Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Photos placed in horizontal position with even amount of white space between photos and header Microgrids and Resilience Framework IRED Symposium on Microgrids Niagara Falls, CA November 24, 2016 Abraham Ellis, Ph.D. Manager, Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM, USA [email protected]
Transcript
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
The Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) drives electric grid modernization and resiliency in the energy infrastructure.
OE Mission
OE leads the Department of
Energy’s efforts to ensure a
resilient, reliable, and flexible
electricity system.
OE serves as the Energy Sector
Specific lead for the Federal
emergency response when
activated by DHS/FEMA.
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Technology Innovation
Institutional Support & Alignment
Security & Resilience
Grid Modernization
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
The future grid provides a critical platform for U.S. prosperity, competitiveness, and innovation in a global clean energy economy. It must deliver reliable, affordable, and clean electricity to consumers where they want it, when they want it, how they want it.
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
Increasing Weather-Related Disasters
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http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/08/f25/QERChapter II Resilience April 2015.pdf
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
DOE/OE and Power System Resilience R&D
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mitigate
recover
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Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
Initial work elements developed with input from the 2014 stakeholderworkshop and later aligned with activities identified in the DOE GridModernization MYPP technical focus area, Security and Resilience
Resilience Metrics
• Quantitative, risk-based metrics to assess and measure capabilities for resilience against weather disasters
System Design
• Design tools to prioritize upgrades and rebuilding
• Hardening (new materials and designs, higher construction standards)
Preparedness and Mitigation Measures
• Simulation tools w. environmental forecasting and damage prediction models
• Predictive failure modes of equipment
• New tools for resilience assessments
System Response and Recovery
• Improved situational awareness
• Resilient communications infrastructure
• Metrics-based optimization tools for restoration prioritization
Refinement of the work elements and associated R&D priorities is being made, based on findings from the 2016 MYPP Workshop on Resilient Electric Distribution Grids (July 2016)
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DOE/OE and Power System Resilience R&D
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
Microgrid Value Proposition
Microgrid Applications
Enabling integration of distributed energy resources
Smoothing of intermittent and variable resources
Peak-shaving and provision of other grid services (i.e., ancillary
services, demand response)
Intentional islanding for safety and reliability
Enhance local reliability and power quality
Energy surety during outages and emergency conditions
Arbitrage of energy price differentials
Multiple Objectives
Environmental
Economic
Reliability
Maximizes electricity produced and consumed from renewable resources to reduce overall emissions
Responds to real-time changes in electricity prices to minimize total energy and operational costs
Serves as a grid resource in grid-connected mode and switches to island mode upon detecting a contingency
Resilience & Security
Ensures that critical loads can be served for sustained periods of time during and after catastrophic events
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Definitions of Resilience
Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience:
The term "resilience" means the ability to prepare for and adapt to changing
conditions and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions. Resilience
includes the ability to withstand and recover from deliberate attacks,
accidents, or naturally occurring threats or incidents.
Presidential Polity Directive 21 (PPD-21)
Energy Infrastructure Resilience
Resilient energy infrastructure prepare for, withstand, adapt to, and/or
recover from potentially high consequence, low frequency disruptions in
rapid and efficient manners.
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Prepare Withstand Adapt Recover
Pre-disruption
actions
Post-disruption
actions
Resilience from a Utility Point of View
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Source: EPRI White Paper “Enhancing Distribution Resiliency,” Opportunities for applying innovative technologies, January 2013
Hardening Measures
• Higher design & construction standards within Microgrid
Recovery Measures
• Microgrid will enable
• Faster Restoration management
• Damage Assessment
• OMS
• GIS
Survivability Measures
• Resilient technologies within microgrid
• Standby equipment
• PEV, PV
• Community energy storage
Source: EPRI White Paper “Enhancing Distribution Resiliency,” Opportunities for applying innovative technologies, January 2013
Hardening Measures
• Higher design & construction standards within Microgrid
Recovery Measures
• Microgrid will enable
• Faster Restoration management
• Damage Assessment
• OMS
• GIS
Survivability Measures
• Resilient technologies within microgrid
• Standby equipment
• PEV, PV
• Community energy storage
Source: EPRI White Paper “Enhancing Distribution Resiliency,” Opportunities for applying innovative technologies, January 2013
Hardening Measures
• Higher design & construction standards within Microgrid
Recovery Measures
• Microgrid will enable
• Faster Restoration management
• Damage Assessment
• OMS
• GIS
Survivability Measures
• Resilient technologies within microgrid
• Standby equipment
• PEV, PV
• Community energy storage
Resilience: A Risk-Based Approach
Probabilityconsequences = (vulnerability, threat)
RISK
Thre
at
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Resilience Versus Reliability
Differentiating reliability and resilience is important
Reliability Resilience
Focus on high probability, low consequence
events (SAIDI/SAIFI; exclude storm)
Focus on low probability, high consequence
events (Storms, GMD, cyber/physical threats)
Not usually risk-based
• N-1 criteria (assume components will fail)
• Evaluate all “credible” possibilities and
make decisions accordingly
Risk-based, includes:
• Threat (you are resilient to something)
• System vulnerability (things that can cause
system disruptions)
• Consequence (beyond the system)
Operationally, You are reliable, or you are
not [0 1]. Confidence is unspecified
Resilience is a continuum, confidence is
specified
Focus is on the measuring to the system
(load not served, components out of
service, etc.)
Focus is on measuring impact of the
consequences (life, cost, security, etc.)
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Evaluating Resilience Improvements
How do we know resilience is improving?
Pro
bab
ilit
yof
Co
nseq
uen
ces
Giv
enH
urr
ica
ne
Consequences,$
ReducedExpectedFinancialConsequence
ReducedRisk
BaselineSystemwithoutImprovements
SystemwithImprovements
Improvementsmustcost
significantlylessthanthis
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Sandia Resilience FrameworkA framework for deploying metrics that can be used
to assess energy infrastructure planning, operations, and policy changes
Documented in 2015 US/DOE Quadrenial Energy Review (QER)
