Date post: | 16-Jul-2015 |
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Engineering |
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GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,CHANDRAPUR
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SEMINAR ON TOPIC :
MICROWAVE WIRELESS POWER
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
WHAT IS WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION (WPT) ?
HISTORY OF WPT
WHY NOT WIRES ?
TYPES OF WPT
TECHNIQUES TO TRANSFER ENERGY WIRELESSLY
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
WHAT IS WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION ?
•THE TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
WITHOUT USING WIRES
•CONVENTIONAL ENERGY TRANSFER IS USING WIRES
•BUT THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION IS POSSIBLE BY USING VARIOUS
TECHNOLOGIES.
•WITH HELP OF WPT PROPER UTILISATION OF ENERGY IS POSSIBLE
HISTORY
1. NIKOLA TESLA IN LATE 1890S
2. HIS VISION FOR “WORLD WIRELESS SYSTEM”
3. THE 187 FEET TALL TOWER TO BROADCAST
ENERGY
4. ALL PEOPLE CAN HAVE TO FREE ENERGY
5. SHORTAGE OF FUND LEAD TO NONOPERATION.
6. HE USED TO LAMP 200 LIGHTS FROM 40 KM
DISTANCE.
WHY NOT WIRES ?
•AS PER STUDIES, MOST ELECTRICAL ENERGY TRANSFER THROUGH
WIRES.
•MOST OF THE ENERGY LOSS IS DURING TRANSMISSION
1. ON AN AVERAGE, MORE THAN 30 %
2. IN INDIA IT EXCEEDS 40 %
• IN ORDER TO REDUCE SUCH CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF LOSSES, VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES ARE BEING DEVELOPED BY SCIENTISTS.
TECHNIQUES TO TRANSFER ENERGY
WIRELESSLY
NEAR FIELD TECHNIQUES
1. INDUCTIVE COUPLING2. RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING3. AIR IONISATION
FAR FIELD TECHNIQUES
1. MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION2. LASER POWER TRANSMISSION
NEAR FIELD TECHNIQUES
1. INDUCTIVE COUPLING
•PRIMARY AND SECONDARY COILS ARE NOT CONNECTED
WITH SERIES
•ENERGY TRANSFER IS DUE TO MUTUAL INDUCTION
•ENERGY TRANSFER DEVICES ARE USUALLY AIR CORED
•TRANSFORMER IS AN EXAMPLE
•WIRELESS CHARGING PAD (WCP), ELECTRIC BRUSHES ARE SOME
EXAMPLES
•NOKIA LUMIA 720
•THE CHARGING PAD(PRIMARY COIL) AND THE DEVICES (SECONDARY COIL) HAVE TO BE KEPT VERY NEAR TO EACH OTHER.
2. RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING
•THE CAPACITOR AND INDUCTOR FORMS THE RESONATOR.
CHARGE OSCILLATES BETWEEN INDUCTOR (AS MAGNETIC
FIELD) AND CAPACITOR ( AS ELECTRIC FIELD)
•THIS TYPE OF OSCILLATION IS CALLED RESONANCE IF THE REACTANCES OF THE INDUCTOR AND CAPACITOR ARE EQUAL.
RESONANT TRANSFER WORKS BY MAKING A COIL RING WITH AN
OSCILLATING CURRENT.
THIS GENERATES AN OSCILLATING MAGNETIC FIELD.
BECAUSE THE COIL IS HIGHLY RESONANT ANY ENERGY PLACED IN THE
COIL DIES AWAY RELATIVELY SLOWLY OVER MANY COILS.
BUT IF A SECOND COIL IS BROUGHT NEAR IT, THE COIL CAN PICK UP
MOST OF THE ENERGY BEFORE IT IS LOST, EVEN IF IT IS SOME DISTANCE
AWAY.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING
•OSCILLATOR USED IS AN ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING 555 TIMER
WHICH SWITCHES IRFP 250 TO PRODUCE OSCILLATIONS IN THE PRIMARY
COIL.
•SECONDARY COIL KEPT AT A DISTANCE RESONATES AT THE SAME
FREQUENCY AND POWER TRANSFER TAKES PLACE.
•SIGNAL RECEIVED IN THE SECONDARY IS RECTIFIED AND REGULATED.
3. AIR IONISATION
•TOUGHEST TECHNIQUE UNDER NEAR FEILD ENERGY TRANSFER
TECHNIQUES.
•AIR IONISES ONLY WHEN THERE IS A HIGH FIELD
•NEEDED FIELD IS 2.11 MV/M
•NATURAL EXAMPLE : LIGHTENING
•NOT FEASIBLE FOR PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION.
ADVANTAGES :-
WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WOULD COMPLETELY
ELIMINATES THE EXSISTING HIGH TENSION POWER TRANSMISSION
LINE CABLES, TOWER AND SUBSTATION S BETWEEN GENERATING
STATTION AND CONSUMRES.
IT FACILITATE THE INTERCONNECTION OF ELECTRICAL
GENERATIONS PLANTS ON A GLOBAL SCALE.
DISADVANTAGES :-
THE CAPITAL COST IS MORE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF WPT
HEALTHY HAZARDS MAY OCCUR
CONCLUSION
THUS, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT,YOU DON’T NEED CABLES,PIPES,OR COPPER WIRES TO
RECEIVE POWER. POWER CAN BE SENT LIKE A CELL PHONE CALL- WHERE YOU WANT IT, WHEN YOU WANT IT, IN REAL TIME.
REFERENCES:
1. NIKOLA TESLA, MY INVETIONS,BEN JOHNSTON, ED. AUSTIN, HART
BROTHERS, P.91,1982
2. POINT TO POINT WIRELESS POWER TRANSPORATION IN REUNION
ISLAND 48TH INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL.
3. WWW.HOWSTUFFWORKS.COM