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MID TERM REPORT

Submitted By:

Fouzia Begum (10-MS-

PT-TF-05)

Kishwat Ijaz Malik (10-MS-

FT-TF-04)

UET Taxila

Submitted to:

Respected Sir Dr. Shehryar

Date of Submission:

6thApril 2015

Project:

haracteristics !" #icr!$!%%le &as '!s

Project Suer!isor: Dr. Shehryar

DEP"RTME#T O$ ME%&"#I%"' E#I(I#EERI#(

U#I)ERSIT* O$ E#(I#EERI#( + TE%O'O(*

T",I'"

"ril- ./01

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Tale *" !$te$t

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+APT,R 1

$tr!dcti!$ t! FD a$d /iteratre Reie

De$iti!$ !" FD

!#ptati!$al 'id dy$a#ics is the ra$ch !" 'id #echa$ics that ses $#erical#eth!ds a$d al&!rith#s t! s!le a$d a$aly%e pr!le#s related t! 'id '!. FDsi#lati!$s are r$ !$ hi&h speed c!#pters ith e3celle$t c!#ptati!$al p!er t!&et etter reslts.

FD Si#lati!$

Si#lati!$ is the repr!dcti!$ !" the !perati!$ !" a real-!rld pr!cess !r syste#!er ti#e. alidati!$ !" these si#lati!$s is d!$e y e3peri#e$ts.

ac&r!$d a$d +ist!ry

The ase !" all the FD pr!le#s is 7aier-st!es e8ati!$s hich de$e a$y si$&lephase 'id '! (&as !r li8id t $!t !th). The c!#pter p!er aailale speedp deel!p#e$t !" three-di#e$si!$al#eth!ds. The rst paper ith three-di#e$si!$al #!del as plished y 9!h$ +ess a$d S#ith !" D!&las Aircra"ti$1:6;. This #eth!d discreti%ed the "ace !" the &e!#etry ith pa$els< &ii$& rise t!this &r!p !" pr!&ra#s ei$& called Pa$el Meth!ds. Deel!pers tr$ed t! FllP!te$tial c!des< as pa$el #eth!ds c!ld $!t calclate the $!$-li$ear '! prese$tat tra$s!$icspeeds. The rst descripti!$ !" a #ea$s !" si$& the Fll P!te$tiale8ati!$s as plished y ,arll Mr#a$ a$d9lia$ !le!" !ei$& i$ 1:;0. The

7aier=St!es e8ati!$s ere the lti#ate tar&et !" deel!pers. T!-di#e$si!$alc!des< sch as 7ASA A#es> AR2D c!de rst e#er&ed. A $#er !" three-di#e$si!$al c!des ere deel!ped (AR?D< *,RF/*@< F/?D are three sccess"l7ASA c!$triti!$s)< leadi$& t! $#er!s c!##ercial paca&es.1B

FD Pr!cess

a) Ce!#etry !" pr!le# is de$ed.) !l#e !ccpied y 'id cells is diided i$t! discreet cells.c) Physical #!deli$& is de$ed.d) !$dary c!$diti!$s are de$ed.

e) A$alysis a$d isali%ati!$ !" reslti$& s!lti!$.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional_spacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Aircrafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Colehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overflow_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Aircrafthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transonichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Colehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overflow_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional_space

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FD #!del !" a c!$er&e$t dier&e$t $!%%le pr!le#

#p!rta$ce !" #icr!-$!%%le i$ 'id '!s

A $!%%le is a asic deice that !ers thrst "!r the aer!cra"t syste#< a$d #a$ys#all thrst $!%%le syste#s hae ee$ sed t! #ai$tai$ !r adEst the !rit !" spacesatellites.Si$ce #icr!satellites appeared< they hae $eeded a ery $e c!$tr!l< hich&e$erally c!#es "r!# s#all (##) !r #icr! (#) $!%%le syste#s. There"!re< thei$$er &as '!s !" #icr!$!%%les hae ec!#e a "!cs< a$d it has ee$ h!ped thatthe $dersta$di$& !" the 'id characteristics c!ld e help"l t! the desi&$ !" hi&hper"!r#a$ce. F!r the h!le $!%%le '!s (i$ space)< the &ase!s 'ids pass thr!&hall re&i#es< $a#ely "r!# c!$ti$# (cha#er a$d c!$er&e$t part !" the 7!%%le) t!"ree #!leclar '! ("ar "r!# the e3it !" the 7!%%le)< a$d it challe$&es the si#latiecapacity.2B

+ist!ry !" c!$er&e$t dier&e$t $!%%le

The c!$er&i$&-dier&i$& $!%%le is perhaps the #!st i#p!rta$t piece !" e$&i$eeri$&hardare ass!ciated ith pr!plsi!$ a$d the hi&h speed '! !" &ases. t asi$e$ted y a Sedish e$&i$eer Csta" de /aal i$ 1GGG a$d is ths !"te$ re"erredt! as the >de /aal> $!%%le. This pri$ciple as rst sed i$ a r!cet e$&i$e y R!ertC!ddard. ery $early all #!der$ r!cet e$&i$es that e#pl!y h!t &as c!#sti!$se de /aal $!%%les.?B

/iteratre !$ #icr!-$!%%le

As "!r the e3peri#e$tal i$esti&ati!$< R!the4B sed electr!$-ea# tech$i8es t!#easre the '! de$sity a$d r!tati!$al te#peratre at s!#e i$$er a$d !ter p!i$ts!" the $!%%le< a$d isali%ed the e3ter$al '! strctre. !yd etal.5

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ca$ !$ly &et s!#e data a!t its t!tal per"!r#a$ce. ayt et al.:B #a$"actred#icr!$!%%les ith thr!at hei&ht !" a!t 20I?0 J#< a$d ytesti$& they p!i$ted !t that the isc!s resista$ce aected '!s #i&htily. +a! etal.10B als! #a$"actred #icr!$!%%les (thr!at hei&ht 20 #)< a$d deter#i$ed thedepe$de$ce !" the#ass '3 "r!# the pressre diere$ce (i$letKs pressre #i$s ac pressre) y

eepi$& pressre at the i$let a$d decreasi$& the e$ir!$#e$tal pressre (acpressre) that c!$$ected ith the !tlet !" the $!%%le.

+APT,R 2

Ce$erati!$ !" #esh i$ Ca#it

$tr!dcti!$ t! Ca#it

CAMT is a s!"tare paca&e desi&$ed t! help a$alysts a$d desi&$ers ild a$d#esh #!dels "!r c!#ptati!$al 'id dy$a#ics (FD) a$d !ther scie$ticapplicati!$s. CAMT receies ser i$pt y #ea$s !" its &raphical ser i$ter"ace(CL). The CAMT CL #aes the asic steps !" ildi$&< #eshi$&< a$d assi&$i$&%!$e types t! a #!del si#ple a$d i$titie< yet it is ersatile e$!&h t!acc!##!date a ide ra$&e !" #!deli$& applicati!$s.

Ce$erati!$ !" 7!%%le #esh i$ Ca#it

Step 1First !" all set the appr!priate c!!rdi$ates p!$ hich e hae t! ild !r $!%%le.

Ce!#etry !##a$d tt!$ ---- erte3 !##a$d tt!$ ----reate

erte3

Set the c!!rdi$ates as(0

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Step 2$ 2$d step e hae t! E!i$ !r c!!rdi$ate p!i$ts t! create the ed&es.

Ce!#etry !##a$d tt!$ ----,d&e c!##a$d tt!$ ----reate ,d&e

y pressi$& shi"t tt!$ a$d clici$& le"t y #!se !$ c!!rdi$ate. t ill appear red.

The$ clic !$ sec!$d c!!rdi$ate. The$ clic !$ apply c!##a$d i$ the !pe$ i$d!.The$ a$ ed&e ill appear. As sh!$ i$ "!ll!i$& &re