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NUTRIENTS
In 19th century B.Jvon Liebig showedthat,
Nutrients areessential for plantlife
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NEED TO USUAGE OF
NUTRIENTS
Main source of successful crop production.
Essential for plant growth.
Some involve in plant metabolism.
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NUTRIENTS
MACRONUTRIENTS MICRONUTRIENTS
(Primary Nutrients and
Secondary Nutrients)
(e.g) B,Cl,Fe etc,(e.g) N,P,K etc,
Based on amount of usuage.
According to 1999 (19th century).
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NUTRIENT ELEMENT
16 nutrient elements
C,H & O not plant
nutrients Macronutrients &
Micronutrients
Macronutrients(primary andSecondary nutrients).
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Huge amount needed for plant growth.
Fastly used by the soil.
Very essential for healthy plant growth.
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EXAMPLES OF
MACRONUTRIENTS
N-Nitrogen
P-Phosphorous
K-Potassium
Ca-Calcium
Mg-Magnesium S-Sulfur
Si-Silicon
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FUNCTIONS & DEFICIENCIES
(MACRONUTRIENTS)
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FUNCTIONS OF
MACRONUTRIENTS
NITROGEN:
Essential
component ofproteins.
Rapid growth,increase leaf size
& quality.Fruit & Seeddevelopment.
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PHOSPHOROUS
Light energy to chemical
energy Increases disease & drought
resistance
Plant growth , flower / seed
formation
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POTASSIUM
Opening & closing of stomata
Water regulation
Reduces water loss from leavesIncreases drought tolerance
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CALCIUM
Transport of
nutrients
Activation of plant
enzymes
Production of new
growing tips
Elasticity, rigid ,
brittle.
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Important part ofchlorophyll.
Production of ATPthrough its asenzyme cofactor.
Carbohydratemetabolism.
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SULPHUR
Essential manufacturingof chloroplast.
Structure of amino acidsand vitamins.
Increases size & weight
of grain crops.
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SILICON
Deposit in cell wall.
Mechanical properties.
Rigidity and elasticity.
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DEFICIENCIES OF
MACRONUTRIENTS
NITROGEN:
Stunted growth.
Foliage pale green.
Severe cases fired
appearance seen.
Tips turn brown & fall off.
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PHOSPHOROUS
Stunted growth.
Reddish purple leaf
tips & margins.
A leathery texture(dark green leaves).
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POTASSIUM
Necrosis / interveinalchlorosis.
Chlorosis (loss ofgreen colour).
Severe cases, wholeplants turn yellow &
leaves fall off.
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CALCIUM
Stunting
Roots get short &
stubby.Younger leaves first
aborted.
Growing tips die(extreme cases).
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MAGNESIUM
Interveinal chlorosis.
Extreme cases, the entire leafturns yellow.
Prevalent on sandy-texturedsoils (leaching)
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SULPHUR & SILICON
SULPHUR
Stunted growth.
Delayed maturity. Yellowing of plants.
SILICON
Rigidity loses.
Cell wall loses itselasticity.
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MICRONUTRIENTS
Less amount needed for
plant growth.
Slowly used by the soil.
Essential for plant growth.
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MICRONUTRIENTS
Less amount needed
plant growth.
Slowly used by the soil.
Essential for plant
growth.
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EXAMPLES OF
MICRONUTRIENTS
Chlorine (Cl)
Iron (Fe)
Boron (B) Manganese (Mg)
Sodium (Na)
Zinc (Zn)
Copper (Cu)
Nickel (Ni)
Molybdenum (Mo)
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FUNCTIONS OF
MICRONUTRIENTS
CHLORINE
Normal growth.
Necessary for
healthy plant.
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IRON & BORON
IRON BORON Necessary for
photosynthesis.
Enzyme cofactorin plants.
Sugar transport.
Cell division.
Synthesizing certainenzymes.
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MANGANESE & SODIUM
MANGANESE
Necessary for building the
chlorophyll.SODIUM:
Involved in regeneration of
PHOSPHOENOL
PYRUVATE.
Substitute for potassium.
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ZINC & COPPER
ZINC DNA
transcription.
Required largenumber of
enzymes.
COPPER Important for
photosynthesis.
Manufacture oflignin ,
Grain production.
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NICKEL
Activation of
urease.
Several enzymesactivated.
Substitute for zinc
& iron as cofactorin enzymes
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MOLYBDENUM
Cofactor to enzymesimportant in building
amino acids. Symbiotic nitrogen
fixation.
Normal growth.
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DEFICIENCIES OF
MICRONUTRIENTS CHLORINE:
Reduced growth.
Interveinalchlorosis.
Stubby roots.
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IRON
Interveinalchlorosis.
Necrosis.
BORON
Necrosis in youngleaves.
Stunting.
Death of growing tips. Flower abortion.
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MANGANESE: Coloration
abnormalities. Interveinal chlorosis. Stunted plants. Reduced yield &
quality.
SODIUM: No regeneration of Phosphoenolpyruvate.
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ZINC : Stunted growth of
leaves. Little leaf Chlorotic leaves Slow growth.
COPPER : Chlorosis. Leaf tip die back.
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Formation of necrotic lesions
No activation of several enzymes.
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Similar to nitrogen.
Whiptail leaves (narrowirregular growth).
Yellow leaves,marginal chlorosis.
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