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Biol 473
Interaction of all biotic and abiotic factors
Abiotic factors include air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight, rain
Biotic factors include animals, plants, microorganisms, human beings
Biosphere is the living part of the planet Earth.
All areas or ecosystems
Ecosystem can live without us, we cannot
Techniques for utilizing living organisms or their parts for making products.
Transgenic animals, plants, microorganisms
Treatment of contaminated ecosystems. Solid wastes, contaminated air, liquid wastes
It includes use of microorganisms.
Examples are bacteria, yeast and even unicelluar protists.
Growth of Biotech Companies in Germany
Industries that are making different products in Germany
Found everywhere
Specific to specific environments
We can get a solution out of the problem
Example salinity tolerance in the organisms living in saline areas
Microorganisms play very important roles
These make the resources available for the plants
If we exhausted our land for some nutrients then microorganisms can help.
Microorganisms are the natural decomposers
We can use this property to clean up almost every kind of wastes
Microorganisms are used for cleaning solid wastes, liquid wastes and even have potential for cleaning nuclear wastes
SINGLE BACTERIUM
2.0mORGANIC POLLUTANTAND NUTRIENTS(C,P,N,O,Fe,S)
GROWTH - CELL DIVISIONINCREASE IN BIOMASS
CO2 evolved
O2 consumption
Organic matterFermented Acetic Acid
H2 CO2
+
CH4 CO2 H2O
Methanogenesis
Biogas production
CHONP CO2 + H2O
Aerobic Anaerobic Mixed processes Multiple microbes
Microorganisms
Oxidation Pond
CHONP Organic acid CO2 + H2S + NH3 + CH4
E. coli
Thresholds of various bacteria
Pseudomonas in hospitals
Solid wastes could not only be degraded by bacteria but we can convert it to useful products like
biogas
Gulf oil and gas spill
Methane utilized by bacteria, about 200,000 tons
Oil also used by bacteria
But problem is anoxic zones in sea leading to disturbed ecosystem
Deinococcus Have pigments and absorption mechanisms Other as well The bacteria, calledGeobacter sulfurreducens, transfer
electrons via the pilus to the metals that they feed off of. Transferring the electrons gives the bacteria energy. It also changes the ionization state of the metal, changing it to a form that precipitates out of water. A colony ofGeobacterliving near a pile of nuclear waste would extract the uranium, making it easier to handle and remove.
Microorganisms can provide useful solutions for dealing with many
environmental problems