Micro-Harvesting

Wind Energyin New York City

Caitlyn Tien, Chris Mulvaney, Jeremy Uys, John Lim,

Sally Ko, Terell Long

Saving the World

Nick Mitchell

Prof. Robert Dell

How Does a Wind Turbine Work?

http://www1.curriculum.edu.au/sciencepd/en

ergy/images/energy_ill110.gif

Wind Availability in New York City

New York City Annual Average Wind

SpeedNew York State

Annual Average

Wind Speed

13 MPH at 80 meters above sea level

http://apps2.eere.energy.gov/wind/windexchange/image

s/windmaps/ny_80m.jpg

Proposed Solutions

Low-cost approaches to wind energy in New

York City:

● Pinwheel structure

● Vertical-axis wind turbine

Testing the Modified PinwheelFinal design: Pinwheel with extensions of

length 7 cm. Tested at 9 MPH.

Results: Pinwheels

● Final setup using

modified pinwheels

generated average of

2.95 volts and 28

milliamps to produce a

total of .0826 watts

● Peak values: 4.5 volts and 40 milliamps

Results: Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine

● 120 milliamps at 1.1 volts for

a total of .132 watts

Remarks

● Pinwheels more effective at lower wind

speeds

● Pinwheels generate higher voltage

● Large wind turbine more effective at higher

wind speeds

● Wind Turbine generates higher current and

more power

● P=IV

Questions?

https://oitblog.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/cloud-

question-mark-cloud-computing.jpg?w=500

http://www.johnkaye.org.au/wp-

content/uploads/2013/04/130411_wind-

guidelines_question-mark.jpg

Acknowledgements

Professor Robert Dell

Professor Bill

Dean George Delagrammatikas

Nick Mitchell

Nicolas Acosta, Aksheeta Baid, Lila Hitzig, and Dylan Sanders

SAVING THE WORLDDESALINATION

PROFESSOR DELL

EMMY KUO

The High School of

American Studies at

Lehman College

Eastchester High

School

The Spence

School

Suffern High

School

❖ 1 in 9 (750 million) people lack access to potable water

❖ Most of the water present in these areas is ocean water

making it unusable

❖ Has a great impact in California and in developing countries

PROBLEM

❖ Desalination is the removal of salt from water

❖ Composition of Seawater

❖ Has existed since Ancient Greece, when sailors used

distillation

❖ Filtration and distillation used in combination

WHAT IS DESALINATION?

Water Salt Other

96.5% 2.5% 1%

❖ Filtration of the seawater is

necessary to remove hazardous

organic and inorganic materials

materials

❖ Granular Activated Carbon used to

filter the water

❖ Carbon processed to have low-volume

holes that increase surface area for

adsorption

FILTRATION

❖ The act of separating a liquid mixture by

phase creation

❖ Concentrated sunlight by means of a

fresnel lens to generate the needed heat

❖ Constructed a reboiler using copper

❖ Separation by production of vapor that is

condensed

DISTILLATION

https://controls.engin.umich.edu/wiki/index.

php/DistillationModel

OUR DESIGN

❖ In 30 minutes, 10mL of water was

collected

❖ Water was lost during the boiling phase

through the top of the reboiler

❖ Extrapolating, our system would take 50

hours to purify 1 liter of water

RESULTS

❖ Our TA Emmy Kuo

❖ Professor Dell

❖ The Cooper Union STEM program

❖ Professor Bill

❖ Dean Delagrammatikas

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Integration of

Hydropower into Bridges

Max Miranda, Simar Sahwney, Caleb

Wong, Hannah Contreras

Saving the World

Professor Robert Dell

Teaching Assistant Nick Mitchell

The Brooklyn Bridge on the East River

● Length of pier (parallel to river flow): 140 feet ● Width of pier (perpendicular to river’s flow): 59 feet

● Issues with the East River:

o Reverses flow every six hours

o Constant commercial traffic

o Relatively low water flow rate

(average of 4 mph)

Our Turbine Concept

3D Modelling- SolidWorks

ANSYS Fluid Simulations Part 1Computing the velocity of water hitting the

turbine

3.7 meters per second

Computing the power of the full-scale turbine

● The total power capacity of a full scale turbine we

computed as 76 megawatts

● At optimal conditions the bridge turbine would produce

12.1 million kilowatt-hours per year, enough power to

power 1,100 houses

Formula : P = (½) v2 = (½)𝛒Av3

Where P = Power, = Density, A = Cross-sectional Area, v = Velocity, = Mass Flow

Rate

(½) (1000 kg/m3) (5.66 m2) (30 m/s)3

= 76.4 Megawatts

𝛒

Physical

Models

Physical Testing Part 1 Finding the optimal turbine design

Distance of turbine from faucet

40 cm 30 cm 20 cm 10 cm

Average Voltage

0.455 V 0.407 V 0.323 V 0.326 V

AverageAmperes

0.02 A 0.02 A 0.01 A 0.00 A

Total Miliwatts

9.10 8.14 3.23 0

Turbine Blade ( Shorter Blade Design )

Distance of turbine from faucet

40 cm 30 cm 20 cm 10 cm

AverageVoltage

0.463 0.416 0.385 0.365

AverageAmperes

0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Total Miliwatts

9.26 8.23 7.7 7.3

Turbine Blade ( Longer Blade Design )

We concluded the Turbine Blade with the larger surface area

(Blue) Created a creator amount of watts.

The greater the height the greater Kinetic Energy found.

Physical Testing Part 2Computing the power of the turbine

Acknowledgments

Professor Robert Dell

Nicholas Mitchell

Emmy Kuo and Alex Livermore

Professor Bill

Professor Delagrammatikas

The End

Saving The World:

Solar Powered Phone Charger

Luna Oiwa, Candy Liu,

Cassidy McAllister, Jacob Hoffman

Professor Robert Dell

Alex Livermore

What is Solar Energy?

-Renewable Energy from the Sun

-Nuclear fusion

-Electromagnetic Waves

-Energy can be converted to electricity by solar panels (photovoltaic cells)

-600W/m2 on a sunny summer day in NYC

-Provides earth with enough power every hour to

power the entire planet for a year.

Our Project

Solar powered phone charger with:

-Sun tracking tri-solar panel setup

-Photodiodes to detect optimal angle

-Programmed Arduino to control motors

-Two 12V stepper motors for motion

-Rechargeable battery

-USB ports for charging

Challenges

-Maximizing efficiency of solar panels

-Making the device portable

-Generating enough torque to raise panels

Mechanism1. Sensors send back data on amount

of sun exposure to Arduino.

1. If sensors detect a drop in sun exposure,

Arduino activates motors to lower/raise

panels accordingly.

1. When sensors send back data consistent with

greatest exposure, motors stop.

Sensor 1Sensor 2

Sensor 3

WHY

Voltage and Current Readings from Solar Panels

and Power Calculations

Angle to Sun Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (W)

Solar Radiation

(W/m^2)

90° 10.5 0.39 4.095 1009.6

60° 10.1 0.22 2.22 1015.6

45° 9.95 0.26 2.587 1003.6

30° 9.75 0.18 1.755 985.6

Designed Solidworks Model

Final Product:

Solar Panels

Photodiodes

Motors

Drivers

Battery

Arduino

Power Bank

Video

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to:

Professor Dell

Alex Livermore

Nick Mitchell and Emmy Kuo

Professor Bill

Professor Delagrammatikas

Power Generating Tile

Jeahoung (David) Hong, Phillip Chen, Seokjoo Yoon, Seung Won (Sally) Na

Saving the WorldProfessor Robert Dell

Alex Livermore

Experimental piezoelectric foot step

tiles in Japan’s train stations

● Foot steps trigger small

vibrations that can be stored as

energy

Europe’s “PaveGen” - Green sidewalk

● Harvest KE and instantly delivers

electricity to nearby appliances

● $4000 each (2011)

$500 each (2014)

Existing Technology Piezoelectrics create electric potential

upon compression by displacement of atoms

Our Proposal

● Electromagnetic induction will be used to generate

electricity

● A solenoid and Neodymium magnet will be gathered

from a shake flashlight

● The tile will compress and expand vertically in order to

oscillate the magnet through the solenoid, inducing a

current.

http://www.eemetric.com/product-design/makeashakeflashlight/forever-flashlight.jpg

Shake Flashlight Components

Materials

● Magnet and solenoid wire coil from flashlight

● HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) for tile, supports,

and base plate

● Drawer slides

● 4 springs mounted on spacers

● 3 wood blocks

SolidWorks Conceptual Model

Design Process

Final Product

Final Product in Action

ResultsFrequency (steps/sec)

Oscillation (in.) .5 step/sec 1 steps/sec 2 steps/sec 4 steps/sec

.5 in. .89 V .95 V .93 V .98 V

1 in. 1.69 V 2.22 V 2.39 V 2.35 V

2 in. 2.2V 2.35 V 2.98 V 2.89V

● Peak performance at 2.39V and 2.98V at 2 steps/sec with oscillation of 1 inch or 2

inches

● Amount of oscillation mattered more to the voltage than the frequency of the

footstep

○ Frequency affect the speed of AC current more

Benefits

● Could serve as a source of clean, renewable energy in

urban areas

● Better shock absorption because the compressing

mechanism of the power generating tile acts as a spring

● An alternative to other power generating floor tiles that

utilize piezoelectrics

Acknowledgements

Professor Robert Dell

Alex Livermore

Professor Bill

The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art

Sources

http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/13/tech/innovation/pavegen-kinetic-pavements/

http://inhabitat.com/tokyo-subway-stations-get-piezoelectric-floors/