Date post: | 07-Jan-2017 |
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Microgrids and Nanogrids Dr. Alessandro Burgio
Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, Italy
Conferenza del 05 dicembre 2016 - Università della Calabria
From dumb to smart … grids.In generale, un sistema dumb diventa smart quando sensori, dispositivi di comunicazione, apparati intelligenti di controllo anche decentralizzato, sistemi di supporti alle decisioni concorrono per la gestione coordinata ed ottimizzata dello stesso sistema. Nel caso delle reti elettriche, un sistema elettrico non intelligente (dumb grid) diventa intelligente (smart grid) quando, senza compromessi sul livello di affidabilità e sicurezza, si innova così da accompagnare ciascuno di noi lungo la strada dello sviluppo globale e sostenibile.
From smart grids & smart cities to...
… a smart world. What comes first?
Three come first!
Smart grids Smart Cities Smart worldDemand Response
MicrogridsNanogrids
DEMAND RESPONSE COMES FIRST.
“Today’s killer app for Smart Grid” e “The key for engaging consumers in the Smart Grid”, queste sono due definizioni recenti di Demand Response (DR).
Definizioni più attraenti di quella convenzionale; tecnicamente, DR è un programma di azioni, finalizzate a cambiare le abitudini dei consumatori nel consumare l’energia. Il motivo per cui perseguire tale cambiamento di abitudini è l’ottenimento di molteplici benefici: the increasing of power system flexibility and penetration of renewables, the deploying of distributed generation and storage, the improving of the reliability of the transmission network, the reduction of transmission and distribution network congestions and peak load.
Three come first!
Smart grids Smart Cities Smart worldDemand Response
MicrogridsNanogrids
MICROGRIDS COME FIRST
The MG concept as a means to integrate distributed generation. MG comprende sistemi di distribuzione MT con risorse energetiche distribuite (microturbines, fuel cells, PV, etc.) unitamente a sistemi di accumulo (flywheels, energy capacitors and batteries) e carichi elettrici flessibili. Possono operare in isola o connesse alla rete AT. Microgrid is an integration platform for supply-side (microgeneration), storage units and demand resources (controllable loads) located in a local distribution grid. The difference between a microgrid and a passive grid penetrated by micro sources lies mainly in terms of management and coordination of available resources.
Three come first!
Smart grids Smart Cities Smart worldDemand Response
MicrogridsNanogrids
NANOGRIDS COME FIRST.
Nanogrids are small microgrids which typically serves a single building or a single home. The nanogrid interconnects generation units and plants (PV, micro-CHP Stirling-engine, gas micro-turbines, fuel cells, etc.) and electric storage systems. In dc NG, micro-sources, storage systems and loads are connected to a common dc bus through appropriate power converters.A bidirectional power converter regulates the power flow between the nanogrid and the grid. It allows the nanogrid to operate as a single system, providing ancillary services to the grid. IEC 61850-720 communication is available.
DR program, microgrids, nanogrids: un percorso che un consumatore non può percorrere autonomamente; piuttosto, questo è un impegno collettivo, i consumatori sono membri di una comunità energeticamente integrata e coordinata da un soggetto intermediario.
Power Cloud framework
Power Cloud as a model
Power Cloud is a management and business model applicable to the Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICESs) that is locally and collectively organized energy systems. Power Cloud is a feasible solution for put in practice the concept of sustainable energy communities, community energy systems, micro-grids community, and peer-to-peer energy.
Power Cloud for social developmentA PV system on the rooftop is an easy and cost-effective way to independently fulfil a part of own electricity demand, reduce the electric bill, generate savings, contribute to the exploitation of renewable energy sources, and contribute to the environmental preservation by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. Such an opportunity is evidently reserved to those users which have ample space for installing a PV system; on the contrary, it is denied to those users which, as an example, live in apartment building.
Local demand Remote demand
Local demand Remote demand
Power Cloud for social development
Citizens may produce energy and participate in the electricity market, selling energy to the formers. The electricity market is accessible to all citizens that become real market operators in aggregate form. Such a transformation would have an immediate economic return, relying on price margins that exist between the wholesale and retail prices.
Citizens in urban area and those in rural area are joined in a process of social development where exploiting RESs and self-consumption are two main pillars.
Citizens in rural area, which have large area, oversize their PV plants so to generate electricity for those living in the downtown and which cannot install a PV plant on rooftop.
A prototype in LASEER labA 3.3kW prototype of a 3-phases nanogrid has been designed and built in the laboratory of Electric Power Systems and Renewable Energy Sources (LASEER).The prototype to implements the innovative business/management model of Power Cloud. The prototype is able to move the user from “Consumer” to “Prosumer”, from “business as usual” to “power cloud”. For the real time control, the prototype adopts the dc bus signalling (DBS) control strategy. The DBS control strategy has been implemented in a prioritized fashion so to maximize the use of renewables and to maximize self-consumption.
Thank you for your attention
Daniele Menniti and G. Barone, G. Belli, G. Brusco, A. Burgio, F. Certo, L. Mendicino, M. Mercuri, M. Motta, A. Pinnarelli, L. Scarcello, N. Sorrentino, P.
Vizza.
Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG)University of Calabria Via Bucci 42C, Arcavacata di Rende - CS, Italy