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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case
M I C R O B I O L O G Ya n i n t r o d u c t i o n
ninth edition TORTORA FUNKE CASE
Part B22Microbial
Diseases of the Nervous System
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.7
1924 funeral of Oregon family wiped out by botulism
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Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe
Intoxication comes from ingesting botulinal toxin.
Botulinal toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter
causing flaccid paralysis.
Prevention
Proper canning
Nitrites prevent endospore germination in sausages.
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Botulism
Treatment: Supportive care and antitoxin.
Infant botulism results from C. botulinum growing
in intestines.
Wound botulism results from growth of C. botulinum
in wounds.
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Diagnosis
Figure 22.8
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Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
Acid-fast rod that grows best at 30°C.
Grows in peripheral nerves and skin cells.
Tuberculoid (neural) form: Loss of sensation in skin
areas
Lepromatous (progressive) form: Disfiguring nodules
over body
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Leprosy
Figure 22.9
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Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus
Transmitted by ingestion.
Initial symptoms: Sore throat and nausea
If persistent, virus can enter the CNS
destruction of motor cells and paralysis occurs in
<1% of cases.
Prevention is by vaccination
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.10
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Poliomyelitis
Figure 22.11
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Rabies Virus (Rhabdovirus)
Transmitted by animal bite.
Virus multiplies in skeletal muscles, then brain cells causing
encephalitis.
Initial symptoms
muscle spasms of the mouth and pharynx
hydrophobia
Furious rabies: Animals are restless then highly excitable.
Paralytic rabies: Animals seem unaware of surroundings.
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Rabies Virus in Wild
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Rabies Virus (Rhabdovirus)
Figure 22.12
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Rabies Virus (Rhabdovirus)
Figure 22.13
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Arboviral Encephalitis
Arboviruses are
arthropod-borne viruses
that belong to several
families.
Prevention is by
controlling mosquitoes.
Figure 22.14
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings UN 22.2
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Arboviral Encephalitis
Encephalitis Reservoir Mosquito vector U.S. distribution
Western equine Birds, horses Culex
Eastern equine Birds, horses Aedes, Culiseta
St. Louis Birds Culex
California Small mammals Aedes
West Nile Birds,
mammalsCulex, Aedes
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Naegleria fowleri
Protozoan
infects nasal
mucosa from
swimming
water.
Figure 22.17
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Naegleria fowleri
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Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Caused by prions
Sheep scrapie
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Kuru (New Guinea)
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow)
Transmitted by ingestion or transplant or inherited.
Chronic and fatal
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Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Figure 22.18
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.19 - Overview
