Microorganisms & Bacteria
Section 1.1-4
Microorganisms
• Very small, living things that you need a microscope to see
• Three kingdoms include microorganisms– Archaea
– Bacteria
– Protists
Characteristics of living things
• Organization (cells)• Growth• Reproduction• Response
Needs of Living Things
• Energy• Materials• Living space
Viruses
• Genetic material enclosed in a protein shell• Viruses are not living things– Not as complex as a cell– Do not take in energy– Do not grow once formed– Cannot reproduce by themselves
H1N1 virus
Viruses
• Multiply inside living things (hosts)– Attachment– Injection– Production– Assembly– Release
Host is usually damaged or destroyed
Bacteria
• Simplest kind of life on Earth– Single celled– Do not contain a nucleus
• Classified by shapeSpiral Rod Round
Bacteria
• Producers - make own food– Contain chlorophyll – Perform photosynthesis
• Decomposers – break down dead or decaying material
– Recycles material
• Parasites – live in or on other organisms
Bacteria
• Helpful– Release oxygen into the air– Recycle materials– Clean up sewage and oil– Make materials useful (Nitrogen fixing)
• Harmful– Cause disease
Archaea
• Single-celled organisms that can survive in the largest range of environments. Do not contain a nucleus.– Methanogens – produce natural gas. Can not live in
oxygen
– Halophiles – live in very salty water
– Thermophiles – live in extreme heat or cold
Protists
• Organisms with a nucleus that do not belong to animal, plant or fungi kingdom– Most live in water– Most are single-celled– Have simpler structures
Protists
• Algae – plant-like protists (photosynthesis)
• Plankton – organisms that drift (not swim) in water
• Protozoa – animal-like protists (eat others)• Decomposers – absorb food from
environment (molds)