of those who loved him and especially in his love for them. But Mozart’s true happiness was in his creation. There are times when Mozart’s soul soars higher still and attains sublime and quiet regions where the stirrings of human passion are unknown. At such times Mozart is above himself, deified human being expressing his greatness through God’s will. The Voice of God on earth.
www.mozartschildren.wordpress.com*What is less well known is that he was devoutly religious and saw numbers as involved in understanding God's plan for history from the Bible. He did a considerable work on biblical numerology, and, though aspects of his beliefs were not orthodox, he thought theology was very important. In his system of physics, God was essential to the nature and absoluteness of space. In Principia he stated, "The most beautiful system of the sun, planets, and comets, could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being."
21. Chapter 1Notable PeopleMuhammad
Muhammad (570 C.E. - 632 C.E.)Muhammad was a merchant who lived in Arabia from about 570 to 632 C.E. As the last prophet of God (Allah), he is the founder of the religion of Islam and his teachings, recorded in the Koran, are the basic laws of Islam. Islam dates time from 622 C.E., the year Muhammad and his followers fled from Mecca to Medina (the Hegira). Eight years later Muhammad took control of Mecca and his followers began the rapid expansion of Islam. By the end of the 7th century, the Muslims had conquered the Middle East and North Africa.
B Last “Prophet of God” in whose opinion? Matthew 7:15-16 of the Bible says: “Watch out for false
prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves. By their fruit you will recognize them.”
“expansion” does not identify the process of growth by the muslim religion.
“In K.S. Lal's 1973 book, Growth of Muslim Population of Medieval India (1000-1800), the author estimated that about 60-80 million people died in India between 1000 and 1525 as a result of Islamic invasions.” quote from below website
“Rapid expansion” does not relay the full intent of the Muslims today. ISIS has formally declared the establishment of a caliphate, or Islamic state, in the vast stretches of the Middle East that have fallen under its control, and has outlined a vision to expand into Europe. The announcement was described as the most significant development in international jihadism since 9/11. Upon declaring a caliphate, the Sunni militants-whose brutality in attempting to establish control in Iraq and Syria has been branded too extreme even by Al Qaeda-demanded allegiance from Muslims around the world.
22. Chapter 12Notable PeopleNewton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727)
ISAAC NewtonIt is symbolic of the major changes in the acceptance of new ideas that Newton, who was praised and knighted for his contributions to science, was born in the same year that Galileo died. Newton's "Principia Mathematica" described the law of gravity and showed that the same physical laws that govern objects and motion on earth also govern the solar system and beyond. Newton described a universe that worked according to unchanging laws that allowed mathematicians to predict eclipses and the future locations of heavenly bodies. By his use of mathematics and observations, Newton strengthened the scientific method and the convictions of those willing to challenge the reactionary teachings of conventional religions. He encouraged others to look for universal laws governing other aspects of nature and human society.
OF “Reactionary” and “conventional” do not represent facts. What is less well known is that he was devoutly religious
and saw numbers as involved in understanding God's plan for history from the Bible. He did a considerable work on biblical numerology, and, though aspects of his beliefs were not orthodox, he thought theology was very important. In his system of physics, God was essential to the nature and absoluteness of space. In Principia he stated, "The most beautiful system of the sun, planets, and comets, could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being."
23. Chapter 9Notable PeopleSolomon
SolomonSolomon was the son and successor of David as king of Israel. He made foreign alliances that brought peace to Israel, after which he increased the wealth of the nation and built a lavishly decorated temple in Jerusalem.
OF Solomon reigned as king for 40 years-the best years in all of Israel’s history-40 years of peace and prosperity. He is known aby as the “wisest of all the men.” The Bible relates that kings from all over the world came to hear his wisdom, which included not only Torah wisdom, but also wisdom in secular knowledge and science. By Rabbi Ken Spiro www.aish.com
24. Chapter 18Notable PeopleTamerlane
Tamerlane, claiming descent from Genghis Khan, ruled over a Tatar kingdom in Central Asia from his capital in Samarkand. He gathered an army of Turks and Turkic-speaking Mongols to invade the Middle East. He defeated the Persians, occupied Mesopotamia and the Levant, threatened the Ottoman Empire, and sacked the city of Delhi in India. His armies brought death and destruction to his conquests.
OF Tamerlane was far worse than the typical commander of plundering armies. He killed over 200,000 men, women and children in his march on Delhi, was called the “Scourge of God”, and wiped out almost all the Christians and Jews in his path.
Vespucci, AmerigoHe was the Italian navigator who documented two voyages to America. In 1507, the new continents were named America in his honor.
OF On March 22, 1508 King Ferdinand made Vespucci chief navigator of Spain at a huge salary and commissioned him to found a school of navigation, in order to standardize and modernize navigation techniques used by Iberian sea captains then exploring the world. Vespucci even developed a rudimentary, but fairly accurate method of determining longitude (which only more accurate chronometers would later improve upon).
26. Chapter 9Notable PeopleAl-Wahhab, Muhammad ibn Abd
al-Wahhab, Muhammad ibn Abd (c. 1703-1791)He was the founder of a Sunni Muslim reform movement that wanted to purify Islam by ending displays of wealth and doing away with the additions to Islamic thought and practice that developed after the first few hundred years of Islam. The Saud family in Arabia became converts to his beliefs and spread Wahhabism throughout much of Arabia. Wahhabi Islam remains the religion of the Saud family and is a powerful conservative religious force in Saudi Arabia.
OF No explanation of “conservative religious force”
27. Chapter 9Notable PeopleJames Watt
James WattA Scottish inventor, Watt did not invent the steam engine, but improved upon Thomas Newcomen's engine to make it more practical and portable. Watt added a separate condenser, insulation, and a rotary drive. His engine was first used to pump water from mines; later he manufactured steam engines that were used in textile factories. His improved steam engine revolutionized manufacturing and transportation in the early years of the Industrial Revolution.
OF Papin, Newcomen and Watt were part of a long line of Christians who produced technological advancements aimed at increasing productivity and eliminating drudgery on the basis of Biblical ideas about work. Those ideas shaped the Western tradition even among those who were at best nominal Christians. The development of the steam engine as well as the attitude toward work that led to it set the stage for the entire industrial revolution and the unprecedented prosperity that followed. Christian Worldview Journal By Glenn Sunshine February 13, 2012 www.colsoncenter.org
28. Chapter 9Notable PeopleWilliam Wilberforce
Wilberforce, William (1759-1833)British abolitionist, politician, social reformer, and philanthropist. Wilberforce was educated at Cambridge University, where he met and became a lifelong friend of future prime minister, William Pitt the Younger. He followed Pitt into a career in politics as the Member of Parliament for Hull. A convert to evangelical Christianity,
OF In 1784 Wilberforce’s life changed radically. Wilberforce read William Law’s book A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life. The book touched him profoundly and made him doubt his unbelief. He discussed the problem with John Newton, the hymn writer who wrote Amazing Grace. Newton told Wilberforce:“God has raised you up for the good of the church and the good of the nation, maintain your friendship with Pitt,
Wilberforce turned that zeal to social reform, leading a group known as the Clapham Sect that was interested in improving factory conditions in Britain. However, he is best known as the politician most responsible for ending the slave trade and ending slavery itself in Britain’s overseas possessions, introducing and re-introducing anti-slavery legislation. After a 26-year campaign, Parliament abolished the slave trade in 1807. However, it would take another 26 years -- eight years after Wilberforce's retirement from Parliament, and three days before his death -- until slavery itself was abolished in (virtually) the entire British Empire in 1833.
continue in Parliament, who knows but for such a time as this God has brought you into public life and has a purpose for you.” www.bbc.co.uk a biography of William Wilberforce
29. Chapter 9 Notable PeopleXavier, Saint Francis (1506-1552)
Xavier, Saint Francis (1506-1552)European Catholic missionary who, as a member of the Jesuits, established several Christian communities in Japan beginning in 1549. He is considered to be one of the greatest missionaries of all times, having converted thousands to Christianity.
OF Saint Francis is the patron saint of missionaries and one of the founders of the Jesuit order.
30. Chapter 19Notable PeopleZheng He
Zheng He (Cheng Ho) (1371-1433)Early 15th-century Chinese admiral who led many naval expeditions to the Indian Ocean. As a result, many foreign states came to recognize the supremacy of China.
OF The admiral of all seven fleets was Zheng He, the great-grandson of a Mongol warrior. His original name was Ma Ho, the Chinese version of Muhammad, for his father was a Muslim who had made the pilgrimage to Makkah. In 1404, the emperor conferred on him the honorific Zheng, and he was appointed Grand Eunuch, thenceforth to be known as Zheng He. http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200504/the.admiral.zheng.he.htm
31. Chapter 1ChronologyNoteLine 1-6
B.C.E. ("Before the Common Era") is replacing the previous designation of B.C. They both refer to the years before the birth of Jesus Christ.C.E. ("Common Era") is replacing the designation of A.D. They both refer to years after the birth of Jesus Christ.c. is placed in front of a date to indicate approximate time. The "c." stands for the Latin word "circa" which means "about."
B Find no reason to change the definitions of B.C. and A.D. in our American Textbooks.
32. Chapter 7 Byzantine EmpireChronology Para 4 Lines 1-3
c. 4-2 million years B.C.E.Early ancestors of humankind - The remains of ape-like hominids with some human characteristics were found in East Africa.
HT “To portray any hypothesis or theory as fact is a clear misapplication of the the scientific method. Hypotheses must be or falsifiable through observation and reproducible experimentation to be considered a legitimate participant in the scientific method.” Vernon R Cupps PhD, “Hijacking the Scientific Method”; From Acts & Facts/ Institute for Creation Research, August 2014. See also “Darwin’s Doubt” by Stephen C. Meyer
Publisher’s response: WorldView is following current and standard usage of the terms in question. From the National Academy of Sciences: "Is Evolution a Theory or a Fact? It is both. But that answer requires looking more deeply at the meanings of the words "theory" and "fact." http://www.nas.edu/evolution/TheoryOrFact.html "Fact: In science, a "fact" typically refers to an observation, measurement, or other form of evidence that can be expected to occur the same way under similar circumstances. However, scientists also use the term "fact" to refer to a scientific explanation that has been tested and confirmed so many times that there is no longer a compelling reason to keep testing it or looking for additional examples." http://www.nas.edu/evolution/Definitions.htmlNo changes envisioned to the text.
33. Chapter 7 Chronology Para 5 Lines 1-3
c. 2.5-1.5 million years B.C.E.“Homo habilis appears” - A now extinct very early form of humans lived in East Africa 1.5 to 2.5 million years ago.
B/HT ibid
34. Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire Chronology Para 6 Lines 1-3
c. 2 million years B.C.E.Old Stone Age begins - The Old Stone Age (or the Paleolithic era) is the longest period of human development.
B/HT ibid
35. Chapter 7 Chronology Para 7 Lines 1-3
c. 1.5 million years B.C.E.Homo erectus appears - A somewhat more human-like figure lived in East Africa 1.5 million years ago.
690,000 B.C.E.-200,000 B.C.E.Early man in China. The oldest, Peking Man (Sinanthropus pekenensis), may possibly date back to 690,000 years ago.
B/HT ibid
37. Chapter 7 Byzantine Empire Chronology Para 9 Lines 1-5
c. 200,000-100,000 B.C.E.Early Homo sapiens appears - Homo sapiens is Latin for "thinking man," the direct ancestor of modern humans. Early forms of Homo sapiens had a brain capacity almost the same size as modern humans. Remains of early forms of Homo sapiens have been found in East Africa.
B/HT ibid
38. Chapter 7 Chronology Para 10 Lines 1-2
200,000 B.C.E.-c. 5000 B.C.E.Various prehistoric groups of hunter-gatherers occupied China.
B/HT ibid
39. Chapter 7 Chronology Par1 1 Lines 1-2
c. 100,000 B.C.E.Homo sapiens begin to spread from Africa -
B/HT ibid
40. Chapter 7 Chronology Par 12 Lines 1-2
c. 50,000 B.C.E.-30,000 B.C.E.Early Paleolithic Period - Early Stone Age culture.
B/HT ibid
41. Chapter 7 Chronology Par 13 Lines 1-2
c. 40,000 B.C.E.Modern man evolves -
FE Publisher’s response: While the text written is accurate (see below) the commentator is evidently disturbed by the association of Cro-Magnon man with modern humans -- although the text makes it very clear that the comparison is based on comparing physical characteristics only. Nevertheless the following substitution offers the same information without risking offense: "Modern man evolves -The next step in the evolution of humankind was the appearance of Homo sapiens who had brain capacities as large as modern man. These Homo sapiens are thought to be the first early modern humans as their physical characteristics are not sufficiently different from modern man to warrant a separate designation. Modern humans are classified as Homo sapiens sapiens." Evidence that the original entry is accurate: "While the Cro-Magnon remains are representative of the earliest anatomically
16
modern human beings to appear in Western Europe, this population was not the earliest anatomically modern humans to evolve - our species evolved about 200,000 years ago in Africa. However, the skull of Cro-Magnon 1 does show traits that are unique to modern humans, including the tall, rounded skull with a near vertical forehead. A large brow ridge no longer tops the eye sockets and there is no prominent prognathism of the face and jaw." http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/cro-magnon-1
42. Chapter 7 Chronology Para14 Lines 1-2
c. 30,000 B.C.E.Neanderthals become extinct - The Neanderthals were another species of humankind that had evolved parallel to Homo sapiens.
B/HT ibid
43. Chapter 7 Chronology Par 15 Lines 1-2
c. 15,000 B.C.E.Homo sapiens migrate to the Western Hemisphere -
B/HT ibid
44. Chapter 7 Chronology Par 16 Lines 1-2
10,000 B.C.E.Completion of the spread of Homo sapiens -
B/HT ibid
45. Chapter 7 Chronology Par 17 Lines 1-3
10,000 B.C.E.-300 B.C.E.Jomon Period - Japan's early inhabitants were still hunter-gatherers and fishermen,
B/HT ibid
46. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology961-922 BC
961-922 B.C.E.Jewish kingdom under Solomon - King Solomon built a temple in Jerusalem and ruled over a kingdom that reached the peak of its power and importance during his reign.
B “Reached its peak and importance” is biased against the Jewish nation and people. They have not reached their peak and continue to be of utmost importance today.
47. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology720 BC
720 B.C.E.Assyrian conquest of Israel - The Assyrian conquest of Israel ended the independence of the northern Jewish kingdom that had been established following the schism after Solomon's death.
FE There was no country of Israel until 1948
48. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology4 BC-30 AD
c. 4 B.C.E.c. 30 C.E. - Life and death of Jesus - Jesus lived in Palestine when it was a Roman province. He is believed to have been a member of a sect of Judaism. He was executed by crucifixion because Jewish leaders and Romans believed him to be a threat to their interests.
FE/B Jesus lived in Jerusalem Bias against Christianity. No mention of the resurrection.
He may have been executed but He rose again.
49. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology1st Century AD
1st century C.E.Christianity evolves as a new religion - The teachings of Jesus were spread by his disciples, especially by Peter and Paul, to other parts of the Mediterranean world. They were in search of converts among gentiles as well as Jews. The new monotheistic religion shared many beliefs and scriptures with its Jewish roots.
B Don’t Christians have their roots in the Old Testament and honor the 10 Commandments? Wasn’t Jesus raised as a Jew? Didn’t He start out to educate the Pharisees and then realized they were hopeless?
50. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology 30 AD
30 C.E.Death of Jesus - Death of Jesus during reign of Tiberius.
FE Failure to mention the resurrection of Jesus.
51. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology 64-70 AD
64-70 C.E.Revolt of Jews - Revolt of Jews in Palestine occurs. Titus, the son of Vespasian, suppresses the rebellion and destroys the temple in Jerusalem.
FE Palestine did not exist.
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52. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology 70 AD
70 C.E.Diaspora of the Jews - The Roman Empire forced the Jews to leave Palestine following a rebellion against Roman rule. They resettled to many different parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe.
FE Palestine did not exist. The Romans brutally slaughtered an estimated 600,000
people in Jerusalem including many of the Passover visitors who had been trapped there for the 143 days during the Roman siege. Many of the people who were not killed by Roman soldiers were shipped off to the gladiatorial games, Roman mines, and otherwise exiled from Judea and scattered throughout the Roman empire and other nations. By the year 73 A.D., all traces of a self-ruling Jewish nation had completely disappeared.
53. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology 100-300 AD
100-300 C.E.Christianity spreads across North Africa - Christianity spreads from its origins in Palestine across North Africa to become the dominant religion in the region. Cities such as Alexandria in Egypt and Utica in what is now Tunisia were major centers of Christian teaching.
FE Palestine did not existPublisher’s response: The term "Palestine" (varying in spellings) was used in the fourth volume of the History of Herodotus, written in 440 B.C.E.Notwithstanding, the term "Palestine" in the entry was used to denote a physical location about events that occurred during the cited time period, and would hardly imply bias: "Christianity spreads from its origins in Palestine across North Africa to become the dominant religion in the region. Cities such as Alexandria in Egypt and Utica in what is now Tunisia were major centers of Christian teaching." Entry remains as is.
54. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology 131-134 AD
131-134Jewish Revolt - Jewish revolt in Palestine during reign of Hadrian results in death of half a million rebels and the diaspora (dispersion) of the Jews throughout the Roman Empire.
FE Palestine did not exist
55. Chapter 1Chronology350 A.D.
350Kush is conquered by Axum - Axum conquered the kingdom of Kush to its north to become the dominant trading and economic power in East Africa for centuries. For a brief period Axum expanded across the Red Sea to include parts of southern Arabia in its empire.
OF With Rome trading with Axum and shifting its interests from Kush, the Kushite Kingdom became more and more isolated. In 298 AD, Rome finally evacuated the northern borders of Kush. In an apparent bid to regain some economic parody, Kush seems to have attacked Axum, in retaliation for which Axum over-ran Kush, occupied Meroe, and brought about the totalcollapse of Kush as a civilization in 350 AD.
http://www.freemaninstitute.com/Gallery/nubia.htm
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56. Chapter 4Chronology500-600 A.D.
500-600Beginning of the kingdom of Ghana - The kingdom of Ghana in West Africa developed with its wealth and power based on taxing trade with the civilizations of North Africa. Camel caravans crossed the desert to trade with the black Africans who lived in the grasslands and rain forests south of the Sahara. Ghana grew to become a major empire that conducted diplomatic relations with kingdoms in Europe.
OF Taxes collected on every trade item entering the kingdom were used to pay for government, a huge army which protected the kingdom's borders and trade routes, and the upkeep of the capital city and major markets. However, it was control of the gold fields in the southwest that was essential to Ghana's political control and economic prosperity. The location of these goldfields was kept strictly secret by the Soninke.
57. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology 570 AD
c. 570Birth of Muhammad - Muhammad was born in Mecca and orphaned at an early age. Brought up by his uncle, he became a merchant. His travels brought him into contact with Christians and Jews from whom he learned of Judeo-Christian beliefs. He married a wealthy widow and achieved important status in the community. By the time he was 40 years old, Muhammad began preaching new doctrines of belief in the one God, Allah, which he claimed were revealed to him by God.
FE Allah is not the “one God” of the Jews or Christians.
58. Chapter 1Chronology630
630Muhammad returns to Mecca in triumph - Muhammad's followers grew in strength and numbers in Medina. Threatened with defeat, the people of Mecca accepted Muhammad's leadership and converted to Islam. Muhammad continued to spread his teachings to other tribes in Arabia.
OF The word “spread” does not represent facts.
Ibn Khaldun 1332-1406, “In the Muslim Community the holy war is a religious duty, because of the universalism of the [Muslim] mission and [the obligation] to convert everybody to Islam either by persuasion or force....
Bostom, Andrew. “The Legacy of Jihad. NY”, Prometheus Books, 2008, p161
59. Chapter 17 Chronology 670-700 A.D.
670-700The Arabs attack North Africa (670). By 700, all of North Africa is conquered and Christianity in that area is practically eliminated.
FE Christianity was not practically eliminated.
20
60. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology 732 AD
732Muslim armies turned back at Tours in France - The Muslim campaign to spread Islam in Europe failed when Charles Martel led Christian forces to defeat a Muslim army that invaded from Spain. The Muslims retreated across the Pyrenees to continue ruling the Iberian Peninsula until forced out by Christian kingdoms hundreds of years later.
B “campaign” does not represent the facts about the “spread of Islam”
Ibn Khaldun 1332-1406, “In the Muslim Community the holy war is a religious duty, because of the universalism of the [Muslim] mission and [the obligation] to convert everybody to Islam either by persuasion or force....
Bostom, Andrew. “The Legacy of Jihad. NY”, Prometheus Books, 2008, p161
61. Chapter 1Chronology780-1030 A.D.
780-1030Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims invade Europe in a period of continuous invasions. Vikings invade and devastate Europe. Magyars raid southern Germany and northern Italy. Muslims attack Italy and southern France. Monarchs are forced to increase power of nobles in return for help against invaders, resulting in strengthening of the feudal system. The breakdown of towns and trade result in the strengthening of serfdom and manorialism.
OF Manorialism had its origins in the late Roman Empire, when large landowners had to consolidate their hold over both their lands and the labourers who worked them. This was a necessity in the midst of the civil disorders, enfeebled governments, and barbarian invasions that wracked Europe in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. In such conditions, small farmers and landless labourers exchanged their land or their freedom and pledged their services in return for the protection of powerful landowners who had the military strength to defend them. In this way, the poor, defenseless, and landless were ensured permanent access to plots of land which they could work in return for the rendering of economic services to the lord who held that land. This arrangement developed into the manorial system, which in turn supported the feudal aristocracy of kings, lords, and vassals.http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/362699/manorialism
62. Chapter 17 The Early Development of Japan and Its PeopleChronology 800 AD
800Beginning of spread of Islam to sub-Saharan Africa - Muslims took control of the trans-Sahara trade and brought their religion as well as trade goods to sub-Saharan Africa. Islam spread south of the Sahara to Ghana and other kingdoms in West Africa.
OF/B Bias in favor of Islam. No details of how they “spread” their religion.
871-899Reign of Alfred the Great of Wessex - Reign of Alfred the Great over the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. Alfred drives the Danes into northeastern England and forces them to accept Christianity. He makes Wessex a prosperous state.
FE Very inaccurate description of Alfred the Great He prevented England from falling to the Danes and
promoted learning and literacy. Compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle began during his reign, c. 890.
950Toltec Empire rules much of Central Mexico and expands to the Yucatan and Guatemala through conquest. They are a militaristic society, and demand tribute from conquered civilizations.
B Correct description of the Toltec Empire Did not use the word “spread” as used above for
muslims. Muslims were conquering civilizations, as was the Toltec
Empire. They were not “spreading” their religion.65.
Chapter 4Chronology976-1025 A.D.
976-1025Reign of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II - During this time, the Russians are converted to Christianity by Greek Orthodox missionaries. The Bulgars are finally defeated after a 20-year war. The Byzantine Empire prospers from trade and Constantinople becomes the richest city in the Mediterranean world.
OF From A.D. 500 to A.D. 1200, Byzantium was the wealthiest nation in Europe and western Asia. Its standard of living was unrivaled by other nations in Europe, and it led much of the world in art, science, trade, and architecture.
980-1015Reign of the Kievan Prince Vladimir I - Vladimir is converted to Byzantine Christianity (990). Byzantine clerics move into Russia and spread the idea that the prince is a religious as well as political leader.
FE Vladimir I was described as “The Great” Vladimimr himself moved into Russia and “spread the
idea” Saint Vladimir or Vladimir the Great, first Christian ruler
in Kievan Rus, whose military conquests consolidated the provinces of Kiev and Novgorod into a single state, and whose Byzantine baptism determined the course of Christianity in the region.
1037-1137Seljuk Turks conquer Asia Minor after their decisive victory over the Byzantines at Manzikert (1071). They begin to interfere with Christian pilgrims traveling to Palestine.
FE Continued use of the word Palestine in the Chronology of
this textbook. There is a propaganda war going on now with regard to
the term “Palestine.” At one time it might have been argued that Palestine was an innocuous designation of the Middle Eastern area, that is generally thought of as the Holy Land. During the last few decades, however, the term Palestine has been adopted by Arabs living in Israel in the area west of the Jordan River. It is specifically employed to avoid the use of the name Israel, and must be considered an anti-Israel term. In all Arab maps published in Jordan, Egypt, etc., the area west of the Jordan River is called Palestine, without any reference to Israel. Palestine is the term now used by those who want to deny the legitimate existence of Israel as a genuine nation among the family of nations.
1054The final split or schism occurs between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
OF All these factors finally came to a head in 1054 A.D., when Pope Leo IX excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople, who was the leader of the Greek Orthodox Church
1212Children's Crusade results in the enslavement of thousands of children.
FE Great story. Too bad it didn't really happen. To understand why we don't think so, we're going to have to give a little lesson on medieval history and why it's so hard to do.
Where did Alberic get the idea that people were shipped off to slavery in the first place? He'd heard a different account of, yes, a different social movement the same year, also allegedly involving children and crusading, this time from Germany. These folks also planned to save the Holy Land…
1216-1272Reign of Henry III of England - The English barons rebelled because of Henry's pro-Church policies. The barons' leader, Simon de Montfort, calls an assembly in 1265 representing the great barons, clergy, knights of the shire and towns. It is considered the first Parliament.
FE King Henry III was just 9 years old when he became King.
King of England from 1216, when he succeeded John, but the royal powers were exercised by a regency until 1232, and by two French nobles, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, until the barons forced their expulsion in 1234, marking the start of Henry's personal rule. His financial commitments to the papacy and his foreign favorites antagonized the barons who issued the Provisions of Oxford in 1258, limiting the king's power. Henry's refusal to accept the provisions led to the second Barons' War in 1264,
http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=henry3
73. Chapter 17 Chronology 1222-1282
1222-1282Nichiren wrote "Lotus Sutra," an important Buddhist religious text.
B Omission of year Bible was written No mention of when the Bible was written or by whom.
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74. Chapter 4Chronology1228-1229 A.D.
1228-1229The Sixth Crusade - The Sixth Crusade results in Frederick II of Germany's capture of Jerusalem. It is held until 1244.
B/OF Capture does not represent facts.
Frederick entered Jerusalem on 17 March 1229 and accomplished what four previous crusades failed to do: recover the Holy Land. Even though he was excommunicated, he accomplished more than the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth crusades combined. Many in Europe viewed him as godly inspired and the pope lifted the excommunication shortly.
http://www.medievality.com/sixth-crusade.html
75. Chapter 18Chronology 1274-1281 A.D.
1274-1281Unsuccessful invasion by the Mongols, which were repelled by the samurai.
OF Omitted is identification of the Mongol invasion, of what? Implied is Japan, because use of word “samurai”.
76. Chapter 4Chronology1291 A.D.
1291Last Christian stronghold at Acre on Palestine coast falls to Turks.
FE The term Palestine has been adopted by Arabs living in Israel in the area west of the Jordan River. It is specifically employed to avoid the use of the name Israel, and must be considered an anti-Israel term.
http://www.levitt.com/essays/palestine.html
77. Chapter 4Chronology1300 A.D.
1300Italian city-states take the lead in economic development of Europe. The early development of capitalism and banking occurs. In the Italian cities, merchant-bankers come to control the government.
B Bias by the author as to the explanation of capitalism and who was in control of the government.
The Florentine people were very proud of their form of government in the early 15th century. A republic is, after all, a place that respects the opinions of individuals, and individualism was an important part of the Humanism that thrived in Florence.
http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/Florence.html
78. Chapter 4Chronology1312-1337 A.D.
1312-1337Mali reaches peak of influence under Mansa Musa - Mali attained its greatest wealth and power during the 25-year rule of Mansa Musa. His pilgrimage to Mecca with a large following impressed other Muslim leaders with the riches of his kingdom.
OF Mansa Musa captured the attention of the Arab world when he left his home in the West African kingdom of Mali to make a pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324. Unlike his grandfather Sundiata, Mansa Musa was a devout Muslim. A Muslim is a person who practices Islam. Islamic law requires that all faithful Muslims make a hajj, or holy visit, to the city on the Arabian Peninsula where Islam developed.
1325-1384John Wycliffe opposes the power of the Church and translates the Bible into English.
OF Opposes the power of what church? "Trust wholly in Christ; rely captionogether on his
sufferings; beware of seeking to be justified in any other way than by his righteousness."
John Wycliffe left quite an impression on the church: http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/
moversandshakers/wycliffe.html
80. Chapter 4Chronology1334 A.D.
1334The Black Death - Black Death spreads from Constantinople throughout Europe and kills over one-third of the population over the next 20 years. In many areas, Jews are blamed for the spread of the disease.
OF In “many areas” does not represent facts.
81. Chapter 4Chronology1378-1417 A.D.
1378-1417The "Great Schism" divides Christians as rival popes in Avignon and Rome dispute their claim to papacy.
OF No definition in the Glossary for “Great Schism” The schism, as historians now generally recognize, is not
really an event whose beginning can be exactly dated. It was something that came about gradually, as the result of a long and complicated process, starting well before the eleventh century and not completed until some time after.
1414-1417The Council of Constance tries to reform the Catholic Church and end heresy. The Great Schism is ended in 1417 when Martin V is elected as pope.
OF It was clear that the conciliarists would need organized secular force and the threat of the end of financing to accomplish their aims. By 1415, the problems of the triple popes, Czech heresy and revolt, church corruption, and popular concern had become so pressing that the Holy Roman Emperor threw his support behind the conciliarists and arranged for a new council to meet at the city of Constance.
1415The Bohemian religious reformer John Hus opposes the Church and is burned for heresy.
OF Ommitted from “Notable People” and no explanation as to what church?
One of Wycliffe’s followers, John Hus, actively promoted Wycliffe’s ideas: that people should be permitted to read the Bible in their own language, and they should oppose the tyranny of the Roman church that threatened anyone possessing a non-Latin Bible with execution. Hus was burned at the stake in 1415, with Wycliffe’s manuscript Bibles used as kindling for the fire. The last words of John Hus were that, “in 100 years, God will raise up a man whose calls for reform cannot be suppressed.” Almost exactly 100 years later, in 1517, Martin Luther nailed his famous 95 Theses of Contention (a list of 95 issues of heretical theology and crimes of the Roman Catholic Church) into the church door at Wittenberg. The prophecy of Hus had come true!
1492Christopher Columbus sails under the Spanish flag and lands in the West Indies. He lands in the Bahamas and Hispaniola. Between 1493 and 1502, he makes three more voyages, visiting the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and Jamaica. He sights the coast of northern South America. This "Encounter" between the Old World and the New World initiates vast cultural and ecological exchanges. It also brings European diseases and empires to the New World, leading to the brutal destruction of 90 percent of the Indian population of the Americas.
FE The brutal destruction of 90 percent of the Indian population did not happen between 1492 and 1502 and was not the direct result of Christopher Columbus discovering America.
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85. Chapter 1Chronology1500
1500About this time the Commercial Revolution begins.Renaissance spreads to northern Europe about this time. Christian humanism develops with the writings of Desiderius Erasmus, Thomas More, and Johann Reuchlin.
OF Christian humanism is the belief that human freedom, individual conscience, and unencumbered rational inquiry are compatible with the practice of Christianity or even intrinsic in its doctrine. It represents a philosophical union of Christian faith and classical humanist principles
Humanism: a system of values and beliefs that is based on the idea that people are basically good and that problems can be solved without anything supernatural.
2014 Merriam-Webster, Inc. A doctrine, attitude, or way of life centered on human
interests or values; especially a philosophy that usually rejects supernaturalism and stress an individual’s dignity and worth and capacity for self -realization through reason.
i.word.com Christianity, on the other hand, stresses that man is
basically sinful and needs a savior.86. Chapter 7
Chronology 1509 A.D.Lines 1-2
1509Publication of “In Praise of Folly”. This book attacks the social and religious evils of the day.
OF The “religious evils” were not listed or explained.
87. Chapter 1Chronology1522-1530 A.D.
1522-1530Most of the rulers in northern Germany and many cities in western Germany adopt Lutheranism.
OF No definition of Lutheranism in the Glossary. What Luther discovered is the freedom of Christians
trusting God’s mercy in Christ. As he later wrote, “Faith is God’s work in us. It changes us and makes us to be born anew of God. This faith is a living, busy, active, mighty thing. It is impossible for it not to be doing good works incessantly. Faith is a living, daring confidence in God’s grace, so sure and certain that believers would stake their lives on it a thousand times.”
1525Mogul Dynasty established in India - Babur invaded from Central Asia to establish the Muslim Mogul Dynasty. Northern India had been ruled by a number of feuding Muslim princely states following the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Akbar expanded the empire to all but the southern tip of the subcontinent and consolidated control through administrative reforms.
OF/B Expanded does not represent facts The Muslim religion is known for its conquering of
countries.
89. Chapter 5Chronology1541 A.D.
1541John Calvin establishes a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland. He comes to Switzerland after escaping from the persecution of Protestants in France.
FE No definition of Protestants in Glossary By 1536 Calvin had disengaged himself from the Roman
Catholic Church and made plans to permanently leave France and go to Strasbourg. However, war had broken out between Francis I and Charles V, so Calvin decided to make a one-night detour to Geneva
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin90. Chapter 5
Chronology1542 A.D.
1542Pope Paul III proclaims the Inquisition in Rome.Japan's first contact with Europeans. Merchants from Portugal first reach Japan.Father Bartolome de Las Casas's "History of the Indies" persuades the Spanish monarchy to enact laws designed to protect the Native American Indians in the colonies. For example Native Americans had the right to own livestock and to farm. They were not supposed to be made slaves.
FE Father Bartolome protected the Indians in India This text gives the reader the impression Father
Bartolome was protecting native Indians in America. In 1515 Las Casas re nounced his encomienda and sailed
for Spain to speak out against the brutal treatment of the Indians in the Indies. It was a cause to which he dedicated the rest of his life, becoming a Dominican priest in 1524 and returning to Mexico.
1546-1555Catholic Holy Roman emperor (Charles V) attacks the Protestant states of Germany (1546). The states ally themselves with France and stop Charles. The Peace of Augsburg ends the religious war. German rulers can choose between Lutheranism or Catholicism, and their subjects must accept that choice or emigrate.
FE “attacks” does not represent facts Charles was able to win over some of the German princes
to the Catholic cause. After outlawing the Protestant Schmalkaldic League, war ensued. The result was further division. The Protestants received help from Henry II of France and rebelled against Charles, who had to flee to the Netherlands.
1546-1555Catholic Holy Roman emperor (Charles V) attacks the Protestant states of Germany (1546). The states ally themselves with France and stop Charles. The Peace of Augsburg ends the religious war. German rulers can choose between Lutheranism or Catholicism, and their subjects must accept that choice or emigrate.
B Unable to find proof of this statement
93. Chapter 5Chronology1546-1555 A.D.
1547-1553Reign of Edward VI of England - The Church of England becomes more Protestant.
OF No definition of Protestant in Glosssary
94. Chapter 5Chronology1546-1555 A.D.
1572Massacre of St. Bartholomew (ordered by Catherine de Medici) results in the death of thousands of Huguenots.
OF An estimated 3,000 were killed in Paris, 70,000 in all of France. News of the massacres was welcomed by the Pope and the King of Spain. Protestants, however, were horrified, and the killings rekindled the hatred between Protestants and Catholics and resulted in the resumption of civil war
Read more: Saint Bartholomew's Day, massacre of | Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/saint-bartholomew-day-massacre-of.html#ixzz38uitGeL3
95. Chapter 1Chronology1620 A.D. Line 9
1620This was a major step toward democratic self-government in America.
FE Publisher’s response: We will add "constitutional republic" to glossary: constitutional republic: see republic The entry in the glossary for "republic" will be revised as follows: republic: a republic is a system of government in which the supreme power rests in a body of citizens entitled to vote, and is exercised by elected officials who are responsible to the voters and who must govern according to the rule of law. The term "classical republic" refers to the ancient Roman ideal of government, as demonstrated by the republic of ancient Rome. The term "federal republic" refers to a system of government where both the central government and the state and local governments derive their authority from the people. The term "constitutional republic" refers to a republic governed by a written constitution that limits the use of authority. The quotation is taken out of context and speaks nothing about America's founding; "this" refers
to the Mayflower Compact. The complete quotation is as follows: "While on the "Mayflower" the men signed the Mayflower Compact. This was a document in which they agreed to make, and obey, their own laws. This was a major step toward democratic self-government in America."
96. Chapter 1Chronology1630 A.D.
1630Another group of Puritans under John Winthrop established Massachusetts Bay Colony, separate from Plymouth Colony. People in England who wanted to reform (or "purify") the Anglican Church (Church of England) were called Puritans. Unlike the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony (who wanted to separate from the Anglican Church), the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay Colony did not wish to separate from the Anglican Church, but hoped to reform it by setting a new example. The new colony was chartered through the Massachusetts Bay Company. Winthrop served as the colony's first governor. Religious tolerance was not practiced in the colony. Anyone who insisted on deviating from the colony's established religious doctrines was forced to leave. People who left Massachusetts Bay Colony due to religious differences founded the colonies of Rhode Island and Connecticut. Boston became the colony's most important city. Difficulties arose between the colony and the English government, however, and the colony's charter was revoked in 1684. In 1691, it was combined with Plymouth Colony and Maine under a royal charter as the colony of Massachusetts.
FE The author leads the student to believe that when in America religious tolerance was not practiced.
It was the beginning of what became known as the Great Migration (1630–1642), during which thousands of English families immigrated to Massachusetts.
"Model of Christian Charity" speech, but the intended audience was clearly his fellow emigrants. "It is by mutual consent [that we] seek out a place of cohabitation and censorship under a due form of government both civil and ecclesiastical. In such cases as this, the care of the public must oversway all private respects. . . . " he told them. We go "to improve our lives, to do more service to the Lord. . . . We have entered a covenant with [God] for this work." He continued: "For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us."
http://www.massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=106
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97. Chapter 5Chronology1638 A.D.
1638Large-scale persecution of Christians resulted in the massacre of 30,000 Christians at Shemabara, Japan. Portuguese expelled from Japan by Tokugawa Shogunate. Christian missionaries were expelled.
HT No explanation as to why? Tokugawa Ieyasu , the successor of Hideyoshi, was
initially friendly toward the Christians.In 1614, however, he banned Christianity, as he too was afraid his authority could be challenged by the growing influence of the missionaries. One of the most infamous massacres took place in Shimabara, Nagasaki Prefecture, in 1638; 30,000 Japanese Christians were massacred.
c. 1640Slavery became firmly established as some colonial legislatures proclaimed that black indentured servants were slaves.
OF “some” does not represent facts. Where?
99. Chapter 5Chronology1655 A.D.
1655After an unsuccessful attempt to invade Hispaniola, English colonizers capture Jamaica from the small group of Spanish settlers who inhabit the island. Sugar cultivation is soon introduced on Jamaica, and it quickly becomes one of England's most valuable colonies.
OF The English attack on the Spanish West Indies was intended to secure a base of operations in the Caribbean from which to threaten trade and treasure routes in the Spanish Main, thus weakening Catholic influence in the New World.
Port Royal grew faster than any other town founded by the English in the New World. It became a notorious centre for buccaneering and piracy against the Spanish, even after Spain formally ceded Jamaica to England under the terms of the Treaty of Madrid in 1670.
1776-1832In his writings, Jeremy Bentham (English) argues that the government should intervene to improve working and living conditions.
B What is the importance of this entry? Socialism insists that the government should be in
control of the money. Not the individual in control of their own money.
104. Chapter 5Chronology1793 A.D.
1793Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin - Eli Whitney (American) invents the cotton gin which separates seeds from the cotton fiber much more quickly. This invention made cotton growing more profitable and led to an increased demand for slaves.
B Author implies that Eli Whitney was to blame for the increase of slaves.
105. Chapter 5Chronology1824-1833 A.D.
1824-1833Reign of Ferdinand VII in Spain - This period is marked by absolutism and the cruel suppression of liberalism.
B Biased opinion of author
106. Chapter 5Chronology1845
1845The U.S annexes Mexico's Texas.
FE There is NO history that makes the claim “Mexico’s Texas”
Complete bias of the author against Texas forming its own independent republic from Mexico
107. Chapter 5Chronology1846-1848 A.D.
1846-1848Mexican-American War - Mexico loses the war and cedes almost half its land to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo. This land is referred to as the "Mexican Cession," and includes California, Utah, Nevada, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Colorado.
FE The United States wins the war and CLAIMS ALL of Mexico. Then the U.S. gives back to Mexico the land that is Mexico today in the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo. Plus the U.S. was willing to pay for damages.
Its provisions called for Mexico to cede 55% of its territory (present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, Nevada and Utah) in exchange for fifteen million dollars in compensation for war-related damage to Mexican property.
186614th Amendment to U.S. Constitution proposed - This amendment defined citizenship and for the first time acknowledged African-American citizenship. The Federal government was given power to protect the rights of all citizens from arbitrary actions of the states. Ratification was announced on July 28, 1868.
FE The Federal Government was NOT given power to protect the rights of all citizens. The Federal Government is “Of the people, For the people and By the People”
Each citizen is protected by “due process of law” and “equal protection of the laws.” Of the State wherein they reside!
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Constitution109. Chapter 5
Chronology1866 A.D.
186614th Amendment to U.S. Constitution proposed - This amendment defined citizenship and for the first time acknowledged African-American citizenship. The Federal government was given power to protect the rights of all citizens from arbitrary actions of the states. Ratification was announced on July 28, 1868.
FE The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified July 9, 1868. Constitution
110. Chapter 5Chronology1869 A.D.
1869U.S. Congress proposed the 15th Amendment - The 15th Amendment would forbid states from depriving citizens of the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Ratification was announced on March 30, 1870.
FE The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified February 3, 1870. Constitution
111. Chapter 5Chronology1914 A.D.
1914Henry Ford (American) introduces the assembly line for mass production of the Model T car.
FE On December 1, in 1913, Henry Ford installs the first moving assembly line for the mass production of an entire automobile. His innovation reduced the time it took to build a car from more than 12 hours to two hours and 30 minutes.
Evaluation of Social Studies Skills and other important issuesNumber Questions Yes No
1. Is the appropriate vocabulary relevant to the subject matter presented to students?For example, on comparative government are terms such as monarchy, oligarchy, democracy, socialism, fascism, and communism presented?
Words introduced in the overview are not found in the Glossary This is a book for US Students and the Constitution of the US is not included. America is a Constitutional Republic not a democracy.
2. Are the captions under pictures factual? How does one prove the picture of an arrowhead is from the Neolithic period?
3. Are the charts and graphs relevant to the topic being presented? In a biased sort of way
4. Are the maps accurate and relevant to the topic? yes
5. Are questions thought provoking? Is adequate and accurate material provided so that the students can formulate appropriate answers?
Adequate and accurate material is not provided.
6. Are primary and secondary sources presented for students to examine (for bias, propaganda, point of view, and frame of reference)?*
Very one-sided presentation of Evolution and Christianity.
7. Does the text present a lesson on how to evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author? *
Students are led in one direction. That of the author.
8. Does the textbook have a Glossary? Are key terms included and defined? Many missing definitions
9. Does the textbook have accurate timelines to help the student understand chronological historical developments?
Timelines are inaccurate and biased
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Commendations:
Concerns: I read through the notable people keeping a tally of countries represented
America 17Cuba 8Africa 56
China 31Great Britain 9Japan 25
Russia 13Mexico 17Canada 0
No mention of Ronald Reagan but praised the presidents on the left. Full page for FDR...one negative sentence for JFKNegative report on the BushesAnd the leader of Japan at the time was praised for his "successful attack on Pearl Harbor"
Evaluations based on templateChoices Explanations Yes No
1. This text has minor changes that need to be made
2. This text has a moderate number of changes
3. This text has substantial changes that need to be made
4. This book is so flawed that it is not recommended for adoption. Very biased and leading textbook. This is America not Arabia
This textbook is very one-sided in its presentation of the theory of evolution. From Stephen C. Meyer, author of “Darwin’s Doubt” -----“The extent of the disparity between popular representations of the status of the theory and its actual status, as indicated in the peer-reviewed technical journals, came home
to me with particular poignancy as I was preparing to testify before the Texas State Board of Education in 2009. At the time the board was considering the adoption of a provision in its science education standards that would encourage teachers to inform students of both the strengths and weaknesses
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of scientific theories. This provision had become a political hot potato after several groups asserted that “teaching strengths and weaknesses" were code words for biblical creationism or for removing the teaching of the theory of evolution from the curriculum. Nevertheless, after defenders of the provision insisted that it neither sanctioned teaching creationism nor censored evolutionary theory; opponents of the provision shifted their ground. They attacked the provision by insisting that there was no need to consider weaknesses in modern evolutionary theory because, as Eugenie Scott, spokeswoman for the National Center for Science Education, insisted in The Dallas Morning News, “There are no weaknesses in the theory of evolution.” At the same time, I (Mr. Meyer) was preparing a binder of one hundred peer-reviewed scientific articles in which biologists described significant problems with the theory – a binder later presented to the board during my testimony. So I knew – unequivocally – that Dr. Scott was misrepresenting the status of scientific opinion about the theory in the relevant scientific literature. I also knew that her attempts to prevent students from hearing about significant problems with evolutionary theory would have likely made Charles Darwin himself uncomfortable. In On the Origin of species, Darwin openly acknowledged important weaknesses in his theory and professed his own doubts about key aspects of it. Yet today’s public defenders of a Darwin-only science curriculum apparently do not want these, or any other scientific doubts about contemporary Darwinian theory, reported to students.”
Textbook also has extensive use of the word “Palestine”. There is no country of Palestine and the country of Israel did not exist until 1948. The Romans referred to that part of the world as the land of the Philistines. The correct terms are Samaria and Judea to describe what is now Israel and the West Bank.
The word “capitalist” and/or “capitalism” are used through-out the text book. There is no definition in the glossary of the text book. Capitalism was defined in 1948 yet the text book refers to people as capitalists throughout history. It appears to be used as a demeaning form of economy and is misleading to the student without a good definition of it.
Instead of presenting stories of World History in the “Overview”, the stories are presented in the “Chronology”, “Glossary” and “Notable People”
sections, where not much in-depth information can be placed. As a student I am led to believe a very one-sided description of world history. The fact that this textbook is not an actual book also complicates getting to certain references. The way words are referenced, the student is sent to other sites who maintain the same bias as the textbook.
For a textbook to challenge beliefs instead of presenting facts is a misstep in the teaching of our children. This is a World History book which should take every opportunity to find the most up-to-date facts possible so our children in this wonderful country we call America, have the chance to learn from mistakes made in the past. There is no excuse for Ego’s to get involved with History. How many times can a person be lied to before they no longer trust the person speaking? This book is propaganda to the young minds in America. America is the Greatest Country that ever existed. An American textbook needs to put pride in our children as is their right. History should and must reflect the positive as well as the negative and allow our children to dream and open their minds to wonderful and new opportunities. Our forefathers were great thinkers who through their faith established a foundation for the American “Way” of life. I don’t see people flocking to Russia, or Arabia, or Africa. I see people flocking to America! Our values are what make us great. And the author of this textbook leads the reader to de-value the Good in America. This country is about “We the People" so we can become BETTER! I am a Proud American and I respect the laws of this country given to us through our Constitution. Because of our Constitution and because we are a Republic, these laws cannot be changed without the consent of the ENTIRE NATION. My children will be taught the same respect. I would not recommend this textbook to the American Classroom.
Karin Gililland, TTT Volunteer Reviewer & Texas Citizen
